Tao Yuan loves the purity of chrysanthemums, Lin Kui likes the elegance of plum blossoms, and Tao Hongjing loves pine trees. From the preferences of these three hermits, it can be seen that their temperaments are different.
Tao Yuanming, as a clean and honest official, did not want to join the corrupt officials, resolutely resigned from the official and lived in seclusion, picked chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and leisurely saw the South Mountain. Although the days are hard, they are comfortable.
Later generations commented that Tao Hongjing could resign from the hidden mountains of the city and love to plant green pines to listen to the good wind. Tao Hongjing is very cute, and sometimes in order to listen to SongTao, he runs to the inaccessible mountains alone.
Among these three hermits, Lin Kui is the most special, lives the most elegantly, and is also the most enviable. He never married, taking plum blossoms as his wife and cranes as his son. Confucius once said that the four realms of seclusion, the sages open up the world, followed by the land, followed by the color, and then the speech. Obviously, lin kui and Tao Hongjing's seclusion realm was higher than Tao Yuanming's.
Tao Yuanming, who has little vulgar rhyme, belongs to passive seclusion, while Lin Kui is actively reclusive. Both are in their forties and secluded, Tao Yuanming lives at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, and Lin Kui chooses the picturesque Lonely Mountain of Hangzhou. Both of them, one lived poorly and the other lived elegantly.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Lin Kui lived elegantly, and one of his plum blossom poems became a song that has been sung for eternity</h1>
Lin Kui has a special love for plum blossoms. He planted plum trees with his own hands and accumulated them over the years to form a plum garden. Planting plum trees, admiring plum blossoms, and writing poems for plum blossoms are indispensable parts of Lin Kui's life. He wrote countless poems, but only more than three hundred have survived. There are still people who have the heart to secretly recite and record it, record it in writing, and pass it on to future generations.
Among the many poems written about plum blossoms, one is the most famous. Among them, the shadow is shallow and shallow, and the dark incense floats in the dusk of the moon, which is called the song of the ages by poets of all generations. The wind bone of the plum blossom, the charm, is written to the extreme.
Zhongfang shook off Du Xuanyan and occupied the style to the small garden.
The shadow is shallow and shallow, and the dark incense floats at dusk.
The frost bird wants to steal its eyes first, and the pink butterfly is like knowing the soul.
Fortunately, there are micro-chants that can be snought together, and there is no need for sandalwood to share the golden bottle.
plum blossom
Among them, the shadow horizontal oblique water is shallow, and the dark incense floats in the dusk of the moon, which comes from the last sentence of the five generations of Southern Tang poet Jiang Wei: the bamboo shadow is horizontal and shallow, and the cinnamon floating moon dusk. Because of the long age, it is impossible to examine the content of the whole poem, only from these two sentences taken out of context, both bamboo shadows and cinnamon incense, written too full, but lost the charm. Although it is intentional, it lacks the feeling of being moved by it.
Lin Kui, who is good at observation, modified two of these words, and vividly and vividly wrote the temperament and charm of plum blossoms, so that the originally dull two-sentence poem stunned the world and became a unique song for eternity. The shadow is shallow and shallow, and the dark incense floats at dusk of the moon, which really writes the style of plum blossoms.
Su Shi and Xin Abandoned Disease both wrote poems praising Lin Kui. Lin Kui's plum blossom poems had a profound influence on later poets writing plum blossoms. Xin Zhiyi once wrote that there is no need to give plum blossoms in a hasty way, and how many troublesome words are written. Always by the West Lake Forest Virgin, refused to keep the wind and moon.
At the beginning of this poem, with a sentence of Zhongfang shaking du Xuanyan to write the wind bone of plum blossoms, a distinctive temperament. In the season when a hundred flowers are falling, only the plum blossoms spit out their fragrance alone. The jaw of the poem vividly writes the charm of plum blossoms in an anthropomorphic way, occupies the style to the small garden, compares the elegant plum blossoms to the absolute beauty and the dancing fairy, and lands in the mortal world, so that the original lonely plum garden blooms.
Frost birds want to steal their eyes first, the poet uses anthropomorphic writing, the side of the plum blossom unique charm, even the white crane can not help but sneak a few eyes before taking off to see the blooming plum blossoms. The poet regards Meihua as his wife, caring for her with her heart and accompanying her every day. Because of the meticulous observation and the pouring of their own painstaking efforts and true feelings, Lin Kui's plum blossoms have a soul, which makes people read with heart.
Pink butterflies are like knowing the soul, and here the poet uses the metaphorical brushwork to write the beauty of plum blossoms and express his love for plum blossoms. Isn't it just the pink butterfly that breaks the soul? Afraid of the poet himself, right? Su Shi's evaluation of Lin Kui was cold and unworldly, and very accurate.
Lin Kui is good at depicting plum blossoms in a figurative way. The plum blossoms on each branch have their own characteristics, and the plum blossoms with buds to be released, blooming, and about to wither have a unique charm. In another poem about plum blossoms, he wrote: It is difficult to cut the silk and dried bits, and it is difficult to draw thin on the back.
Here, he vividly and vividly compares plum blossoms to cut silk, and the silky texture seems to be within reach. These cut silks are painted with oil paint, and the natural beauty jumps out of the paper and makes it pleasant to read. Su Shi also used a similar metaphor in a poem about Lamei: Tiangong dots crisps to make plum blossoms, which is very expressive.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Tao Yuanming was forced into hiding, and he was helpless</h1>
After Tao Yuanming resigned from the government and lived in seclusion, he opened up the wasteland to cultivate the land, made fun in the bitterness, wrote the pastoral life into the poem, and created the pastoral poetry. If Lin Kui lived a life of ease and life was worry-free, then Tao Yuanming was a little poor.
The biggest difference between Tao Yuanming and Lin Kui is that he has his own ambitions and pursuits since he was young, and he wants to make a career to benefit the world. Tao Yuanming was born into a family of official eunuchs, and he actually wanted to enter politics. Lin Kui was not interested in his career from beginning to end, so he said that he had no entanglement in the secular world in order to gain ease.
Tao Yuanming lived in turbulent times, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, frequent wars, and the people's livelihood. In the face of the suffering of the people, he wanted to change, but with little success. In the face of the darkness of the officialdom, he did not want to go along with those powerful people, but he was a lowly official and unable to return to heaven, and his inner contradictions were often reflected in the poems.
Tao Yuanming
In the twelve poems of miscellaneous poems, Tao Yuanming wrote about his own mentality of not being ambitious: the sun and the moon throw people away, and those who have ambitions are not hired. Empty full of ambition, but unable to exert. The world is big, but he can't find a clear place, and the resentment in his heart is incomprehensible. Helping the world is Tao Yuanming's original intention, and after his retreat, he still has some concerns about the world, which shows that his seclusion has not obtained true peace of mind.
His resignation looked more like a silent protest. In the dark situation of the officialdom, he could not do anything, so he took the initiative to resign. It was his only way to resist. Tao Yuanming chose the countryside, personally labored, through personal experience, more understanding of the suffering of the people's lives, read more. Behind the idyllic poems he wrote, behind the beautiful pastoral scenery, there is more sympathy for the laborers: summer daily hunger, cold nights without sleep. It can be seen that after Tao Yuanming resigned from office, he still cared about the people.
Tao Yuanming, who did not bend his waist for five buckets of rice, was forced to go into hiding, which was a helpless choice. In the book of Peach Blossom Origin, he fictionalized a beautiful pastoral life, and in his heart, he hoped that the people could live and work in peace and contentment, and what he cared about most was always the laborer. From this point of view, he did not reach the highest state of seclusion.
Tao Yuanming's paradise
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Lin Kui, who is a true hermit</h1>
Lin Kui once said that what I want to do is not a room family, not a famous and rich person, but I only feel that the green mountains and green waters are suitable for me. It can be seen that what Lin Kui values most is not the family, not fame and wealth, but companionship with nature. He likes to wander through the mountains and rivers every day, looking for his own pleasure. The large and small ancient towns and villages in the Yangtze River Basin have left his footprints.
Lin Kui has loved to read since childhood, likes to delve into the classic books of the past, the subset of the history of the classics, and the hundred expositions have been studied in depth. Although his temperament is a little withdrawn, he is clean and self-sufficient, kind to people, and has many friends. The most valuable thing about Lin Kui is that he is willing to live in poverty.
Tao Yuanming also became an official against his will in order to make a living, and Lin Kui never became an official in his life, although he had many opportunities, but he was never moved. Good wine is not afraid of the deep alley, and Lin Kui's deeds were soon known to Song Zhenzong. Zhenzong cherished caicai and rewarded him with a lot of grain and cloth, which were all necessities of ordinary life, but they could solve his urgent needs.
West lake
In order to save Lin Kui's worries, Zhenzong gave orders to the officials in Hangzhou to take more care of Lin Kui in ordinary times. With the True Sect's amulet, Lin Kui's life was not bad. The calm Lin Kui was not proud and complacent because of the emperor's special love. After passing the age, he chose the Lonely Mountain in Hangzhou as his hermitage.
With the True Sect's amulet, Lin Kui's secluded life did not have much trouble. Both Wang Sui and The local official Xue Ying of Hangzhou respected Lin Kui's personality, and they all liked Lin Kui's poetry very much, and often went to the Lonely Mountain to visit him and talk about poetry together. However, this is just an excuse, and it is the real intention to see Mr. Hejing's poems.
Lin Kui has a quirk, he writes poetry very casually, after writing what he has read, he discards it casually and never leaves the manuscript. Someone was curious and asked him, why doesn't such a good poem be passed on to future generations? How bad is it to lose it in your own hands? Lin Kui said, I am now living in seclusion in the mountains and forests, and now I don't care whether I am famous or not, let alone in the future?
Crane
Lin Kui's friends knew that he liked to discard his poems, so he secretly recorded them and competed to read them. All the good things in the world should be remembered, especially a good poem. Today, we should really thank Lin Kui's enthusiastic friends.
Living in seclusion by the West Lake, Lin Kui goes out to play every day and boats in the West Lake. While admiring the scenery, we brewed poems. If a guest visits, the boy who guards the door in Lin Kui's house will release the crane. Lin Kui saw the crane flying in his house, and he knew that someone had come to discuss poetry with him again, so he leisurely rowed home in a small boat.
The elderly Lin Kui personally built a cemetery for himself and wrote poems by hand: the green mountains on the lake are knotted, and the bamboo in front of the grave is also sparse. Mao Ling asked for a manuscript every day, and Yu Xi had no seal zen book.
Because we live a simple life, we can be carefree. I would like to ask: How many people can live out of Lin Kui's realm?