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數字轉字元串,字元串轉數字

std::to_string

C++ Strings library std::basic_string

Defined in header

() std::string to_string( int value );
() std::string to_string( long value );
() std::string to_string( long long value );
() std::string to_string( unsigned value );
() std::string to_string( unsigned long value );
() std::string to_string( unsigned long long value );
() std::string to_string( float value );
() std::string to_string( double value );
() std::string to_string( long double value );
           
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
    double f = ;
    std::string f_str = std::to_string(f);
    std::cout << f_str << '\n';
}
           
輸出:

23.430000
           
// to_string example  
#include <iostream>   // std::cout  
#include <string>     // std::string, std::to_string  

int main ()  
{  
  std::string pi = "pi is " + std::to_string();  
  std::string perfect = std::to_string(++++) + " is a perfect number";  
  std::cout << pi << '\n';  
  std::cout << perfect << '\n';  
  return ;  
}  
           
pi is   
 is a perfect number  
           

二、string轉int

1.可以使用std::stoi/stol/stoll等等函數

Example:

// stoi example  
#include <iostream>   // std::cout  
#include <string>     // std::string, std::stoi  

int main ()  
{  
  std::string str_dec = "2001, A Space Odyssey";  
  std::string str_hex = "40c3";  
  std::string str_bin = "-10010110001";  
  std::string str_auto = "0x7f";  

  std::string::size_type sz;   // alias of size_t  

  int i_dec = std::stoi (str_dec,&sz);  
  int i_hex = std::stoi (str_hex,nullptr,);  
  int i_bin = std::stoi (str_bin,nullptr,);  
  int i_auto = std::stoi (str_auto,nullptr,);  

  std::cout << str_dec << ": " << i_dec << " and [" << str_dec.substr(sz) << "]\n";  
  std::cout << str_hex << ": " << i_hex << '\n';  
  std::cout << str_bin << ": " << i_bin << '\n';  
  std::cout << str_auto << ": " << i_auto << '\n';  

  return ;  
} 
           
, A Space Odyssey:  and [, A Space Odyssey]  
c3:    
-10010110001: -  
x7f:   
           
string s = "12";   
int a = atoi(s.c_str());  
           

首先atoi和strtol都是c裡面的函數,他們都可以将字元串轉為int,它們的參數都是const char*,是以在用string時,必須調c_str()方法将其轉為char*的字元串。或者atof,strtod将字元串轉為double,它們都從字元串開始尋找數字或者正負号或者小數點,然後遇到非法字元終止,不會報異常:

int main() {
    using namespace std;
    string strnum=" 232s3112";
    int num1=atoi(strnum.c_str());
    long int num2=strtol(strnum.c_str(),nullptr,);
    cout<<"atoi的結果為:"<<num1<<endl;
    cout<<"strtol的結果為:"<<num2<<endl;
    return ;
}
           
atoi的結果為:232
strtol的結果為:232
           

可以看到,程式在最開始遇到空格跳過,然後遇到了字元’s’終止,最後傳回了232。

這裡要補充的是strtol的第三個參數base的含義是目前字元串中的數字是什麼進制,而atoi則隻能識别十進制的。例如:

using namespace std;
    string strnum="0XDEADbeE";
    int num1=atoi(strnum.c_str());
    long int num2=strtol(strnum.c_str(),nullptr,);
    cout<<"atoi的結果為:"<<num1<<endl;
    cout<<"strtol的結果為:"<<num2<<endl;
    return ;
           
atoi的結果為:0
strtol的結果為:233495534
           

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