RHEL 7.6 安裝 Oracle 18c RACconfig for 18c RACkernel configuration for oracle 18c為grid使用者添加環境變量為oracle使用者添加環境變量this is for oracle user

RHEL 7.6 安裝 Oracle 18c RAC

第一部分 安裝規劃

虛拟環境

VirtualBox 6.0

OS 版本

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo)

資料庫版本

18.3.0.0.0

安裝媒體

LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip

LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip

軟體安裝目錄

grid: /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

oracle: /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

使用者群組

grid: oinstall,asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper

oracle: oinstall, dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper

網絡規劃

192.168.56.11 rac1 #一節點public ip

192.168.56.12 rac2 #二節點public ip

192.168.56.13 rac1-vip #一節點virtual ip

192.168.56.14 rac2-vip #二節點virtual ip

172.16.56.11 rac1-priv #一節點private ip

172.16.56.12 rac2-priv #二節點private ip

192.168.56.15 rac-scan # scan ip

ASM磁盤組

OCRVT: 2G * 3

MGMT: 40G * 1

DATA: 8G * 1

ARCH: 5G * 1

安裝作業系統，添加ASM共享磁盤省略

第二分部 作業系統環境配置

2.1 更改IO排程為deadline，關閉numa和透明大頁

（1）.vi /etc/default/grub(編輯 /etc/default/grub 檔案，在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 條目後面添加"elevator=deadline","transparent_hugepage=never" 和”numa=off”，

執行grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 最後重新開機作業系統)

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/root rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swap rhgb quiet elevator=deadline transparent_hugepage=never numa=off net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

（2）. 重新開機作業系統使配置生效.

2.2 使用CTSS時鐘同步

/sbin/service ntpd stop

chkconfig ntpd off

mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org

systemctl stop chronyd

systemctl disable chronyd

2.3 配置/etc/hosts解析表

vi /etc/hosts添加

config for 18c RAC

192.168.56.11 rac1

192.168.56.12 rac2

192.168.56.13 rac1-vip

192.168.56.14 rac2-vip

172.16.56.11 rac1-priv

172.16.56.12 rac2-priv

192.168.56.15 rac-scan

2.4 關閉防火牆

systemctl disable firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

2.5 關閉selinux

vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

2.6 關閉NetworkManager

systemctl disable NetworkManager

systemctl stop NetworkManager

2.7 停止avahi-daemon

systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

2.8 配置NOZEROCONF

vi /etc/sysconfig/network 添加

NOZEROCONF=yes

2.9 核心參數修改

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel configuration for oracle 18c

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmmax = 549755813760

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

是配置生效

sysctl -p

2.10 添加使用者群組

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper grid

echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

echo oracle | passwd --stdin grid

2.11 建立軟體安裝目錄

mkdir -p /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01/

2.12 使用者環境變量配置

為grid使用者添加環境變量

vi /home/grid/.bash_profile EOF

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 (節點2改為+ASM2)

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.0.0/grid

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

EOF

source /home/grid/.bash_profile

為oracle使用者添加環境變量

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_SID=racdb1(節點2改為racdb2)

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/18.0.0/db_1

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

2.13 配置使用者資源限制

vi /etc/security/limits.conf 添加

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard memlock 3145728

oracle soft memlock 3145728

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

grid soft stack 10240

grid hard memlock 3145728

grid soft memlock 3145728

vi /etc/pam.d/login 添加

this is for oracle user

session required pam_limits.so

2.14 配置全局profile

vi /etc/profile 添加

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

  ulimit -n 65536
           

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
           

fi

umask 022

2.15 安裝rpm依賴包

yum -y install bc \

binutils \

compat-libcap1 \

compat-libstdc++-33.i686 \

compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 \

glibc.i686 \

glibc.x86_64 \

glibc-devel.i686 \

glibc-devel.x86_64 \

ksh \

libaio.i686 \

libaio.x86_64 \

libaio-devel.i686 \

libaio-devel.x86_64 \

libX11.i686 \

libX11.x86_64 \

libXau.i686 \

libXau.x86_64 \

libXi.i686 \

libXi.x86_64 \

libXtst.i686 \

libXtst.x86_64 \

libXrender-devel.i686 \

libXrender-devel.x86_64 \

libXrender.i686 \

libXrender.x86_64 \

libgcc.i686 \

libgcc.x86_64 \

libstdc++.i686 \

libstdc++.x86_64 \

libstdc++-devel.i686 \

libstdc++-devel.x86_64 \

libxcb.i686 \

libxcb.x86_64 \

make \

nfs-utils.x86_64 \

net-tools \

python \

python-configshell \

python-rtslib \

python-six \

smartmontools \

sysstat \

targetcli \

unixODBC \

unixODBC-devel \

unzip

CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall; export CVUQDISK_GRP

rpm -iv /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm (需先解壓grid安裝包到/u01/app/18.0.0/grid)

2.16 共享存儲配置

(1).多路徑方式安裝配置

yum -y install device-mapper*

--生成預設配置檔案

mpathconf --enable

vi /etc/multipath.conf 修改

find_multipaths no

multipaths {

multipath {

           wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171

           alias                   OCR1

   }

   multipath {

           wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172

           alias                   OCR2

   }

   multipath {

           wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173

           alias                   OCR3

   } 

   multipath {

           wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174

           alias                   MGMT

   }                  

   multipath {

           wwid                    14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662

           alias                   DATA

   }

          multipath {

           wwid                    14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967

           alias                   ARCH

   }
           

}

multipath -F

systemctl restart multipathd.service

multipath -v3

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

udevadm trigger

udevadm control -R

systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service

(2).不使用多路徑的方式，僅需配置如下檔案

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5643659c-65a9d79a",SYMLINK+="asm-diskb",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB603d9ec9-7c3a2db0",SYMLINK+="asm-diskc",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc74f578a-aa1a566c",SYMLINK+="asm-diskd",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcje8jg2a-ff4e14d3",SYMLINK+="asm-diske",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcaeggcdb-3gv5hnc6",SYMLINK+="asm-diskf",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBccbd112b-egdgrkr5",SYMLINK+="asm-diskg",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

使udev政策配置生效

[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskb -> sdb

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskc -> sdc

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskd -> sdd

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diske -> sde

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskf -> sdf

[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/sd*

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdb

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdc

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdd

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sde

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdf

第三部分 安裝GRID軟體

3.1 解壓軟體

unzip LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip -d /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

3.2 配置使用者ssh對等性（友善檢查rac2節點配置，也可以OUI界面配置）

su - grid

cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts

./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "rac1 rac2" -advanced –noPromptPassphrase

3.3 安裝前環境預檢查

cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -fixup –verbose

3.4 開始安裝grid軟體

export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

./gridSetup.sh

分别在rac1，rac2執行上面2個腳本

執行完成後，點選OK繼續完成安裝。

INS-20802 報錯可以忽略

至此grid軟體安裝完成。

第四部分 建立ASM磁盤組

asmca

建立DATA和ARCH磁盤組

第五部分 安裝database軟體

5.1 解壓db軟體

su - oracle

unzip /soft/LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip –d /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

5.2 開始安裝db軟體

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

./runInstaller

如果前面沒有配置oracle使用者的ssh對等性，則輸入oracle使用者密碼，點選setup進行配置

分别在rac1，rac2節點執行/u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1/root.sh腳本

至此database軟體安裝完成。

第六部分 建立資料庫

dbca

至此dbca建立資料庫完成。