Ktor: Kotlin Web後端架構 快速開始入門

Ktor: Kotlin Web後端架構 Web backend framework for Kotlin 快速開始入門

Ktor 簡介

Ktor 是一個用于在 Kotlin 中快速建立 web 應用程式的架構。

import org.jetbrains.ktor.netty.*
import org.jetbrains.ktor.routing.*
import org.jetbrains.ktor.application.*
import org.jetbrains.ktor.host.*
import org.jetbrains.ktor.http.*
import org.jetbrains.ktor.response.*

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    embeddedServer(Netty, 8080) {
        routing {
            get("/") {
                call.respondText("Hello, world!", ContentType.Text.Html)
            }
        }
    }.start(wait = true)
}      

建立工程

首先使用 IDEA 建立标準 Gradle+Kotlin 工程。

然後分别添加：

BlogApp.kt

logback.xml

目錄結構如下：

$ tree
.
├── build.gradle
├── settings.gradle
└── src
    ├── main
    │   ├── java
    │   ├── kotlin
    │   │   └── com
    │   │       └── easy
    │   │           └── kotlin
    │   │               └── BlogApp.kt
    │   └── resources
    │       └── logback.xml
    └── test
        ├── java
        ├── kotlin
        └── resources

12 directories, 4 files      

在build.gradle中配置 Ktor 依賴

group 'com.easy.kotlin'
version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.1.3-2'
    ext.ktor_version = '0.4.0' // ktor 版本

    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
    }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'kotlin'
apply plugin: 'application' // application plugin

mainClassName = 'com.easy.kotlin.BlogAppKt'  // main class

sourceCompatibility = 1.8

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    maven { url "http://dl.bintray.com/kotlin/ktor" }
    maven { url "https://dl.bintray.com/kotlin/kotlinx" }
}

dependencies {
    ...
    compile "org.jetbrains.ktor:ktor-core:$ktor_version"
    compile "org.jetbrains.ktor:ktor-netty:$ktor_version"

    compile "ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:1.2.1"
}


kotlin {
    experimental {
        coroutines "enable"
    }
}      

其中，

compile "org.jetbrains.ktor:ktor-core:$ktor_version"
compile "org.jetbrains.ktor:ktor-netty:$ktor_version"      

是 ktor 核心依賴。

BlogApp.kt

package com.easy.kotlin


import org.jetbrains.ktor.application.Application
import org.jetbrains.ktor.application.install
import org.jetbrains.ktor.features.CallLogging
import org.jetbrains.ktor.features.DefaultHeaders
import org.jetbrains.ktor.host.embeddedServer
import org.jetbrains.ktor.http.ContentType
import org.jetbrains.ktor.netty.Netty
import org.jetbrains.ktor.response.respondText
import org.jetbrains.ktor.routing.Routing
import org.jetbrains.ktor.routing.get
import java.util.*

fun Application.module() {
    install(DefaultHeaders)
    install(CallLogging)
    install(Routing) {
        get("/") {
            var html = "<li><a href = 'hello'>hello</a></li>"
            html += "<li><a href = 'now'>now</a></li>"
            call.respondText(html, ContentType.Text.Html)
        }

        get("/hello") {
            call.respondText("Hello, Ktor !", ContentType.Text.Html)
        }

        get("/now") {
            call.respondText("Now time is : ${Date()}", ContentType.Text.Html)
        }
    }
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    embeddedServer(Netty, 8080, watchPaths = listOf("BlogAppKt"), module = Application::module).start()
}      

logback.xml

<configuration>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <root level="trace">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
    </root>

    <logger name="org.eclipse.jetty" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="io.netty" level="INFO"/>

</configuration>      

運作結果

啟動應用：

螢幕快照 2017-09-05 22.42.29.png

輸出日志：

22:40:44: Executing external task 'run'...
:compileKotlin
Using kotlin incremental compilation
:compileJava NO-SOURCE
:copyMainKotlinClasses
:processResources
:classes
:run
2017-09-05 22:40:53.701 [main] DEBUG ktor.application - Java Home: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_40.jdk/Contents/Home
2017-09-05 22:40:53.712 [main] DEBUG ktor.application - Class Loader: sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@73d16e93: [/Users/jack/easykotlin/ktor_demo/build/classes/java/main/, /Users/jack/easykotlin/ktor_demo/build/resources/main/, /Users/jack/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.ktor/ktor-netty/0.4.0/f8809d15d9b447b669e8514f14addcb3586dcd26/ktor-netty-0.4.0.jar, /Users/jack/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.ktor/ktor-hosts-common/0.4.0/bec3be6cc48a989347a7d3048266aff412d16668/ktor-hosts-common-0.4.0.jar, /Users/jack/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.ktor/ktor-core/0.4.0/be0937d74f19862e8087b08a3b2306de65aa6f12/ktor-core-0.4.0.jar, ...
2017-09-05 22:40:53.717 [main] INFO  ktor.application - No ktor.deployment.watch patterns match classpath entries, automatic reload is not active
2017-09-05 22:40:54.364 [main] TRACE ktor.application - Application started: org.jetbrains.ktor.application.Application@f78a47e      

浏覽器通路： http://127.0.0.1:8080/

螢幕快照 2017-09-05 22.43.19.png

螢幕快照 2017-09-05 22.43.26.png

螢幕快照 2017-09-05 22.43.34.png

完整工程示例代碼

​​https://github.com/EasyKotlin/ktor_demo​​

參考資料：