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今天小编为您带来创新复刻论文之研究对象和关键词定义。
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Dear, this is the LearingYard Academy!
Today, the editor brings “ Defining the research subject and key words for innovative replication papers".
Welcome to visit!
内容摘要：Abstract
本期推文将从思维导图、精读内容、知识补充三个方面介绍创新复刻论文之研究对象和关键词定义。
This issue's tweet will introduce the journal article 《Supply chain operations considering fairness concerns and their negotiation rupture points》 from three aspects: mind mapping, detailed reading content, and supplementary knowledge, focusing on defining the research subject and key words for innovative replication papers.
思维导图：Mind mapping
精读内容：Intensive reading content
一、研究对象 Research subject
创新复刻论文的研究对象为软件治理成本。
The research subject of the innovative replication paper is the cost of software governance.
二、关键词定义 Keywords definition
1、软件供应链 Software supply chain
软件供应链是指软件从软件供应商到达用户手中并被用户使用的整个过程中相关环节的连接，从软件设计幵始，到代码编写与软件生成，再到软件分发与用户下载，并最终由用户使用的一个软件供应商与软件用户之间，紧密围绕软件，由幵发环节，交付环节和使用环节三大环节所组成的链状结构。
The software supply chain refers to the connections between the relevant links in the entire process from the software supplier to the user who uses it. Starting from software design, to code writing and software generation, then to software distribution and user download, and finally used by the user, it is a chain-like structure closely centered on software between software suppliers and software users, consisting of three major links: development, delivery, and usage.
2、信息泄露 Information leakage
信息泄露是指未经授权的任一方查看信息时发生的情况。泄露可能是意外行为、恶意的内部人员或外部人员操作，或者是丢失或被盗的设备中包含敏感信息且未加密或被解锁。软件供应链的信息泄露是指在软件开发和分发过程中，敏感信息、源代码、凭证等被未经授权的第三方访问或窃取。
Information leakage refers to the incidents that occur when any unauthorized party views the information. Leaks can be accidental actions, malicious operations by internal or external individuals, or sensitive information contained in lost or stolen devices that are not encrypted or locked. Information leakage in the software supply chain refers to the access or theft of sensitive information, source code, credentials, etc. by unauthorized third parties during the software development and distribution process.
3、信息安全 Information security
软件供应链中的信息安全包括各阶段自身的编码、工具、设备以及软件供应链上游企业、社区或个人的代码、模块及服务的安全，以及软件交付、应用安全的总和。
Information security in the software supply chain encompasses the security of coding, tools, and devices at each stage, as well as the code, modules, and services from upstream enterprises, communities, or individuals in the software supply chain, and the overall security of software delivery and application.
4、软件治理 Software Governance
面对如今越来越复杂的软件供应链攻击以及企业在软件供应链安全治理中存在的困难，需要构建覆盖软件供应链全生命周期的安全治理体系，在软件全生命周期内加强安全治理水平，提升软件系统的安全运营和风险抵抗能力。
In response to the increasingly complex software supply chain attacks and the difficulties that enterprises face in managing software supply chain security, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive security governance system that covers the entire lifecycle of the software supply chain. This system should enhance the level of security governance throughout the entire lifecycle of the software, improving the operational security and risk resilience of software systems.
5、软件服务供应链 Software service supply chain
由软件开发商与服务集成商、客户企业组成的软件服务供应链。软件开发商向服务集成商提供软件，以及相关的咨询、需求分析、安装测试、维护、升级等，服务集成商向客户企业提供咨询、需求分析等售前服务，并向客户企业销售软件。
A software service supply chain composed of software developers, service integrators, and client enterprises. Software developers provide software to service integrators, along with related consulting, requirement analysis, installation testing, maintenance, upgrades, etc. Service integrators offer pre-sale services such as consulting and requirement analysis to client enterprises and sell software to them.
6、软件授权 Software licensing
软件授权是软件保护概念的延伸和发展。其目标对象同时涵盖了开发商和最终用户两个方面。其目的是在保护软件不被盗版的同时，为开发商创造更方便、更灵活的销售模式。
Software licensing is an extension and development of the software protection concept. Its target subjects include both developers and end-users. The goal is to protect software from piracy while creating more convenient and flexible sales models for developers.
软件授权在实现软件保护技术的基础上，能够提供从软件授权的设计、开发集成、调试，到软件授权的生成、分发、管理一整套完善的解决方案。从传统的软件保护过渡到软件授权，不仅是软件保护技术在互联网时代发展的必然结果，也是开发商降低软件的保护、发行、管理和维护成本，更快响应用户需求和市场的变化的强烈愿望。
Based on the implementation of software protection technology, software licensing can provide a complete set of solutions from the design, development integration, and debugging of software licenses to the generation, distribution, and management of software licenses. The transition from traditional software protection to software licensing is not only an inevitable result of the development of software protection technology in the internet age but also a strong desire of developers to reduce the costs of software protection, distribution, management, and maintenance, and to respond more quickly to user needs and market changes.
7、销售策略 Sales strategy
销售策略是指实施销售计划的各种因素，包括：产品、价格、广告、渠道、促销及立地条件，是一种为了达成销售目的之各种手段的最适组合而非最佳组合。销售策略即公司产品/服务投放市场的理念。本文所研究的销售策略是软件开发商向软件集成商和客户销售软件产品的策略，包括“授权”和“授权+直销”两种策略。
Sales strategy refers to various factors implemented in a sales plan, including: product, price, advertising, channel, promotion, and location conditions. It represents the most suitable combination of various means to achieve sales objectives rather than the optimal combination. The sales strategy is the concept of how a company's products/services are introduced to the market. This article studies the sales strategies used by software developers to sell software products to software integrators and customers, including "licensing" and "licensing + direct sales" strategies.
知识补充：Knowledge supplement
1、软件治理成本包括以下几个方面：
1、The costs of software governance include the following aspects:
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本文由LearningYard学苑整理并发出，如有侵权请联系删除。
参考文献：[1] 周振飞. 软件供应链污染机理与防御研究 [D]. 北京: 北京邮电大学, 2018.
[2] 何熙巽, 张玉清, 刘奇旭. 软件供应链安全综述 [J]. 信息安全学报, 2020, 5(1): 57-73.
[3] 任廷海, 周茂森, 曾能民. 软件服务供应链中软件开发商的授权销售与市场入侵策略 [J/OL]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 1(1): 1-14.
文案|Whisper
排版|Whisper
审核|Wang