6 ns-3其他子產品
6.1 網絡子產品
分組：傳遞的消息，模拟器基本對象。ns-3中每個分組包括一個位元組緩沖區和一個Tag清單，通過Header類和Trailer類對緩沖區資料進行添加和删除。
6.1.1 分組
6.1.3 分組接口
分組對象的公共成員函數
// 1. 構造函數
Packet();//用新的uid建立一個空分組，傳回getuid
Packet(uint32_t size);//size為0填充的有效載荷大小
// 2. 添加或删除緩沖區資料
void Add (Header const &header);// 為分組添加報頭，調用了ns3::Header::serializeTo()為報頭在資料分組緩沖區本身序列化。
void Peek (Header &header);
void Remove (Header const &header);
// 3. 添加或删除标簽Tags到分組
template <typename T> // 定義一個模闆，template為模闆關鍵字。<>内為參數清單，此處使用的是類型參數，用typename聲明。T可以使得函數在調用時決定是什麼類型（避免寫過多的重載函數）。
void AddTag (T const &tag);// 提高代碼效率，聲明為常量的引用
template <typename T>
bool RemoveTag (T &tag); // 從分組中删除标簽
template <typename T>
bool PeekTag (T &tag) const; // 複制一個存儲到内部的标簽，如果沒有這個标簽的執行個體，則輸入标簽将不會被更改。
void RemoveAllTags (void);// 删除所有存儲在這個資料分組中的标簽。比removeTag快。
// 4. 分組Fragmentation
Packet CreateFragment (uint32_t start, uint32_t length) const; // 建立一個新的資料分組，其中包含一個原始資料分組片段。傳回的資料分組共享相同的uid。
void addAtEnd (Packet packet); // 将輸入資料分組連接配接到目前資料分組的尾部。
void AddAtEnd (Packet packet, uint32_t offset, uint32_t size); // 輸入偏移量和尺寸參數。
void RemoveAtEnd (uint32_t size);
void RemoveAtStart (uint32_t size);
// 5. 其他Miscellaneous
uint32_t GetSize (void) const; // 傳回資料分組大小的位元組
uint8_t const *PeekData (void) const; //傳回指向資料分組内部緩沖區的指針
uint32_t GetUid (void) const;
6.1.4 執行個體程式
- src/network/examples/main-packet-header.cc
# include "ns3/ptr.h"
# include "ns3/packet.h"
# include "ns3/header.h"
# include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// 報頭執行個體定義
class MyHeader : public Header
{
public:
MyHeader (); // 構造函數聲明
virtual ~MyHeader (); // 析構函數聲明
void SetData (uint16_t data);
uint16_t GetData (void) const;
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
virtual TypeId
}
// 成員函數定義
- src/network/examples/main-packet-tag.cc
6.1.5 實作細節
6.2 Internet子產品
6.2.1 Internet協定棧
源代碼：src/Internet中
// 為節點添加協定棧（在配置設定IP位址之前）
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes);
包括兩層的協定元件：
-
Layer-3 protocols
IPv4L3Protocol類
- Layer-4 protocols
6.2.2 路由
6.2.3 TCP
6.3 網絡裝置子產品
6.3.1 PointToPoint 點到點
6.3.2 CSMA 有線區域網路
6.3.3 Wi-Fi 無線區域網路
6.4 應用層子產品
Application類：所有應用程式的基類，在src/network/model/application.h和application.cc中。
有多種應用程式：
- UdpClientServer 應用
- 基于UDP的應用程式。此子產品有4個類：SeqTsHeader類（設定、擷取UDP協定分組的頭）、UdpClient類（配置用戶端）、UdpServer類（配置伺服器端）和UdpTraceClient類（與UdpClient類相似，但UdpTraceClient類使用的是指定檔案作為資料流，UdpClient類使用系統自動給出的資料流）。
- 使用者直接使用的是Helper類，其頭檔案：udp-client-server-helper.h和udp-client-server-helper.cc，源代碼：ns-3.xx/src/applications/helper
- 例子：ns-3.xx/examples/udp-client-server/udp-client-server.cc
// Network topology
//
// n0 n1
// | |
// =======
// LAN (CSMA)
//
// - UDP flow from n0 to n1 of 1024 byte packets at intervals of 50 ms 在50ms内，節點n0給n1發1024位元組的資料包
// - maximum of 320 packets sent (or limited by simulation duration)
// - option to use IPv4 or IPv6 addressing
// - option to disable logging statements
#include <fstream>
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("UdpClientServerExample");
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
// Declare variables used in command-line arguments 使用指令行聲明變量
bool useV6 = false;
bool logging = true;
Address serverAddress;
CommandLine cmd (__FILE__);
cmd.AddValue ("useIpv6", "Use Ipv6", useV6);
cmd.AddValue ("logging", "Enable logging", logging);
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
if (logging)
{
LogComponentEnable ("UdpClient", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
LogComponentEnable ("UdpServer", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
}
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes in above topology.");
NodeContainer n;
n.Create (2);
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install (n);
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create channel between the two nodes.");
CsmaHelper csma;
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", DataRateValue (DataRate (5000000)));
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (MilliSeconds (2)));
csma.SetDeviceAttribute ("Mtu", UintegerValue (1400));
NetDeviceContainer d = csma.Install (n);
NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign IP Addresses.");
if (useV6 == false)
{
Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;
ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer i = ipv4.Assign (d);
serverAddress = Address (i.GetAddress (1));
}
else
{
Ipv6AddressHelper ipv6;
ipv6.SetBase ("2001:0000:f00d:cafe::", Ipv6Prefix (64));
Ipv6InterfaceContainer i6 = ipv6.Assign (d);
serverAddress = Address(i6.GetAddress (1,1));
}
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create UdpServer application on node 1.");
uint16_t port = 4000; // 定義無符号16bit變量，命名為端口号，值為4000
UdpServerHelper server (port); // 建立UdpServerHelper對象，命名為server，參數為port
ApplicationContainer apps = server.Install (n.Get (1)); // ApplicationContainer Install(NodeConstainer c)函數：将參數中的節點建立一個 UdpClientServer應用程式，并傳回一個應用程式容器ApplicationContainer。
apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create UdpClient application on node 0 to send to node 1.");
uint32_t MaxPacketSize = 1024;
Time interPacketInterval = Seconds (0.05);
uint32_t maxPacketCount = 320;
UdpClientHelper client (serverAddress, port); //建立UdpClientHelper對象。
client.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (maxPacketCount));
client.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (interPacketInterval));
client.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (MaxPacketSize));
apps = client.Install (n.Get (0));
apps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
NS_LOG_INFO ("Done.");
}
- UdpEcho程式
- Echo應答協定主要用于調試和檢測中，即收到什麼就原封發回。可以基于TCP協定，也可以使用UDP協定，檢測的端口都是7。
- UdpEcho應用程式是基于UDP，涉及兩個類：UdpEchoClient和UdpEchoServer。
- 對應的helper類：UdpEchoServerHelper和UdpEchoClientHelper。其頭檔案：udp-echo-helper.h和udp-echo-helper.cc，源代碼：ns-3.xx/src/applications/helper
- Radvd
- Ping6應用程式
- Ping: 用來檢測網絡是否通暢或網絡連接配接速度的指令。
- Ping6應用程式是基于IPv6的。
- Ping6類：class Ping6, class Ping6Helper
- 例子：ns-3.xx/examples/ipv6/ping6.cc
// Network topology
//
// n0 n1
// | |
// =================
// LAN
//
// - ICMPv6 echo request flows from n0 to n1 and back with ICMPv6 echo reply
// - DropTail queues
// - Tracing of queues and packet receptions to file "ping6.tr"
#include <fstream>
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-apps-module.h"
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("Ping6Example");
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
bool verbose = false;
CommandLine cmd (__FILE__);
cmd.AddValue ("verbose", "turn on log components", verbose);
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
if (verbose)
{
LogComponentEnable ("Ping6Example", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
LogComponentEnable ("Ipv6EndPointDemux", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Ipv6L3Protocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Ipv6StaticRouting", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Ipv6ListRouting", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Ipv6Interface", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Icmpv6L4Protocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("Ping6Application", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
LogComponentEnable ("NdiscCache", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
}
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");
NodeContainer n;
n.Create (4);
/* Install IPv4/IPv6 stack */
InternetStackHelper internetv6;
internetv6.SetIpv4StackInstall (false);
internetv6.Install (n);
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create channels.");
CsmaHelper csma;
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", DataRateValue (5000000));
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (MilliSeconds (2)));
NetDeviceContainer d = csma.Install (n);
Ipv6AddressHelper ipv6;
NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign IPv6 Addresses.");
Ipv6InterfaceContainer i = ipv6.Assign (d);
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Applications.");
/* Create a Ping6 application to send ICMPv6 echo request from node zero to
* all-nodes (ff02::1).
*/
uint32_t packetSize = 1024;
uint32_t maxPacketCount = 5;
Time interPacketInterval = Seconds (1.);
Ping6Helper ping6;
/*
ping6.SetLocal (i.GetAddress (0, 1));
ping6.SetRemote (i.GetAddress (1, 1));
*/
ping6.SetIfIndex (i.GetInterfaceIndex (0)); // GetInterfaceIndex(0) 擷取IPv6位址中0号節點位址作為ping程式的運作主機。
ping6.SetRemote (Ipv6Address::GetAllNodesMulticast ()); // GetAllNodesMulticast ()擷取所有主機的IP。ping6.SetRemote()設定Ping指令的參數，參數為區域網路内所有PC。
ping6.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (maxPacketCount));
ping6.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (interPacketInterval));
ping6.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (packetSize));
ApplicationContainer apps = ping6.Install (n.Get (0));
apps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
csma.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("ping6.tr"));
csma.EnablePcapAll (std::string ("ping6"), true);
NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
NS_LOG_INFO ("Done.");
}
- PacketSink子產品：接收資料包
- OnOffApplication
-
BulkSendApplication
學習方法：先看類及其Helper的定義API （ns-3.xx/src中，看.h檔案了解類的成員函數輸入輸出即可）->再看例子，了解腳本程式中如何使用（ns-3.xx/examples中）。
例子1：ns-3.xx/examples/tcp/tcp-star-sever.cc。使用了PacketSink和OnOffApplication子產品。
// Default Network topology, 9 nodes in a star
/*
n2 n3 n4
\ | /
\|/
n1---n0---n5
/| \
/ | \
n8 n7 n6
*/
// - CBR Traffic goes from the star "arms" to the "hub"
// - Tracing of queues and packet receptions to file
// "tcp-star-server.tr"
// - pcap traces also generated in the following files
// "tcp-star-server-$n-$i.pcap" where n and i represent node and interface numbers respectively
// Usage examples for things you might want to tweak:
// ./waf --run="tcp-star-server"
// ./waf --run="tcp-star-server --nNodes=25"
// ./waf --run="tcp-star-server --ns3::OnOffApplication::DataRate=10000"
// ./waf --run="tcp-star-server --ns3::OnOffApplication::PacketSize=500"
// See the ns-3 tutorial for more info on the command line:
// http://www.nsnam.org/tutorials.html
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h"
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("TcpServer");
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
// Users may find it convenient to turn on explicit debugging
// for selected modules; the below lines suggest how to do this
//LogComponentEnable ("TcpServer", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
//LogComponentEnable ("TcpL4Protocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
//LogComponentEnable ("TcpSocketImpl", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
//LogComponentEnable ("PacketSink", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
// Set up some default values for the simulation.
Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::PacketSize", UintegerValue (250));
Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::DataRate", StringValue ("5kb/s"));
uint32_t N = 9; //number of nodes in the star
// Allow the user to override any of the defaults and the above
// Config::SetDefault()s at run-time, via command-line arguments
CommandLine cmd (__FILE__);
cmd.AddValue ("nNodes", "Number of nodes to place in the star", N);
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Here, we will create N nodes in a star.
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");
NodeContainer serverNode;
NodeContainer clientNodes;
serverNode.Create (1);
clientNodes.Create (N-1);
NodeContainer allNodes = NodeContainer (serverNode, clientNodes);
// Install network stacks on the nodes
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install (allNodes);
//Collect an adjacency list of nodes for the p2p topology
std::vector<NodeContainer> nodeAdjacencyList (N-1);
for(uint32_t i=0; i<nodeAdjacencyList.size (); ++i)
{
nodeAdjacencyList[i] = NodeContainer (serverNode, clientNodes.Get (i));
}
// We create the channels first without any IP addressing information
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create channels.");
PointToPointHelper p2p;
p2p.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
p2p.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
std::vector<NetDeviceContainer> deviceAdjacencyList (N-1);
for(uint32_t i=0; i<deviceAdjacencyList.size (); ++i)
{
deviceAdjacencyList[i] = p2p.Install (nodeAdjacencyList[i]);
}
// Later, we add IP addresses.
NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign IP Addresses.");
Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;
std::vector<Ipv4InterfaceContainer> interfaceAdjacencyList (N-1);
for(uint32_t i=0; i<interfaceAdjacencyList.size (); ++i)
{
std::ostringstream subnet;
subnet<<"10.1."<<i+1<<".0";
ipv4.SetBase (subnet.str ().c_str (), "255.255.255.0");
interfaceAdjacencyList[i] = ipv4.Assign (deviceAdjacencyList[i]);
}
//Turn on global static routing
Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();
// Create a packet sink on the star "hub" to receive these packets
uint16_t port = 50000;
Address sinkLocalAddress (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper ("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", sinkLocalAddress); // 使用構造函數為中心節點hub建立應用程式，第一個參數為協定，第二個參數為IP位址。
ApplicationContainer sinkApp = sinkHelper.Install (serverNode);
sinkApp.Start (Seconds (1.0));
sinkApp.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Create the OnOff applications to send TCP to the server
OnOffHelper clientHelper ("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", Address ());
clientHelper.SetAttribute ("OnTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"));
clientHelper.SetAttribute ("OffTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"));
//normally wouldn't need a loop here but the server IP address is different
//on each p2p subnet
ApplicationContainer clientApps;
for(uint32_t i=0; i<clientNodes.GetN (); ++i)
{
AddressValue remoteAddress
(InetSocketAddress (interfaceAdjacencyList[i].GetAddress (0), port));
clientHelper.SetAttribute ("Remote", remoteAddress);
clientApps.Add (clientHelper.Install (clientNodes.Get (i)));
}
clientApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//configure tracing
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
p2p.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("tcp-star-server.tr"));
p2p.EnablePcapAll ("tcp-star-server");
NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
NS_LOG_INFO ("Done.");
return 0;
}
例子2：ns-3.xx/examples/tcp/tcp-bukl-send.cc。使用了PacketSink和 BulkSendApplication子產品。
/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation;
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
// Network topology
//
// n0 ----------- n1
// 500 Kbps
// 5 ms
//
// - Flow from n0 to n1 using BulkSendApplication.
// - Tracing of queues and packet receptions to file "tcp-bulk-send.tr"
// and pcap tracing available when tracing is turned on.
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/packet-sink.h"
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("TcpBulkSendExample");
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
bool tracing = false;
uint32_t maxBytes = 0;
//
// Allow the user to override any of the defaults at
// run-time, via command-line arguments
//
CommandLine cmd (__FILE__);
cmd.AddValue ("tracing", "Flag to enable/disable tracing", tracing);
cmd.AddValue ("maxBytes",
"Total number of bytes for application to send", maxBytes);
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
//
// Explicitly create the nodes required by the topology (shown above).
//
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (2);
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create channels.");
//
// Explicitly create the point-to-point link required by the topology (shown above).
//
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("500Kbps"));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("5ms"));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);
//
// Install the internet stack on the nodes
//
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install (nodes);
//
// We've got the "hardware" in place. Now we need to add IP addresses.
//
NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign IP Addresses.");
Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;
ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer i = ipv4.Assign (devices);
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Applications.");
//
// Create a BulkSendApplication and install it on node 0
//
uint16_t port = 9; // well-known echo port number
BulkSendHelper source ("ns3::TcpSocketFactory",
InetSocketAddress (i.GetAddress (1), port));
// Set the amount of data to send in bytes. Zero is unlimited.
source.SetAttribute ("MaxBytes", UintegerValue (maxBytes));
ApplicationContainer sourceApps = source.Install (nodes.Get (0));
sourceApps.Start (Seconds (0.0));
sourceApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//
// Create a PacketSinkApplication and install it on node 1
//
PacketSinkHelper sink ("ns3::TcpSocketFactory",
InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
ApplicationContainer sinkApps = sink.Install (nodes.Get (1));
sinkApps.Start (Seconds (0.0));
sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//
// Set up tracing if enabled
//
if (tracing)
{
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
pointToPoint.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("tcp-bulk-send.tr"));
pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("tcp-bulk-send", false);
}
//
// Now, do the actual simulation.
//
NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
NS_LOG_INFO ("Done.");
Ptr<PacketSink> sink1 = DynamicCast<PacketSink> (sinkApps.Get (0));
std::cout << "Total Bytes Received: " << sink1->GetTotalRx () << std::endl;
}
6.5 移動子產品
- 在ns-3中移動模型內建在可移動節點中，可使用GetObject<MobilityModel>()從已綁定模型的節點中提取移動模型。
- 所有的移動模型都是繼承ns3::MobilityModel類。
- 移動節點初始位置分布由PositionAllocator類負責。
- MobileHelper類把移動模型和位置配置設定整合在一起，進而友善為Node節點安裝移動模型。
- ns3::Vector類是坐标系統的基類。
ns3::MobilityModel類
- 所有移動模型的基類。追蹤物體目前的位置(m)和速度(m/s)
- 定義在src/mobility/model/mobility-model.h中
#ifndef MOBILITY_MODEL_H
#define MOBILITY_MODEL_H
#include "ns3/vector.h"
#include "ns3/object.h"
#include "ns3/traced-callback.h"
namespace ns3 {
class MobilityModel : public Object
{
public:
/**
* Register this type with the TypeId system.
* \return the object TypeId
*/
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
MobilityModel ();
virtual ~MobilityModel () = 0;
/**
* \return the current position
*/
Vector GetPosition (void) const;
/**
* \param position the position to set.
*/
void SetPosition (const Vector &position);
/**
* \return the current velocity.
*/
Vector GetVelocity (void) const;
/**
* \param position a reference to another mobility model
* \return the distance between the two objects. Unit is meters.
*/
double GetDistanceFrom (Ptr<const MobilityModel> position) const;
/**
* \param other reference to another object's mobility model
* \return the relative speed between the two objects. Unit is meters/s.
*/
double GetRelativeSpeed (Ptr<const MobilityModel> other) const;
/**
* Assign a fixed random variable stream number to the random variables
* used by this model. Return the number of streams (possibly zero) that
* have been assigned.
*
* \param stream first stream index to use
* \return the number of stream indices assigned by this model
*/
int64_t AssignStreams (int64_t stream);
/**
* TracedCallback signature.
*
* \param [in] model Value of the MobilityModel.
*/
typedef void (* TracedCallback)(Ptr<const MobilityModel> model);
protected:
/**
* Must be invoked by subclasses when the course of the
* position changes to notify course change listeners.
*/
void NotifyCourseChange (void) const;
private:
/**
* \return the current position.
*
* Concrete subclasses of this base class must
* implement this method.
*/
virtual Vector DoGetPosition (void) const = 0;
/**
* \param position the position to set.
*
* Concrete subclasses of this base class must
* implement this method.
*/
virtual void DoSetPosition (const Vector &position) = 0;
/**
* \return the current velocity.
*
* Concrete subclasses of this base class must
* implement this method.
*/
virtual Vector DoGetVelocity (void) const = 0;
/**
* The default implementation does nothing but return the passed-in
* parameter. Subclasses using random variables are expected to
* override this.
* \param start starting stream index
* \return the number of streams used
*/
virtual int64_t DoAssignStreams (int64_t start);
/**
* Used to alert subscribers that a change in direction, velocity,
* or position has occurred.
*/
ns3::TracedCallback<Ptr<const MobilityModel> > m_courseChangeTrace;
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif /* MOBILITY_MODEL_H */
移動模型的使用。
例子1：third.cc
MobilityHelper mobility; // 用MobilityHelper類聲明對象mobility
mobility.SetPositionAllocator ("ns3::GridPositionAllocator", // 設定初始位置的方案。包括：ListPositionAllocator(自定義節點的初始位置清單)、GridPositionAllocator(根據表格形式為節點初始化位置)、RandomRectanglePositionAllocator(給出随機矩陣初始化節點位置)、RandomBoxPositionAllocator(給出一個随機立體矩形配置設定方案)
"MinX", DoubleValue (0.0),
"MinY", DoubleValue (0.0),
"DeltaX", DoubleValue (5.0),
"DeltaY", DoubleValue (10.0),
"GridWidth", UintegerValue (3),
"LayoutType", StringValue ("RowFirst")); // 調用SetPositionAllocator()函數初始化節點的初始位置
mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::RandomWalk2dMobilityModel",
"Bounds", RectangleValue (Rectangle (-50, 50, -50, 50))); // 調用SetMobilityModel()設定要使用的移動模型
mobility.Install (wifiStaNodes); // 将準備好的移動模型安裝到每一個節點上
mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
mobility.Install (wifiApNode);
例子2: src/mobility/examples/main-random-walk.cc
6.6 能量子產品
現實中，無線裝置會消耗能量。仿真中，需要确定節點或網絡的能量消耗，是以需要ns-3對能量消耗模組化。
6.6.1 模型描述
ns-3能量子產品由兩部分組成：能量資源（電池、瓦斯）、裝置能量模型（每個裝置有多種狀态，每個狀态帶有一個功耗值）。
6.6.2 用法
與ns-3能量子產品互動：通過助手API和公開的子產品屬性。
使用子產品先為節點安裝能量資源，為網絡裝置安裝相應的裝置能量模型。
例子：src/examples/energy和examples/energy。
- 助手
- 屬性
- 跟蹤
- 驗證
6.6.3 示例
- ns-3.xx/src/energy/examples/li-ion-energy-source.cc
/*
* Author: Andrea Sacco <[email protected]>
*/
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/simulator.h"
#include "ns3/command-line.h"
#include "ns3/simple-device-energy-model.h"
#include "ns3/li-ion-energy-source.h"
#include "ns3/energy-source-container.h"
using namespace ns3;
/**
* In this simple example, we show how to create and drain energy from a
* LiIonEnergySource. 锂離子能源的建立和消耗
* We make a series of discharge calls to the energy source class with
* different current drain and duration until all the energy is depleted
* from the cell. 我們對具有不同電流消耗和持續時間的能源類進行一系列放電調用，直到所有能量從電池中耗盡
*
* Every 20 seconds it is printed out the actual cell voltage to verify
* that it follows the discharge curve of the datasheet [1]. 每20s列印電池電壓，證明符合資料表1的放電曲線
*
* At the end of the example it is verified that after the energy depletion
* call, the cell voltage is below the threshold voltage. 電壓低于門檻值時，能量停止調用
*
* References:
* [1] Panasonic CGR18650DA Datasheet, http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/includes/pdf/Panasonic_LiIon_CGR18650DA.pdf
*/
static void
PrintCellInfo (Ptr<LiIonEnergySource> es)
{
std::cout << "At " << Simulator::Now ().As (Time::S) << " Cell voltage: " << es->GetSupplyVoltage () << " V Remaining Capacity: " <<
es->GetRemainingEnergy () / (3.6 * 3600) << " Ah" << std::endl;
if (!Simulator::IsFinished ())
{
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (20),
&PrintCellInfo,
es);
}
}
int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
CommandLine cmd (__FILE__);
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// uncomment below to see the energy consumption details
// LogComponentEnable ("LiIonEnergySource", LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG);
Ptr<Node> node = CreateObject<Node> (); // 生成節點
Ptr<SimpleDeviceEnergyModel> sem = CreateObject<SimpleDeviceEnergyModel> ();
Ptr<EnergySourceContainer> esCont = CreateObject<EnergySourceContainer> ();
Ptr<LiIonEnergySource> es = CreateObject<LiIonEnergySource> ();
esCont->Add (es);
es->SetNode (node);
sem->SetEnergySource (es);
es->AppendDeviceEnergyModel (sem);
sem->SetNode (node);
node->AggregateObject (esCont);
Time now = Simulator::Now ();
// discharge at 2.33 A for 1700 seconds
sem->SetCurrentA (2.33);
now += Seconds (1701);
// discharge at 4.66 A for 628 seconds
Simulator::Schedule (now,
&SimpleDeviceEnergyModel::SetCurrentA,
sem,
4.66);
now += Seconds (600);
PrintCellInfo (es);
Simulator::Stop (now);
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
// the cell voltage should be under 3.3v
DoubleValue v;
es->GetAttribute ("ThresholdVoltage", v);
NS_ASSERT (es->GetSupplyVoltage () <= v.Get ());
}
# 運作
./waf --run li-ion-energy-source
# 結果
At 0 Cell voltage : 4.05 V Remaining Capacity : 2.45 Ah
...
6.7 添加子產品
6.7.1 生成新子產品
6.7.2 添加新子產品
7 示例
7.1 first.cc
位置：ns-3.xx/examples/tutorial/
//0. Emacs模式行，解釋代碼的預定格式（GNU，General Public License許可）
/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation;
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
//1.頭檔案
#include "ns3/core-module.h" //all header file is at build/ns3
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/netanim-module.h"
// 在兩個節點間建立一個簡單的點到點通信
// Default Network Topology
//
// 10.1.1.0
// n0 -------------- n1
// point-to-point
//
//2.命名空間
using namespace ns3; //if is not at namespace ns3, add xx:: ，e.g. Time::NS, std::cout, std::min()
//3.定義日志LOG子產品（允許腳本使用log系統中的宏定義列印輔助資訊）
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("FirstScriptExample");
//4.主函數
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;//在指令行中可以輸入參數，例如sudo ./waf --run "hello-simulator --numbers=5"
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);//讀取指令行參數
Time::SetResolution (Time::NS);//最小單元時間，毫秒
//将”UdpEcho”應用程式的用戶端和伺服器端日志級别設為”INFO”級。即當仿真産生資料分組發送和接收時，對應應用就會輸出相應的日志消息到相關的日志子產品。
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoClientApplication",LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
//5.建立網絡拓撲
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (2); //建立兩個網絡節點，通路：nodes.Get (0)、 nodes.Get (1)
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint; //建立p2p助手類
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));//設定裝置屬性——裝置的傳輸速率
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
NetDeviceContainer devices;//建立網絡裝置
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);// pointToPoint.Install (nodes)函數建立了兩個p2p網絡裝置對象也一個p2p信道對象，并将它們連接配接一塊。
//6. 安裝TCP/IP協定棧
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes);//為nodes容器中的節點安裝TCP/IP協定棧，主要是IP層
Ipv4AddressHelper address;//為網絡裝置配置設定IP位址，拓撲助手管理IP位址的配置設定
address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");//設定起始位址，子網路遮罩
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);//把生成的ip位址配置設定給每個裝置（位址從1開始，單調遞增，即10.1.1.1、10.1.1.2）
//7. 安裝應用程式
//伺服器端
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);//服務端監聽端口為9
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (1));// echoServer.Install()方法把echoServer 應用安裝在1号節點，并用ApplicationContainer記錄
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));//設定application在第1s開始運作
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));//第10s結束
//用戶端
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (1), 9);//用戶端助手類UdpEchoClientHelper在0号節點建立應用echoClient，屬性：連接配接到1号ip位址和端口
echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1));//模拟期間，可發送的最大分組個數1
echoClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.0))); //分組發送間隔1s
echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (1024));//分組負載位元組大小，1024bit
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));//模拟啟動後2s節點0向節點1的9号端口發一個1024bit的UDP資料包，第10s結束
//this is set for visualization (NetAnim)
AnimationInterface anim("first.xml");
anim.SetConstantPosition(nodes.Get(0), 1.0, 2.0);
anim.SetConstantPosition(nodes.Get(1), 2.0, 3.0);
//8. 啟動與結束
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
7.2 second.cc
/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation;
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
// 運作指令，在ns-3.29下
// cp examples/tutorial/second.cc scratch/second.cc
// ./waf --run second
// ./waf --run second --vis # 可視化
// ./waf --run “second -- nCsma=100” --vis # 區域網路中節點數3->101
//1.頭檔案
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h"
//仿真拓撲圖，有兩種網絡：p2p網絡和CSMA網絡，分别有2個和4個節點。其中n1上安裝有兩種NetDevice，i.e. p2p和csma。n0通過n1與n4通信。
// Default Network Topology
//
// 10.1.1.0
// n0 -------------- n1 n2 n3 n4
// point-to-point | | | |
// ================
// LAN 10.1.2.0
//2.命名空間
using namespace ns3;
//3.定義LOG子產品
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("SecondScriptExample");
//4.主函數
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
bool verbose = true;//定義變量，決定是否開啟2個applications的logging元件；預設true開啟
uint32_t nCsma = 3;//LAN中另外有3個node
//使用指令行聲明nCsma變量
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue ("nCsma", "Number of \"extra\" CSMA nodes/devices", nCsma);//添加指令行參數。nCsma變量表示，CSMA節點數目
cmd.AddValue ("verbose", "Tell echo applications to log if true", verbose);
cmd.Parse (argc,argv);//讀取指令行參數
if (verbose)
{
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoClientApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO); //列印UdpEchoClientApplication元件資訊
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO); //列印UdpEchoServerApplication元件資訊
}
nCsma = nCsma == 0 ? 1 : nCsma;
//5.建立網絡拓撲
NodeContainer p2pNodes;
p2pNodes.Create (2);//建立兩個p2p型節點，n0----n1
NodeContainer csmaNodes;
csmaNodes.Add (p2pNodes.Get (1));//n1節點既是p2p節點，又是csma節點
csmaNodes.Create (nCsma);//建立額外的nCsma個csma節點，n2,n3,n4
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;//p2p助手類，設定裝置和信道屬性
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));//設定裝置傳輸速率為5Mbps
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));//設定信道延遲為2ms
NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices; //建立p2p網絡裝置
p2pDevices = pointToPoint.Install (p2pNodes); //把p2p網絡裝置分别安裝在節點n0和n1上，然後共同連接配接至同一信道對象
CsmaHelper csma;//csma助手類，設定csma信道屬性
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("100Mbps"));//設定傳輸速率為100Mbps
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (NanoSeconds (6560)));//設定信道延遲為6560ns
NetDeviceContainer csmaDevices;//建立csma網絡裝置
csmaDevices = csma.Install (csmaNodes);//連接配接節點與信道
//6.安裝協定棧和配置設定ip位址
InternetStackHelper stack;//為每個節點安裝協定棧
stack.Install (p2pNodes.Get (0));
stack.Install (csmaNodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");//為p2p網絡裝置配置設定ip位址，起始位址為10.1.1.0，終止位址為10.1.1.254
Ipv4InterfaceContainer p2pInterfaces;
p2pInterfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);
address.SetBase ("10.1.2.0", "255.255.255.0");//為csma網絡裝置配置設定ip位址，起始位址為10.1.2.0，終止位址為10.1.2.254
Ipv4InterfaceContainer csmaInterfaces;
csmaInterfaces = address.Assign (csmaDevices);
//7.安裝應用程式
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);//監聽9号端口
//配置服務端屬性
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (csmaNodes.Get (nCsma));//使用Install方法将echoServer安裝在節點n4(n3?)上，application在第1s開始運作并接受9号端口資料，在第10s結束。
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//配置用戶端屬性
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (csmaInterfaces.GetAddress (nCsma), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1));//最大發送分組個數，1
echoClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));//分組發送間隔1s
echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (1024));//資料包大小，1024bit
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (p2pNodes.Get (0));//使用install方法将echoClient安裝在節點n0上。Application在模拟，第2s開始運作，并接受9号端口的資料，在第10s停止。
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//8.設定全局路由
Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();
//9.資料追蹤
//開啟P2PHelper類對象的pacp，second為儲存檔案的字首名。
pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("second");//EnablePcapAll (“second”)函數的作用是收集這個信道上所有結點鍊路層分組收發記錄。記錄檔案格式是pcap，”second”是檔案名字首。
//開啟csmaHelper類對象的pcap，使用CSMA網段索引為1的裝置（第二個）進行sniff，True開啟Promiscuous mode
csma.EnablePcap ("second", csmaDevices.Get (1), true);//記錄了一個有線節點中CSMA網絡裝置的分組收發資訊
//10.啟動與結束
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
運作後上層檔案産生3個跟蹤檔案：
second-0-0.pcap表示點到點網絡裝置上節點0、裝置0的跟蹤檔案。檢視其檔案内容：
# 指令
tcpdump -nn -tt -r second-0-0.pcap
# 輸出
reading from file second-0-0.pcap, link-type PPP (PPP) # 鍊路類型為PPP
2.000000 IP 10.1.1.1.49153 > 10.1.2.4.9: UDP, length 1024 # 資料分組從節點0(IP:10.1.1.1, port:49153)發出，到達節點4(IP:10.1.2.4, port:9)
2.007607 IP 10.1.2.4.9 > 10.1.1.1.49153: UDP, length 1024
# 指令
tcpdump -nn -tt -r second-2-0.pcap
# 輸出
reading from file second-2-0.pcap, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet) # 鍊路類型為以太網，需要ARP位址解析協定
2.003698 ARP, Request who-has 10.1.2.4 (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) tell 10.1.2.1, length 50 # 先在CSMA網絡(ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)廣播找IP為10.1.2.4的裝置 （節點2不直接參與交流，但嗅探網絡并報告所有流量）
2.003710 ARP, Reply 10.1.2.4 is-at 00:00:00:00:00:06, length 50
2.003803 IP 10.1.1.1.49153 > 10.1.2.4.9: UDP, length 1024
2.003815 ARP, Request who-has 10.1.2.1 (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) tell 10.1.2.4, length 50 # 伺服器給用戶端回話，知道其位址在另一個網絡（IP：10.1.2.1）上，這是因為初始化了全局路由。但回顯伺服器節點不知道第一個CSMA節點的MAC位址，是以它發了ARP。
2.003710 ARP, Reply 10.1.2.1 is-at 00:00:00:00:00:03, length 50
2.007607 IP 10.1.2.4.9 > 10.1.1.1.49153: UDP, length 1024
7.3 third.cc
//1. 頭檔案
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-module.h"
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/yans-wifi-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ssid.h"
//網絡場景，包括了p2p、CSMA有線網絡、WIFI無線網絡的混合場景
// Default Network Topology
// n0: 無線網絡的接入點AP。n5,n6,n7：連接配接到無線網絡的終端STA。
//
// Wifi 10.1.3.0
// AP
// * * * *
// | | | | 10.1.1.0
// n5 n6 n7 n0 -------------- n1 n2 n3 n4
// point-to-point | | | |
// ================
// LAN 10.1.2.0
//2.命名空間
using namespace ns3;
//3.定義記錄元件
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("ThirdScriptExample");
//4.主函數
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
bool verbose = true;
uint32_t nCsma = 3;
uint32_t nWifi = 3;
bool tracing = false;
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue ("nCsma", "Number of \"extra\" CSMA nodes/devices", nCsma);
cmd.AddValue ("nWifi", "Number of wifi STA devices", nWifi);
cmd.AddValue ("verbose", "Tell echo applications to log if true", verbose);
cmd.AddValue ("tracing", "Enable pcap tracing", tracing);
cmd.Parse (argc,argv);
// The underlying restriction of 18 is due to the grid position
// allocator's configuration; the grid layout will exceed the
// bounding box if more than 18 nodes are provided.
if (nWifi > 18)
{
std::cout << "nWifi should be 18 or less; otherwise grid layout exceeds the bounding box" << std::endl;
return 1;
}
if (verbose)
{//列印指定LOG元件資訊
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoClientApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
}
//5.建立網絡拓撲
// 建立2個節點用于連接配接點對點鍊路
NodeContainer p2pNodes;
p2pNodes.Create (2);
// 執行個體化PointToPointHelper，并設定相關預設屬性
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
// 在節點和信道間安裝裝置
NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices;
p2pDevices = pointToPoint.Install (p2pNodes);
// 聲明NodeContainer，放置CSMA網絡的一部分節點，在點到點的節點容器中得到第一個節點，把它加入到CSMA裝置的節點容器中。
NodeContainer csmaNodes;
csmaNodes.Add (p2pNodes.Get (1));
csmaNodes.Create (nCsma);
// 執行個體化CsmaHelper，并設定屬性
CsmaHelper csma;
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("100Mbps"));
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (NanoSeconds (6560)));
// 建立NetDeviceContainer與CSMA網絡裝置同步，安裝到CSMA裝置到選擇節點上。
NetDeviceContainer csmaDevices;
csmaDevices = csma.Install (csmaNodes);
// 建立節點，成為無線網絡一部分
NodeContainer wifiStaNodes;
wifiStaNodes.Create (nWifi);
NodeContainer wifiApNode = p2pNodes.Get (0);
// 建構無線裝置與無線節點之間的互連通道。
// 首先要配置PHY和通道助手
YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();//預設傳播延遲模型，預設損耗模型
YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();//預設誤碼率模型
phy.SetChannel (channel.Create ());
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetRemoteStationManager ("ns3::AarfWifiManager");// wifiRemoteStationManager主要用于wifi的速率控制（rate control）
WifiMacHelper mac;
Ssid = Ssid ("ns-3-ssid");
mac.SetType ("ns3::StaWifiMac",//移動節點
"Ssid", SsidValue (ssid),
"ActiveProbing", BooleanValue (false));
NetDeviceContainer staDevices;//安裝移動節點
staDevices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, wifiStaNodes);
mac.SetType ("ns3::ApWifiMac",//AP節點
"Ssid", SsidValue (ssid));
NetDeviceContainer apDevices;//為AP節點安裝應用
apDevices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, wifiApNode);
MobilityHelper mobility;//移動模型助手類
mobility.SetPositionAllocator ("ns3::GridPositionAllocator",
"MinX", DoubleValue (0.0),//起點坐标(0.0,0.0)
"MinY", DoubleValue (0.0),
"DeltaX", DoubleValue (5.0),//x軸節點間距：5m
"DeltaY", DoubleValue (10.0), //y軸節點間距：10m
"GridWidth", UintegerValue (3),//每行最大節點數
"LayoutType", StringValue ("RowFirst"));
mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::RandomWalk2dMobilityModel",
"Bounds", RectangleValue (Rectangle (-50, 50, -50, 50)));
mobility.Install (wifiStaNodes);//為AP節點設定移動模型
mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
mobility.Install (wifiApNode);
//6.安裝TCP/IP協定族
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (csmaNodes);
stack.Install (wifiApNode);
stack.Install (wifiStaNodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer p2pInterfaces;
p2pInterfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);
address.SetBase ("10.1.2.0", "255.255.255.0");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer csmaInterfaces;
csmaInterfaces = address.Assign (csmaDevices);
address.SetBase ("10.1.3.0", "255.255.255.0");
address.Assign (staDevices);
address.Assign (apDevices);
//7.安裝應用程式
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (csmaNodes.Get (nCsma));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (csmaInterfaces.GetAddress (nCsma), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps =
echoClient.Install (wifiStaNodes.Get (nWifi - 1));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//8.設定路由
Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//9.資料追蹤
if (tracing == true)
{
pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("third");
phy.EnablePcap ("third", apDevices.Get (0));
csma.EnablePcap ("third", csmaDevices.Get (0), true);
}
//10.啟動與結束
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}