「A-level經濟——通貨膨脹」#alevel##alevel經濟#
定義 Definition – Inflation is a sustained rise in the cost of living and average price level. 通貨膨脹是生活成本和平均價格水準的持續上升。
Causes Inflation 通貨膨脹的原因 – Inflation is caused by excess demand in the economy, a rise in costs of production, rapid growth in the money supply. 通貨膨脹是由經濟中的過剩需求，生産成本的上升，貨币供應量的快速增長引起的。
Costs of Inflation 通貨膨脹的成本 – Inflation causes decline in value of savings, uncertainty, confusion and can lead to lower investment. 通貨膨脹導緻儲蓄價值下降，不确定性，混亂，并可能導緻投資減少。
Measuring Inflation 衡量通貨膨脹 – Inflation is measured by CPI and RPI. It is calculated by finding a typical basket of goods. Giving a weighting to goods and measuring price changes every year. 通貨膨脹是由CPI和RPI來衡量的。它是通過尋找一籃子典型商品來計算的。給予商品一個權重并測量每年的價格變化。
Problems measuring inflation 衡量通貨膨脹的問題 – why it can be hard to measure inflation with changing goods. 為什麼随着商品的變化，很難衡量通貨膨脹。
Different types of inflation 不同類型的通貨膨脹 – cost-push inflation, demand-pull inflation, wage-price spiral, 成本推動型通貨膨脹，需求拉動型通貨膨脹，工資-價格螺旋。
How to solve inflation. Policies to reduce inflation, including monetary policy, fiscal policy and supply-side policies. 如何解決通貨膨脹。降低通貨膨脹的政策，包括貨币政策、财政政策和供應方政策。
Trade off between inflation and unemployment. Is there a trade-off between the two, as Phillips Curve suggests? 通貨膨脹和失業之間的權衡。這兩者之間是否存在菲利普斯曲線所暗示的權衡？
The relationship between inflation and the exchange rate – Why high inflation can lead to a depreciation in the exchange rate. 通貨膨脹與匯率之間的關系--為什麼高通貨膨脹會導緻匯率貶值。
What should the inflation target be? – Why do government typically target inflation of 2% 通貨膨脹的目标應該是什麼？- 為什麼政府通常以2%的通脹率為目标
Deflation 通貨緊縮 – why falling prices can lead to negative economic growth. 為什麼價格下跌會導緻經濟負增長。
Monetarist Theory 貨币主義理論 – Monetarist theory of inflation emphasises the role of the money supply. 貨币主義的通貨膨脹理論強調了貨币供應量的作用。
Criticisms of Monetarism 對貨币主義的批評 – A look at whether the monetarist theory holds up to real-world scenarios. 看看貨币主義理論在現實世界的情況下是否站得住腳。
Money Supply 貨币供應量 – What the money supply is. 貨币供應量是什麼。
