After the first month, the green wheat fields are all grass pickers. Sitting on a small bench, bending over, digging grass in his own field. The sun is shining, the spring is late, the wilderness is vast and silent, and the cool breath of the wheat field can be heard.
Picking grass is a pleasant thing, but also a hard labor. Throughout February and March, women were busy picking grass every day. After picking a stubble, another stubble grows. Until the wheat seedlings spit out ears, they have to pull the grass again, and the grass always grows faster and more vigorously than the seedlings. This year it will be pulled clean, and it will grow again next year.
Grass cannot be removed. In order to eat a mouthful of food, people have to fight against grass all year round.
The Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi wrote grass, "Wildfires burn endlessly, and spring winds blow and grow again." This is a fact and a metaphor. What is a metaphor?
Let's read a few poems of Wing Chun and see how reality and metaphor are unified in the land of poetry, and how invisible reality is discovered and awakened by language.
Written by 丨 three books
01
Away from the original grass
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"Farewell to the Ancient Grass"
(Tang) Bai Juyi
Away from the grass on the original, one year old and one withered away.
Wildfires burn endlessly, and spring winds blow again.
Yuanfang invaded the ancient road, and Qingcui took over the deserted city.
He sent Wang Sun to go again, and he was full of affection.
Let's start with the title of the poem. "Endowment" refers to a way of writing poems from poems or idioms of predecessors during study, gatherings, or examinations. "Endowed with Ancient Grass Farewell" is Bai Juyi's xi ti poem that was prepared to take the exam when he was a teenager. According to the rules of scientific research at that time, all limited poem titles must now be written with the word "endowed", which is similar to the poetry of chants. The real title of the poem is "Farewell to the Ancient Grass".
Bai Juyi first came to the capital and used this poem to meet the situation of the then shulang. Gu Guan looked at his name, looked at him for a while, and said: "The price of rice is expensive, and it is easy to live in Yifu", so he put on the scroll, read it halfway, and praise and sigh, if you can write such a poem, life will be easier. Gu Guan then extended his reputation, and Bai Juyi became famous ever since.
Proposition composed of poetry or composition, it is difficult to produce a good work, although this song is endowed decently, but the creation of the language is true, the mood is natural, once it is sung, it is a song. "Away from the original grass, one year old and one withered", the first two sentences, as if blurted out, clever hands occasionally. On the original, it can be a happy tour of the original, or it can refer to the wilderness in general. One year old and one withered, two "one" characters, stacked out of the natural rhythm, forming the effect of aria, and the endless taste of love. This is spring grass, if you reverse the word order and become "one year old and one prosperous", it is autumn grass.
"Wildfires burn endlessly, and spring winds blow and grow again", people today quote these two poems, taking more of their metaphorical meanings. What the metaphor is, varies from person to person, for example, the editor of the "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty", Su Tang Retired Shi, commented on this poem: "Poetry is a metaphor for villains." Eliminate inexhaustible, get the time to live, do the right way, the literary decoration is despicable, but it is the most touching. "Later generations will take this metaphor. Whether Lotte's poetry really means this is unknown. We can also see the wisdom of benevolence in our interpretation of poetry, or the metaphor of the cycle of the world's Tao, the control of chaos and reciprocation, or the metaphor of the heavenly heart and the virginity of the yuan, and the endless life, all of which are indispensable.
Wildfires and spring winds, the imagery is uplifting, and the spirit of reading is doubled. The Tang people also have similar poems, such as Liu Changqing's "Spring into the Burning Traces of Green", Meng Haoran's "The forest flowers are more falling, the trail grass is still alive", the poetry is similar, and the weather is not as wide as lotte.
The first half of the chant ancient grass, the second half of the chant farewell, close the whole text. "Yuanfang invaded the ancient road, Qingcui followed the deserted city", two sentences of words to work, Yuanfang handed the fragrance of spring grass, the color of qingcui-like spring grass, the verbs "invasion", "pick up", especially good body and material transmission. The ancient road and the deserted city spread the spring grass to the far side, not only in the distance of space, but also in the past and future of time.
"Send the king and grandson again, and say goodbye to him", and finally point out the meaning of the farewell, which is the usual way of writing poetry. The ancients chanted grass and wrote more about other feelings, almost all of which used the meaning of "Chu Ci Zhao Hermit", "Wang Sun You Xi does not return, and the spring grass is born and the grass is born". However, the later "Wang Sun" does not have to refer specifically to the children of guiyou, but can refer to the friends of eunuchs.
The above is the full version of this poem. Some of today's anthologies somehow take only the first four sentences, and the title of the poem is simplified to "grass". "Away from the grass on the plains, one year old and one withered away." Wildfires burn endlessly, and spring winds blow again. It is also a natural poem.
《Lake Sky Spring Color Map》
02
The twelve are alone in spring
"Junior Tour"
(Northern Song Dynasty) Ouyang Xiu
The twelve are alone in spring, and the blue is far away from the clouds.
1000-ri, February March,Line-colored anguish.
Xie Jia Chi Shang, The River Flooded Pool, Yin Luo and Departing Soul.
That can be a raindrop at dusk, more specially, remembering the king and grandson.
These Chinese characters are put together to have a classical beauty of their own. Why do we read ancient poems? Today's lifestyles and emotional experiences are so different from those of the ancients that these poems do not help us to better explore the world or know ourselves. For me, reading ancient poems is not for cognition, nor for any enlightenment, but only for beauty, the original beauty of Chinese, the beauty of the soul of the ancients. It is impossible to go back to ancient times, and we do not have to go back to ancient times, but we can experience the poetic inhabitation of language through texts, and this may bring some fresh enlightenment to our lives.
"Youth Tour" first appeared in Yan Shu's phrase "looks like a teenager", because it was taken as the name of the word brand. Ouyang Xiu's words and Bai Juyi's poems are both Wing Chun grass endowed with affection, but the temperament and beauty are completely different. Words are one, admittedly.
Chinese is an ideograph, and if we read ancient poems, we can appreciate this very well. "The twelve stems of the twelve only rely on spring", this sentence has no subject, by the stem, but the word order is the first stem, and it is said that "with the spring". If translated into modern Chinese, such as "In the spring, she leans alone on the zigzag (overlook)", the poetry has lost most of it, and the spring of "relying on spring" is not just a time in the verse. It can be seen that poetry is indeed written in words, not in what it means. What words to use, the position of the words, the relationship between words and words, the distance and the expectations, will bring us different senses of beauty, and even different poems.
"Qingbi yuanlian clouds", the wording is equally beautiful, the green grass under the clear sky, written with the word "Qingbi", "far away from the clouds", both real and virtual, did not someone say that God is a painter? The grass is squished, as if he were on the palette of the earth, and the blue color is smeared into the sky.
I love the next two sentences, "Thousands of miles, February and March", the words seem to be plain, but they are really inexhaustible. The more simple and clumsy the words, the more difficult it is. Writing a sentence of spring grass, is there anything better than this? There is not a single word "grass", there is no whole text, but the grass is full of spring and all over the world.
"The color of the line is sad", the sorrow of the spring grass, the people of today probably will not have it, but it will also hurt the color of the line. The ancients bid farewell in the spring, so they had this mood. We bid farewell to the airport, station, the background of the spring grass, replaced by the hustle and bustle of the space, the line is equally sad.
Two allusions are used in a row. "Xie Jia Chi Shang" refers to Xie Lingyun, who once bitterly chanted a famous sentence: "The pond grows spring grass, and the garden willows become songbirds"; "Jiang flooded PuPan" comes from the "Farewell Endowment" of the Southern Dynasty River Flood: "Send Jun Nanpu, what is the wound", and later generations will send Nanpu to the place of farewell. These two sentences, one groaning, one leaving the soul.
The last two sentences can be seen as a continuation of the first two sentences, or as independent imagery, along with the many images that precede it, and the Wing Chun grass. Remembering Wang Sun, after the dusk of the raindrops, the conclusion is clear and the pen is strong.
《Gangura Kusakaku Map》
03
There are countless roads, north-south, east-west roads
"Dotted Lips"
(Northern Song Dynasty) Lin Kui
Every year in the Golden Valley, who is the main spring color?
Where the flowers fall, the ground is full of smoke and rain.
It's a song again, a long pavilion twilight.
Wang Sun went, countless roads, north and south, east and west.
In the Tang Dynasty Du Mu's "Golden Valley Garden", we can all recite: "Prosperous things scatter incense dust, and flowing water is merciless grass from spring." The east wind of the sunset complains about the birds, and the falling flowers are like people who have fallen from the building. This poem is a nostalgic work of The Past when Du Mu passed through the ruins of the Jingu Garden of the Western Jin Dynasty rich man Shi Chong. If you ask him what is hanging, Shi Chong, green pearls, the impermanence of the world, the vicissitudes of the world? Maybe both. Nature does not care about the joys and sorrows of the world, the water is merciless, the grass and trees spring, and fortunately.
At the beginning of the Hejing word, using the allusion of Jinggu Garden, the meaning of the word is expanded than Du Mu, "Jingu every year, who is the main spring color?" "From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, countless dynasties have perished, and nearly a thousand years have passed, the Golden Valley has been coming every year, spring has come, and spring grass has grown on time." The word "chaos" is quite subjective, and it is the perspective of the lyricist, "Who is the main?" It was he who asked. For whom does spring come and for whom does the grass grow? Obviously not for Shi Chong, maybe for the green pearl, for the later generations.
"Where the flowers fall, the ground is full of smoke and rain", not writing about falling flowers, writing about grass. The deserted garden is smokey and rainy, the flowers fall on the grass, and the grass is also desolate and bitter. Like the European word, this word does not have a "grass" word throughout the text. Shen Yifu of the Song Dynasty had an incisive exposition in the "Lefu Zhi Fan", he said: "The words of the wing are the most taboo to say inscriptions." This theory has become the primary criterion for judging the merits of chants.
Lin Kui was idyllic by nature, did not seek Rongli, roamed Jianghuai in his early years, lived in a lonely mountain after the age of forty, Mei's wife Andhezi, often drove a boat around the temples of the West Lake, and returned with high monks and poets. This word is borrowed from the Golden Valley Garden Wing Chun grass, "who is the main spring color", which is also the language of enlightenment. Later, the Song Dynasty poet Zhang Xian, in the poem "Passing and Jing Hermitage", mourned Lin Kui: "After the lake and mountains are hidden, the family is empty, and the words smoke and rain are dead and the grass is self-green." "The word smoke and rain refers to this spring grass word."
The next film writes goodbye. Today's people may not feel that there is any relationship between sorrow and spring grass, but this is a very natural thing in the ancients. Spring grass fangsheng, long pavilion to send, wine strike song, the sky will be twilight, Wang Sun is gone, north and south east and west roads. "Countless sorrows", that is, the embodiment of detachment from sorrow, just like spring grass, and farther away from life. Fangcao divorce, from the "Chu Ci", after more than a thousand years of experience and writing, has long become a national psychology, seeing the spring grass will touch the sorrow.
In the modern era, Mr. Wang Guowei quoted the evaluation of the past generations in "Words and Sayings of the World", saying that the three poems of Hejing's "Dotted Lips", Shengyu's "Su MuSha" and YongShu's "Youth Tour" are the absolute tone of Wing Chun grass, and Feng Yanwei's five words of "drizzle and wet streamer" have captured the soul of spring grass.
What is Spring Grass? For us, spring grass is spring grass. For the ancients, in addition to being a spring grass, spring grass is still sad, it is a thought, and it is also a streamer.
Author 丨 three books
Editor 丨 Zhang Jin Chongming
Proofreading 丨 Guo Li