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Servlet(二)

1.ServletConfig 詳解

1.1、概念與用法

共有四個 API:

  • getInitParameter(String name): 擷取指定參數名的初始化參數
  • getInitParameterNames(): 擷取參數名組成的 Enumeration 對象.
  • getServletName
  • getServletContext

ServletConfig 封裝了 Serlvet 的配置資訊, 并且可以擷取 ServletContext 對象

在Servlet的配置檔案web.xml中,可以使用一個或多個标簽為servlet配置一些初始化參數。

例如:

<!-- 配置和映射 Servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <!-- Servlet 注冊的名字 -->
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <!-- Servlet 的全類名 -->
        <servlet-class>com.atguigu.javaweb.HelloServlet</servlet-class>

        <!-- 配置 Serlvet 的初始化參數 -->
        <init-param>
            <!-- 參數名 -->
            <param-name>user</param-name>
            <!-- 參數值 -->
            <param-value>root</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <init-param>
            <param-name>password</param-name>
            <param-value>1230</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- 可以指定 Servlet 被建立的時機 -->
        <load-on-startup>-1</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>      

擷取初始化參數:

> getInitParameter(String name): 擷取指定參數名的初始化參數
> getInitParameterNames(): 擷取參數名組成的 Enumeration 對象. 

String user = servletConfig.getInitParameter("user");
System.out.println("user: " + user);

Enumeration<String> names = servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
while(names.hasMoreElements()){
    String name = names.nextElement();
    String value = servletConfig.getInitParameter(name);
    System.out.println("^^" + name + ": " + value);
}      

1.2、通過ServletConfig擷取Servlet的初始化參數

當servlet配置了初始化參數後,web容器在建立servlet執行個體對象時,會自動将這些初始化參數封裝到ServletConfig對象中,并在調用servlet的init方法時,将ServletConfig對象傳遞給servlet。進而,我們通過ServletConfig對象就可以得到目前servlet的初始化參數資訊

package com.atguigu.javaweb;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class HelloServlet
 */
public class HelloServlet implements Servlet

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        System.out.println("getServletConfig");
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        System.out.println("getServletInfo");
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        String user = servletConfig.getInitParameter("user");
        System.out.println("user: " + user);

        Enumeration<String> names = servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
        while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = names.nextElement();
            String value = servletConfig.getInitParameter(name);
            System.out.println("^^" + name + ": " + value);
        }
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("service");
    }

    public HelloServlet() {
        System.out.println("HelloServlet's constructor");
    }

}      
Servlet(二)

2. ServletContext對象

目前 WEB 應用的一個大管家,從中擷取目前 WEB 應用的各方面資訊

Servlet 引擎 為 每個 Web 應用都建立了一個對應的 ServletContext對象,ServletContext 包含在 ServletConfig對象中

一個web 應用的 所有 Servlet 公用一個 ServletContext對象,是以ServletContext 被稱為 application 對象(Web 應用程式對象)

功能

  • 擷取 web 應用程式的初始化參數
  • 擷取日志
  • application 域範圍的屬性
  • 通路資源檔案
  • 擷取虛拟路徑所映射的本地路徑
  • WEB 應用之間的通路

2.1、多個Servlet通過ServletContext對象實作資料共享

public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        String data = "xdp_gacl";
        /**
         * ServletConfig對象中維護了ServletContext對象的引用,開發人員在編寫servlet時,
         * 可以通過ServletConfig.getServletContext方法獲得ServletContext對象。
         */
        ServletContext context = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();//獲得ServletContext對象
        context.setAttribute("data", data);  //将data存儲到ServletContext對象中
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws      
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String data = (String) context.getAttribute("data");//從ServletContext對象中取出資料
        response.getWriter().print("data="+data);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws      

先運作ServletContextDemo1,将資料data存儲到ServletContext對象中,然後運作ServletContextDemo2就可以從ServletContext對象中取出資料了,這樣就實作了資料共享。

2.2、擷取WEB應用的初始化參數

在web.xml檔案中使用​

​<context-param>​

​标簽配置WEB應用的初始化參數,如下所示:

<!-- 配置目前 WEB 應用的初始化參數 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>driver</param-name>
        <param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>jdbcUrl</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
    </context-param>      

擷取Web應用的初始化參數,代碼如下:

public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //擷取整個web站點的初始化參數
        String contextInitParam = context.getInitParameter("url");
        response.getWriter().print(contextInitParam);
    }

}      

2.3、用servletContext實作請求轉發

public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String data = "<h1><font color='red'>abcdefghjkl</font></h1>";
        response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());  

        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//擷取ServletContext對象
        RequestDispatcher rd = context.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/ServletContextDemo5");//擷取請求轉發對象(RequestDispatcher)
        rd.forward(request, response);//調用forward方法實作請求轉發
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws      
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.getOutputStream().write("servletDemo5".getBytes());
    }
    .......

}      
Servlet(二)

通路的是ServletContextDemo4,浏覽器顯示的卻是ServletContextDemo5的内容,這就是使用ServletContext實作了請求轉發

2.4、利用ServletContext對象讀取資源檔案

Servlet(二)

代碼範例:使用servletContext讀取資源檔案,讀取jdbc.properties

<!-- 配置目前 WEB 應用的初始化參數 -->
    <!-- 配置目前 WEB 應用的初始化參數 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>driver</param-name>
        <param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>jdbcUrl</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
    </context-param>      
Servlet(二)
.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);

        Properties pros = new Properties();

        try {
            ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
            InputStream is = classLoader.getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
            System.out.println("1. " + is);
            pros.load(is);

            System.out.println(pros.getProperty("name"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        pros = new Properties();

        try {
            InputStream is2 = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/jdbc.properties");
            System.out.println("2. " + is2);
            pros.load(is2);
            System.out.println(pros.getProperty("name"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        String picPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/lib");
        System.out.println(picPath);      

輸出結果:

3.四、在用戶端緩存Servlet的輸出

public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        String data = "abcddfwerwesfasfsadf";
        /**
         * 設定資料合理的緩存時間值,以避免浏覽器頻繁向伺服器發送請求,提升伺服器的性能
         * 這裡是将資料的緩存時間設定為1天
         */
        response.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis() + 24 * 3600 * 1000);
        response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doGet(request, response);
    }

}