接觸python一段時間了,最近要用py做個 監控功能,需要解析crontab中的配置資訊, 本想偷懶一下,直接 百度/谷哥出來,無奈半天沒找着,隻好自己寫一個,實作代碼及使用 執行個體如下,望各位路過的大蝦大神不吝賜教,能指點得到更優的處理辦法:
#/usr/bin/env python
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
# Copyright (c) 2013 stephen <[email protected]>
# All rights reserved
"""
1.解析 crontab 配置檔案中的五個數間參數(分 時 日 月 周),擷取他們對應的取值範圍
2.将時間戳與crontab配置中一行時間參數對比,判斷該時間戳是否在配置設定的時間範圍内
"""
#$Id $
import re, time, sys
def get_struct_time(time_stamp_int):
____"""
____按整型時間戳擷取格式化時間 分 時 日 月 周
____Args:
________time_stamp_int 為傳入的值為時間戳(×××),如:1332888820
________經過localtime轉換後變成
________time.struct_time(tm_year=2012, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=6, tm_min=53, tm_sec=40, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=88, tm_isdst=0)
____Return:
________list____傳回 分 時 日 月 周
____"""
____st_time = time.localtime(time_stamp_int)
____return [st_time.tm_min, st_time.tm_hour, st_time.tm_mday, st_time.tm_mon, st_time.tm_wday]
def get_strptime(time_str, str_format):
____"""從字元串擷取 整型時間戳
____Args:
________time_str 字元串類型的時間戳 如 '31/Jul/2013:17:46:01'
________str_format 指定 time_str 的格式 如 '%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S'
____Return:
________傳回10位整型(int)時間戳,如 1375146861
____"""
____return int(time.mktime(time.strptime(time_str, str_format)))
def get_str_time(time_stamp, str_format='%Y%m%d%H%M'):
____"""
____擷取時間戳,
____Args:
________time_stamp 10位整型(int)時間戳,如 1375146861
________str_format 指定傳回格式,值類型為 字元串 str
____Rturn:
________傳回格式 預設為 年月日時分,如2013年7月9日1時3分 :201207090103
____"""
____return time.strftime("%s" % str_format, time.localtime(time_stamp))
def match_cont(patten, cont):
____"""
____正則比對(精确符合的比對)
____Args:
________patten 正規表達式
________cont____ 比對内容
____Return:
________True or False
____"""
____res = re.match(patten, cont)
____if res:
________return True
____else:
________return False
def handle_num(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()):
____"""處理純數字"""
____val = int(val)
____if val >= ranges[0] and val <= ranges[1]:
________res.append(val)
____return res
def handle_nlist(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()):
____"""處理數字清單 如 1,2,3,6"""
____val_list = val.split(',')
____for tmp_val in val_list:
________tmp_val = int(tmp_val)
________if tmp_val >= ranges[0] and tmp_val <= ranges[1]:
____________res.append(tmp_val)
____return res
def handle_star(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()):
____"""處理星号"""
____if val == '*':
________tmp_val = ranges[0]
________while tmp_val <= ranges[1]:
____________res.append(tmp_val)
____________tmp_val = tmp_val + 1
____return res
def handle_starnum(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()):
____"""星号/數字 組合 如 */3"""
____tmp = val.split('/')
____val_step = int(tmp[1])
____if val_step < 1:
________return res
____val_tmp = int(tmp[1])
____while val_tmp <= ranges[1]:
________res.append(val_tmp)
________val_tmp = val_tmp + val_step
____return res
def handle_range(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()):
____"""處理區間 如 8-20"""
____tmp = val.split('-')
____range1 = int(tmp[0])
____range2 = int(tmp[1])
____tmp_val = range1
____if range1 < 0:
________return res
____while tmp_val <= range2 and tmp_val <= ranges[1]:
________res.append(tmp_val)
________tmp_val = tmp_val + 1
____return res
def handle_rangedv(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()):
____"""處理區間/步長 組合 如 8-20/3 """
____tmp = val.split('/')
____range2 = tmp[0].split('-')
____val_start = int(range2[0])
____val_end = int(range2[1])
____val_step = int(tmp[1])
____if (val_step < 1) or (val_start < 0):
________return res
____val_tmp = val_start
____while val_tmp <= val_end and val_tmp <= ranges[1]:
________res.append(val_tmp)
________val_tmp = val_tmp + val_step
____return res
def parse_conf(conf, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()):
____"""解析crontab 五個時間參數中的任意一個"""
____#去除空格,再拆分
____conf = conf.strip(' ').strip(' ')
____conf_list = conf.split(',')
____other_conf = []
____number_conf = []
____for conf_val in conf_list:
________if match_cont(PATTEN['number'], conf_val):
____________#記錄拆分後的純數字參數
____________number_conf.append(conf_val)
________else:
____________#記錄拆分後純數字以外的參數,如通配符 * , 區間 0-8, 及 0-8/3 之類
____________other_conf.append(conf_val)
____if other_conf:
________#處理純數字外各種參數
________for conf_val in other_conf:
____________for key, ptn in PATTEN.items():
________________if match_cont(ptn, conf_val):
____________________res = PATTEN_HANDLER[key](val=conf_val, ranges=ranges, res=res)
____if number_conf:
________if len(number_conf) > 1 or other_conf:
____________#純數字多于1,或純數字與其它參數共存,則數字作為時間清單
____________res = handle_nlist(val=','.join(number_conf), ranges=ranges, res=res)
________else:
____________#隻有一個純數字存在,則數字為時間 間隔
____________res = handle_num(val=number_conf[0], ranges=ranges, res=res)
____return res
def parse_crontab_time(conf_string):
____"""
____解析crontab時間配置參數
____Args:
________conf_string____ 配置内容(共五個值:分 時 日 月 周)
________________________ 取值範圍 分鐘:0-59 小時:1-23 日期:1-31 月份:1-12 星期:0-6(0表示周日)
____Return:
________crontab_range____list格式,分 時 日 月 周 五個傳入參數分别對應的取值範圍
____"""
____time_limit____= ((0, 59), (1, 23), (1, 31), (1, 12), (0, 6))
____crontab_range = []
____clist________ = []
____conf_length = 5
____tmp_list____ = conf_string.split(' ')
____for val in tmp_list:
________if len(clist) == conf_length:
____________break
________if val:
____________clist.append(val)
____
____if len(clist) != conf_length:
________return -1, 'config error whith [%s]' % conf_string
____cindex = 0
____for conf in clist:
________res_conf = []
________res_conf = parse_conf(conf, ranges=time_limit[cindex], res=res_conf)
________if not res_conf:
____________return -1, 'config error whith [%s]' % conf_string
________crontab_range.append(res_conf)
________cindex = cindex + 1
____return 0, crontab_range
def time_match_crontab(crontab_time, time_struct):
____"""
____将時間戳與crontab配置中一行時間參數對比,判斷該時間戳是否在配置設定的時間範圍内
____Args:
________crontab_time____crontab配置中的五個時間(分 時 日 月 周)參數對應時間取值範圍
________time_struct____ 某個整型時間戳,如:1375027200 對應的 分 時 日 月 周
____Return:
________tuple 狀态碼, 狀态描述
____"""
____cindex = 0
____for val in time_struct:
________if val not in crontab_time[cindex]:
____________return 0, False
________cindex = cindex + 1
____return 0, True
def close_to_cron(crontab_time, time_struct):
____"""coron的指定範圍(crontab_time)中 最接近 指定時間 time_struct 的值"""
____close_time = time_struct
____cindex = 0
____for val_struct in time_struct:
________offset_min = val_struct
________val_close = val_struct
________for val_cron in crontab_time[cindex]:
____________offset_tmp = val_struct - val_cron
____________if offset_tmp > 0 and offset_tmp < offset_min:
________________val_close = val_struct
________________offset_min = offset_tmp
________close_time[cindex] = val_close
________cindex = cindex + 1
____return close_time
def cron_time_list(
________cron_time,
________year_num=int(get_str_time(time.time(), "%Y")),
________limit_start=get_str_time(time.time(), "%Y%m%d%H%M"),
________limit_end=get_str_time(time.time() + 86400, "%Y%m%d%H%M")
____):
____#print "\nfrom ", limit_start , ' to ' ,limit_end
____"""
____擷取crontab時間配置參數取值範圍内的所有時間點 的 時間戳
____Args:
________cron_time 符合crontab配置指定的所有時間點
________year_num____指定在哪一年内 擷取
________limit_start 開始時間
____Rturn:
________List________所有時間點組成的清單(年月日時分 組成的時間,如2013年7月29日18時56分:201307291856)
____"""
____#按小時 和 分鐘組裝
____hour_minute = []
____for minute in cron_time[0]:
________minute = str(minute)
________if len(minute) < 2:
____________minute = '0%s' % minute
________for hour in cron_time[1]:
____________hour = str(hour)
____________if len(hour) < 2:
________________hour = '0%s' % hour
____________hour_minute.append('%s%s' % (hour, minute))
____#按天 和 小時組裝
____day_hm = []
____for day in cron_time[2]:
________day = str(day)
________if len(day) < 2:
____________day = '0%s' % day
________for hour_mnt in hour_minute:
____________day_hm.append('%s%s' % (day, hour_mnt))
____#按月 和 天組裝
____month_dhm = []
____#隻有30天的月份
____month_short = ['02', '04', '06', '09', '11']
____for month in cron_time[3]:
________month = str(month)
________if len(month) < 2:
____________month = '0%s' % month
________for day_hm_s in day_hm:
____________if month == '02':
________________if (((not year_num % 4 ) and (year_num % 100)) or (not year_num % 400)):
____________________#閏年2月份有29天
____________________if int(day_hm_s[:2]) > 29:
________________________continue
________________else:
____________________#其它2月份有28天
____________________if int(day_hm_s[:2]) > 28:
________________________continue
____________if month in month_short:
________________if int(day_hm_s[:2]) > 30:
____________________continue
____________month_dhm.append('%s%s' % (month, day_hm_s))
____#按年 和 月組裝
____len_start = len(limit_start)
____len_end = len(limit_end)
____month_dhm_limit = []
____for month_dhm_s in month_dhm:
________time_ymdhm = '%s%s' % (str(year_num), month_dhm_s)
________#開始時間\結束時間以外的排除
________if (int(time_ymdhm[:len_start]) < int(limit_start)) or \
________ (int(time_ymdhm[:len_end]) > int(limit_end)):
____________continue
________month_dhm_limit.append(time_ymdhm)
____if len(cron_time[4]) < 7:
________#按不在每周指定時間的排除
________month_dhm_week = []
________for time_minute in month_dhm_limit:
____________str_time = time.strptime(time_minute, '%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
____________if str_time.tm_wday in cron_time[4]:
________________month_dhm_week.append(time_minute)
________return month_dhm_week
____return month_dhm_limit
#crontab時間參數各種寫法 的 正則比對
PATTEN = {
____#純數字
____'number':'^[0-9]+$',
____#數字清單,如 1,2,3,6
____'num_list':'^[0-9]+([,][0-9]+)+$',
____#星号 *
____'star':'^\*$',
____#星号/數字 組合,如 */3
____'star_num':'^\*\/[0-9]+$',
____#區間 如 8-20
____'range':'^[0-9]+[\-][0-9]+$',
____#區間/步長 組合 如 8-20/3
____'range_div':'^[0-9]+[\-][0-9]+[\/][0-9]+$'
____#區間/步長 清單 組合,如 8-20/3,21,22,34
____#'range_div_list':'^([0-9]+[\-][0-9]+[\/][0-9]+)([,][0-9]+)+$'
____}
#各正則對應的處理方法
PATTEN_HANDLER = {
____'number':handle_num,
____'num_list':handle_nlist,
____'star':handle_star,
____'star_num':handle_starnum,
____'range':handle_range,
____'range_div':handle_rangedv
}
def main():
____"""測試用執行個體"""
____#crontab配置中一行時間參數
____conf_string = '*/10 * * * * (cd /opt/pythonpm/devpapps;' \
________________ ' /usr/local/bin/python2.5 data_test.py>>output_error.txt)'
____#時間戳
____time_stamp = int(time.time())
____#解析crontab時間配置參數 分 時 日 月 周 各個取值範圍
____res, desc = parse_crontab_time(conf_string)
____if res == 0:
________cron_time = desc
____else:
________print desc
________sys, exit(-1)
____print "\nconfig:", conf_string
____print "\nparse result(range for crontab):"
____
____print " minute:", cron_time[0]
____print " hour: ", cron_time[1]
____print " day: ", cron_time[2]
____print " month: ", cron_time[3]
____print " week day:", cron_time[4]
____#解析 時間戳對應的 分 時 日 月 周
____time_struct = get_struct_time(time_stamp)
____print "\nstruct time(minute hour day month week) for %d :" % \
________ time_stamp, time_struct
____#将時間戳與crontab配置中一行時間參數對比,判斷該時間戳是否在配置設定的時間範圍内
____match_res = time_match_crontab(cron_time, time_struct)
____print "\nmatching result:", match_res
____#crontab配置設定範圍中最近接近時指定間戳的一組時間
____most_close = close_to_cron(cron_time, time_struct)
____print "\nin range of crontab time which is most colse to struct ", most_close
____time_list = cron_time_list(cron_time)
____print "\n\n %d times need to tart-up:\n" % len(time_list)
____print time_list[:10], '...'
if __name__ == '__main__':
____#請看 使用執行個體
____
____main()