1、記錄檔
logging.basicConfig:日志的統一處理器,對日志的輸出格式和方式做配置
日志級别等級CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > EDBUG
level設定級别以及以上級别的才會列印,這裡注意大小寫!
列印日志資訊在控制台或輸出在一個檔案示例:
1 import logging
2 import os
3
4 # log_file = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'wlog.log')
5 log_format = "%(asctime)s %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s: %(message)s"
6 '''
7 如果不寫filename和filemode參數則預設列印到console
8 '''
9 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING,format=log_format)
10 # logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING,format=log_format,filename=log_file,filemode='w')
11
12 logging.warning("waring message")
13 logging.error("error message")
輸出在控制台資訊如下:
2017-03-20 21:41:07,756 3.19.py [line:24] WARNING: waring message
2017-03-20 21:41:07,756 3.19.py [line:25] ERROR: error message
同時在控制台和輸出到檔案代碼示例:
1 # 建立一個logger
2 logger = logging.getLogger("mylogger")
3 logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
4
5 # 建立一個handler,将log寫入檔案中
6 fh = logging.FileHandler('D:/pycharm workspace/practice/log.txt','a')
7 fh.setLevel(logging.INFO)
8
9 # 再建立一個handler,将log輸出在控制台
10 ch = logging.StreamHandler()
11 ch.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL)
12
13 # 設定輸出格式
14 log_format = "%(asctime)s %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s: %(message)s"
15 formatter = logging.Formatter(log_format)
16 fh.setFormatter(formatter)
17 ch.setFormatter(formatter)
18
19 #把handler添加到logger裡,其實可以了解為彙報給大上司
20 logger.addHandler(fh)
21 logger.addHandler(ch)
22
23 logger.error("今天天氣陰")
控制台設定為CRITICAL不會有輸出,因為列印的是error資訊
輸出到檔案設定為INFO,列印的是error資訊,會輸出在檔案中
如果設定成不一樣的實際是沒有任何意義。一般都設定為INFO。
另:
将執行腳本的日志儲存在一個檔案中
1 dirfile = os.listdir("D:\\")
2 for i in dirfile:
3 s=i.split('.')[1]
4 print(s)
5 if s == "py":
6 os.system("D:\\%s 1>>log.txt 2>&1" %i)
2、加密
#DES加密
# pyDes.des(key,[mode],[IV],[pad],[pdamode])
# 參數的意思分别如下:
# key:加密密鑰,長度為8位。必選
# mode:加密方式。ECB(預設)、CBC(安全性好于前者)
# IV:初始位元組數(長度為8位),如果選擇的加密方式為CBC必須有這個參數。否則可以沒有
# pad:加密時,将該字元添加到資料塊的結尾;解密時,将删除從最後一個往前的8位
# padmode:PAD_NORMAL、PAD_PKCSS,當選擇前者時必須設定pad
md5、sha、des加密代碼示例:
1 import hashlib #md5 sha
2 import base64 #des
3 from pyDes import *
4
5 def md5_encode(data):
6 m = hashlib.md5()
7 m.update(data.encode('utf-8'))
8 return m.hexdigest() #經過特殊處理之後以字元串形式傳回
9
10 def sha1_encode(data):
11 sha1 = hashlib.sha1()
12 sha1.update(data.encode('utf-8'))
13 return sha1.hexdigest()
14
15 def des_encode(data):
16 k = des("xqtest66",padmode=PAD_PKCS5)
17 # k = des('xqtest66',CBC,'goodluck',pad='hahahaha',padmode=PAD_NORMAL)
18
19 #encrypt來加密我的資料,然後進行base64編碼
20 encodeStrr = base64.b64encode(k.encrypt(data))
21 return encodeStrr
22
23 data = "wo"
24 print('md5加密結果:',md5_encode(data))
25 print('sha加密結果:',sha1_encode(data))
26 print('des加密結果:',des_encode(data))
3、發送郵件
1 import smtplib
2 import email.mime.multipart
3 import email.mime.text
4
5 from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
6
7 class SendMail:
8 def send_mail(self,title):
9 msg = email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart() #生成包含多個郵件體的對象
10 msg['from'] = 'jiayan****@126.com'
11 msg['to'] = '[email protected]'
12 msg['subject'] = title
13 content = '''
14 這是郵件的正文部分
15 '''
16
17 #郵件正文
18 txt = email.mime.text.MIMEText(content)
19 msg.attach(txt)
20
21 #excel附件
22 # xlsxpart = MIMEApplication(open('send_mail_excel.xlsx', 'rb').read())
23 # xlsxpart.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='send_mail_excel.xlsx')
24 # msg.attach(xlsxpart)
25
26 #jpg圖檔附件
27 jpgpart = MIMEApplication(open('Aaron.png', 'rb').read())
28 jpgpart.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='Aaron.png') #需要圖檔檔案在代碼相應的目錄下
29 msg.attach(jpgpart)
30
31 #發送郵件
32 smtp=smtplib
33 smtp=smtplib.SMTP()
34 smtp.set_debuglevel(1) #設定為調試模式,console中顯示
35 smtp.connect('smtp.126.com','25') #連結伺服器,smtp位址+端口
36 smtp.login('jiayan****@126.com','Jiaxxxxxxxx') #登入,使用者名+密碼
37 smtp.sendmail('jiayan****@126.com','[email protected]',str(msg)) #發送,from+to+内容
38 smtp.quit()
39
40 mail = SendMail()
41 mail.send_mail('python自動化測試')
查找最進時間修改的檔案,代碼如下:
1 os.path.listdir #以清單的形式展示檔案
2 os.path.getmtime #最後修改的時間
3 os.path.join #路徑拼接
4
5 import os
6 filenames = "D:\\pycharm workspace\\appiumframework\\report"
7 lists = os.listdir(filenames)
8 print(lists)
9 lists.sort(key=lambda fn:os.path.getmtime(filenames+"\\"+fn))
10 print(lists[-1])
11 file = os.path.join(filenames,lists[-1])
12 print(file)
4、程序與線程的差別:
程序不共享空間,線程共享位址空間
線程共享空間優缺點:
優點:多線程給使用者的體驗好些,處理速度快些
缺點:共享位址空間互相影響
1 import threading
2 import time
3
4 class Mythreading(threading.Thread):
5 def __init__(self,threadID,name,counter):
6 threading.Thread.__init__(self) #固定格式
7 self.threadID = threadID
8 self.name = name
9 self.counter = counter
10 print("初始化完成")
11 def run(self): #由cpu來處理決定線程間的執行順序
12 print("開始"+self.name)
13 print_time(self.name,self.counter,5)
14 print("結束"+self.name)
15
16 def print_time(threasName,counter,delay):
17 while counter:
18 time.sleep(delay)
19 print("%s:%s"%(threasName,time.ctime(time.time())))
20 counter -= 1
21
22 #建立線程
23 thread1 = Mythreading(1,"thread1",1)
24 thread2 = Mythreading(2,"thread2",2)
25
26 #開啟線程
27 thread1.start()
28 thread2.start()
1 import threading
2 import time
3
4 class Mythreading(threading.Thread):
5 def __init__(self,threadID,name,counter):
6 threading.Thread.__init__(self) #固定格式
7 self.threadID = threadID
8 self.name = name
9 self.counter = counter
10 print("初始化完成")
11 def run(self): #由cpu來處理決定線程間的執行順序
12 threadLock.acquire() #獲得鎖,成功獲得鎖定後傳回True,可選的參數timeout不填時将一直阻塞直到獲得鎖定
13 print_time(self.name,self.counter,3)
14 threadLock.release() #釋放鎖,開始下一個線程
15
16 def print_time(threasName,counter,delay):
17 while counter:
18 time.sleep(delay)
19 print("%s:%s"%(threasName,time.ctime(time.time())))
20 counter -= 1
21
22 threadLock = threading.Lock()
23 threads = []
24
25 #建立線程
26 thread1 = Mythreading(1,"thread1",1)
27 thread2 = Mythreading(2,"thread2",2)
28
29 #開啟線程
30 thread1.start()
31 thread2.start()
32
33 # thread1.join()
34 # thread2.join()
35 threads.append(thread1)
36 threads.append(thread2)
37 for t in threads:
38 t.join() #後邊的代碼必須等待,等線程運作完成才會往後運作代碼
39
40 print("我的的花兒也謝了")
為什麼下圖左為串行,下圖右為并行運作呢?
圖左love啟動後分别執行start和join,啟動了join後邊代碼就需要等待前邊代碼運作完成。總共18s
圖右同時啟動love和hate,運作所需要執行的時間然後停止。總共10s
超級播放器示例,如下:
1 import threading
2 from time import sleep, ctime
3 def music(func):
4 for i in range(2):
5 print ("I was listening to %s! %s" %(func,ctime()))
6 sleep(4)
7 def move(func):
8 for i in range(2):
9 print ("I was at the %s! %s" %(func,ctime()))
10 sleep(5)
11
12 def player(name):
13 r = name.split('.')[1]
14 if r=="mp3":
15 music(name)
16 elif r=="mp4":
17 move(name)
18 else:
19 print("%s is error!"%name)
20
21 lists = ["love.mp3","hate.mp4","cuicui.mp3","nnnn.mp4"]
22
23 threads = []
24 files = range(len(lists))
25 for i in files:
26 t = threading.Thread(target=player,args=(lists[i],))
27 threads.append(t)
28
29 if __name__ == '__main__':
30 for i in files:
31 threads[i].start()
32 for i in files:
33 threads[i].join()
34 print ('all end: %s' %ctime())
5、生産者與消費者示例:
1 import threading
2 class Produce(threading.Thread):
3
4 def __init__(self,name):
5 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
6 self.name = name
7 def run(self):
8 global x
9 tt.acquire()
10 if x > 0 :
11
12 print("我不生産了")
13 else:
14 for i in range(5):
15 x += 1
16 print("%s在生産中,第%d個"%(self.name,x))
17 tt.release()
18
19 class Consume(threading.Thread):
20 def __init__(self,name):
21 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
22 self.name = name
23 def run(self):
24 global x
25 tt.acquire()
26 if x == 0:
27
28 print("我不消費了")
29 else:
30 for i in range(5):
31 x -= 1
32 print("%s在消費中,第%d個"%(self.name,x+1))
33 tt.release()
34 x = 0
35 tt = threading.Lock()
36 # tt = threading.Condition
37
38 p = Produce("produce")
39 c = Consume("consume")
40
41 p.start()
42 c.start()
43
44 p.join()
45 c.join()