背景
因為hadoop/hive本質上不支援更新,是以hive不能夠采用update行級别的次元資料的更新。可以采用的變通的方式。
- hive和hbase結合
我認為這是首選的方式,hbase本質上也是不支援行級更新,隻不過是追加行加上時間戳,然後取最新的時間戳的資料而已,但是對于我們來說是透明的。可以在hbase中建立一張表,然後在hive中也建立這張次元表,再hive中将這張表映射到hbase中,然後在hbase中按照行級别更新次元資料就簡單多了。在ETL中,往往從其他的線上的系統的資料庫中導出有更新的次元資訊,然後加載到hadoop,用MR更新到hbase的表,這樣就達到了更新hive中次元表的作用。
下面介紹下語句:
English Version:
Sqoop provides an incremental import mode which can be used to retrieve only rows newer than some previously-imported set of rows.
Argument | Description |
---|---|
| Specifies the column to be examined when determining which rows to import. (the column should not be of type CHAR/NCHAR/VARCHAR/VARNCHAR/ LONGVARCHAR/LONGNVARCHAR) |
| Specifies how Sqoop determines which rows are new. Legal values for include and . |
| Specifies the maximum value of the check column from the previous import. |
Sqoop supports two types of incremental imports:
append
and
lastmodified
. You can use the
--incremental
argument
to specify the type of incremental import to perform.
You should specify
append
mode
when importing a table where new rows are continually being added with
increasing row id values. You specify the column containing
the row’s id with
--check-column
. Sqoop imports rows where the check column has a value greater than the one specified with
--last-value
.
An alternate table update strategy supported by Sqoop is called
lastmodified
mode.
You should use this when rows of the source table may be updated, and
each
such update will set the value of a last-modified column to the current
timestamp. Rows where the check column holds a timestamp more recent
than the timestamp specified with
--last-value
are imported.
At the end of an incremental import, the value which should be specified as
--last-value
for a subsequent import is printed to the screen. When running a
subsequent import, you should specify
--last-value
in
this way to ensure you import only the new or updated data. This is
handled automatically by creating an incremental import as a saved job,
which
is the preferred mechanism for performing a recurring incremental
import. See the section on saved jobs later in this document for more
information.
翻譯:==================================
翻譯上述段落的意思其實不難了解,增量導入共有三個參數
第一個參數:
--check-column (col):控制增量的變量字段,這個字段最好不要是字元串類型的。比如說是time, id 等等字段。
第二個字段:
--incremental (mode):增加的模式選擇,共有兩個選擇一個是 append, 一個是lastmodified.
第三個字段:
--last-value (value): 根據第一個參數的變量,從哪裡開始導入,例如這個參數是 --last-value 0 那麼就從0開始導入。
加上其餘的語句如下:
sqoop import --connect
jdbc:mysql://ip:port/db --table tablename --hbase-table
namespace:tablename --column-family columnfamily --hbase-create-table
-username 'username' -password 'password' --incremental append
--check-column
'id' --last-value 0