1. EventBus 簡單使用
EventBus的使用實踐已經在上一篇的部落格中講述了,可查閱EventBus—使用實踐。
在此隻簡單列舉EventBus的使用:
1.1. 定義事件
public class TextEvent {
private String mText;
public TextEvent(String text) {
this.mText = text;
}
public String getText() {
return mText;
}
public void setText(String text) {
this.mText = text;
}
}
1.2. 注冊與解注冊
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
}
1.3. 釋出事件
EventBus.getDefault().post(new TextEvent("From MainActivity text event"));
1.4. 接收事件
@Subscribe
public void onHandleTextEvent(TextEvent event){
mTvResult.setText(event.getText());
}
2. 源碼解析
在解析EventBus源碼之前,想想幾個問題:
- 通過簡單的幾行代碼,EventBus是如何找到訂閱者的?
- 粘性事件是怎麼實作的?
- EventBus是如何實作切換線程的?
EventBus所有的秘密都藏在EventBus.getDefault().register(this)方法裡面,先看看Event類關系圖:
其中有幾個非常重要的資料結構需要注意,EventBus事件分發與處理都是圍繞着它們進行處理:
- subscriptionByEventType:事件與訂閱資訊的映射關系表,一般為一對多的關系;
- typesBySubscriber:訂閱者與事件的映射關系表,
- stickyEvents:粘性事件存儲表,key為事件class對象,value為粘性事件對象;
- subscriberMethodFinder:算法核心類,找尋與解析訂閱者的所有訂閱方法并封裝成SubscriberMethod傳回;
- Poster子類:切換不同線程執行訂閱方法的輔助類;
2.1. 注冊(register)
EventBus用了典型的單例模式,先看看它的register方法做了些什麼事情:
EventBus:
public void register(Object subscriber) {
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
// 擷取訂閱者的訂閱方法并封裝成SubscriberMethod傳回
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
// 将訂閱者以及訂閱方法添加到相應的映射表中
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}
SubscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods()方法中有兩個方法可以擷取subscriberMethods,分别通過反射方法或索引加速方法擷取,可通過ignoreGeneratedIndex配置修改相應的政策,預設為false。其中索引加速在第三節講述,通過開啟索引加速,極大地提升了EventBus的運作效率。反射擷取訂閱方法就不講述了,較簡單。
SubscriberMethodFinder:
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}
if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
// 反射政策方法擷取訂閱方法
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
// 索引加速方法政策,若啟用索引加速,則用索引加速政策,否則最終
// 也會使用反射方法擷取
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
}
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
// 如果訂閱者沒有訂閱方法,即@Subscribe注解标注的方法,則會抛異常
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
+ " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
} else {
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
}
}
private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
while (findState.clazz != null) {
// 通過索引加速政策擷取subscriberInfo
findState.subscriberInfo = getSubscriberInfo(findState);
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null) {
SubscriberMethod[] array = findState.subscriberInfo.getSubscriberMethods();
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : array) {
if (findState.checkAdd(subscriberMethod.method, subscriberMethod.eventType)) {
findState.subscriberMethods.add(subscriberMethod);
}
}
} else {
// 若未啟用索引加速。則使用反射方法擷取
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
}
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}
private SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(FindState findState) {
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null && findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo() != null) {
SubscriberInfo superclassInfo = findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo();
if (findState.clazz == superclassInfo.getSubscriberClass()) {
return superclassInfo;
}
}
// 啟動索引加速後,subscriberInfoIndexes不為null,并使用其直接擷取SubscriberInfo
if (subscriberInfoIndexes != null) {
for (SubscriberInfoIndex index : subscriberInfoIndexes) {
SubscriberInfo info = index.getSubscriberInfo(findState.clazz);
if (info != null) {
return info;
}
}
}
return null;
}
再回到EventBus的register方法中調用的subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod)方法:
EventBus:
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
// 封裝訂閱資訊Subscription,訂閱者以及其其中一個訂閱方法
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
// 擷取事件與訂閱的映射關系表中的訂閱資訊清單,若無,則重新建立一個清單
// 事件與訂閱者是一對多的關系
if (subscriptions == null) {
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
} else {
if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
+ eventType);
}
}
// 将封裝的訂閱資訊根據優先級添加到關系映射表中
int size = subscriptions.size();
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}
// 建構與添加 訂閱者與事件的關系并添加到subscribedEvents映射表中
List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
}
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
// 若監聽了粘性事,則執行粘性事件
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super
classes: Class -> List<Class>).
// 周遊粘性事件的清單,并執行其中比對的粘性事件
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
}
小結:
EventBus注冊主要做了一下幾件事:
- 通過SubscriberMethodFinder根據訂閱者class查找相應的訂閱方法;
- 周遊每個訂閱方法,把訂閱者和訂閱方法建構成Subscription;
- 根據優先級将Subscription添加到subscriptionsByEventType(即使用EventBus時可通過priority配置事件的處理優先級)
- 把訂閱者及其對應訂閱方法添加到typesBySubscriber;
- 執行粘性事件(重點)
2.2. 釋出事件(Post)
釋出事件其實是基于上述的幾個映射表,擷取訂閱者的訂閱方法,并利用反射執行訂閱方法,并使用了消費者與生産者模式:
EventBus:
/** Posts the given event to the event bus. */
public void post(Object event) {
// 擷取目前線程的事件隊列,并将新來的事件插入置隊列中
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
eventQueue.add(event);
if (!postingState.isPosting) {
postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
// 不斷分發事件,直至為空
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
}
} finally {
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
}
}
}
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
if (eventInheritance) {
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
// 釋出事件
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
}
// 若無訂閱者訂閱該事件,則會釋出NoSubscriberEvent事件
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized (this) {
// 關鍵點:通過subscriptionsByEventType映射清單,擷取訂閱者資訊
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
}
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
// 周遊所有的訂閱者并執行該事件的訂閱方法
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
// 執行訂閱者的方法
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
// 通過訂閱方法的線程模式,使用不同的政策執行訂閱方法,通過HandlerPoster
// AsyncPoster,BackgroundPoster執行不同的線程政策,比如背景線程、主線程等,AsyncPoster等内部使用了生産者和消費者的模式
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
case POSTING:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN:
if (isMainThread) {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
case MAIN_ORDERED:
if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
// temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case ASYNC:
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}
小結:
分發事件主要做了以下幾件事情:
- 把事件插入到目前線程的事件隊列中,不斷周遊釋出事件隊列中的事件;
- 通過subscriptionsByEventType擷取每個事件的訂閱者的方法;
- 根據ThreadMode,并依賴HandlerPoster,AsyncPoster,BackgroundPoster執行不同的線程政策;
通過上述的分析,已經完整地解析上述的三個問題:釋出、粘性事件以及線程模式。
2.3. 解注冊(unregister)
EventBus:
/** Unregisters the given subscriber from all event classes. */
public synchronized void unregister(Object subscriber) {
//
List<Class<?>> subscribedTypes = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedTypes != null) {
for (Class<?> eventType : subscribedTypes) {
unsubscribeByEventType(subscriber, eventType);
}
typesBySubscriber.remove(subscriber);
} else {
logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Subscriber to unregister was not registered before: " + subscriber.getClass());
}
}
有了上面注冊的過程,解注冊就非常簡單了,主要做了以下幾件事件:
- 通過subscribedTypes擷取該訂閱者所有的訂閱事件;(subscribedTypes映射清單的作用就是擷取訂閱者訂閱的所有事件,友善解注冊)
- 周遊所有事件,移除subscriptionsByEventType中的訂閱者;
- 從subscribedTypes中移除該訂閱者;
**注意:**注冊和解注冊必要成對存在,否則将出現記憶體洩漏。
3. 索引加速
為了提供性能,EventBus 3.0引入了索引加速的功能,大幅度提高的性能。啟動索引加速需要做一些額外的配置,可參考EventBus—使用實踐。其實索引加速功能,就是利用APT方式在編譯時解析注解生成索引java檔案,避免使用反射。
回顧上面的分析,整個流程中在SubscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods()檢索訂閱方法時會使用反射進行擷取,這裡會有性能的問題,那麼索引加速在記憶體中直接加載避免使用反射擷取。
使用索引加速時會在build目錄下生成一個java檔案,例如:
java檔案的名稱是在子產品gradle中配置的
defaultConfig {
.....
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
arguments = [ eventBusIndex : 'com.wuzl.eventbus.TestEventBusIndex' ]
}
}
.....
}
看看編譯生成的索引類,将所有訂閱者及其訂閱方法全部緩存至SUBSCRIBER_INDEX中,顯然通過SUBSCRIBER_INDEX可以擷取訂閱者所有資訊,而避免使用反射,那麼接下來需要将索引檔案配置進去。
TestEventBusIndex:
public class TestEventBusIndex implements SubscriberInfoIndex {
private static final Map<Class<?>, SubscriberInfo> SUBSCRIBER_INDEX;
static {
SUBSCRIBER_INDEX = new HashMap<Class<?>, SubscriberInfo>();
putIndex(new SimpleSubscriberInfo(MainActivity.class, true, new SubscriberMethodInfo[]{
new SubscriberMethodInfo("handleTextEvent", com.wuzl.eventbus.event.TextEvent.class),
}));
}
private static void putIndex(SubscriberInfo info) {
SUBSCRIBER_INDEX.put(info.getSubscriberClass(), info);
}
@Override
public SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
SubscriberInfo info = SUBSCRIBER_INDEX.get(subscriberClass);
if (info != null) {
return info;
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
在使用索引加速的時候,需要将該索引檔案配置到EventBus當中
EventBus.builder().addIndex(new TestEventBusIndex()).installDefaultEventBus();
EventBus:
/** Adds an index generated by EventBus' annotation preprocessor. */
public EventBusBuilder addIndex(SubscriberInfoIndex index) {
if (subscriberInfoIndexes == null) {
subscriberInfoIndexes = new ArrayList<>();
}
// 将索引加速類添加到subscriberInfoIndexes資料結構
subscriberInfoIndexes.add(index);
return this;
}
// 重新建構預設的EventBus
public EventBus installDefaultEventBus() {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
if (EventBus.defaultInstance != null) {
throw new EventBusException("Default instance already exists." +
" It may be only set once before it's used the first time to ensure consistent behavior.");
}
// 重新new一個EventBus對象并設定為預設EventBus
EventBus.defaultInstance = build();
return EventBus.defaultInstance;
}
}
EventBus(EventBusBuilder builder) {
indexCount = builder.subscriberInfoIndexes != null ? builder.subscriberInfoIndexes.size() : 0;
// 将索引加速傳遞給SubscriberMethodFinder
subscriberMethodFinder = new SubscriberMethodFinder(builder.subscriberInfoIndexes,
builder.strictMethodVerification, builder.ignoreGeneratedIndex);
}
那麼SubscriberMethodFinder在檢索訂閱者資訊時,發現subscriberInfoIndexes不為null,将直接從記憶體中加載資訊,而不走反射流程,極大地提高的性能。
SubscriberMethodFinder:
private SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(FindState findState) {
....
if (subscriberInfoIndexes != null) {
for (SubscriberInfoIndex index : subscriberInfoIndexes) {
SubscriberInfo info = index.getSubscriberInfo(findState.clazz);
if (info != null) {
return info;
}
}
}
return null;
}
小結:
其實索引加速做的事情很簡單,就是避免在findSubscriberMethods去調用耗時的反射機制。實作非常巧妙。
4. 總結
EventBus的源碼解析中,發現非常多有用的設計思想,比如典型的單例模式、生成者與消費者模式、FindState的緩存機制以及巧妙的APT索引加速等等,非常值得學習與借鑒。