本文介紹在Ubuntu/Debian系統中使用apt-get更新單個軟體包，更新軟體包的最常用方法是運作指令sudo apt-get upgrade，但是這樣做的結果是所有已安裝的軟體包都将更新到配置的Ubuntu存儲庫中可用的最新版本。
使用apt-get在Ubuntu/Debian中更新單個軟體包
1、要在任何基于Ubuntu/Debian的系統中使用apt-get(Debian和Ubuntu最實用的apt-get指令詳解)更新單個軟體包，請使用以下syntax：
sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade packagename
這适用于所有Ubuntu、Debian和Linux Mint系統，将packagename替換為要更新的程式包的名稱即可。
2、請參閱下面的示例以更新ubuntu-keyring：
$ sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade ubuntu-keyring
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
ubuntu-keyring
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 190 not upgraded.
Need to get 22.4 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,096 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-keyring all 2018.09.18.1~18.04.0 [22.4 kB]
Fetched 22.4 kB in 1s (34.5 kB/s)
(Reading database … 261497 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/ubuntu-keyring_2018.09.18.1~18.04.0_all.deb …
Unpacking ubuntu-keyring (2018.09.18.1~18.04.0) over (2018.02.28) …
Setting up ubuntu-keyring (2018.09.18.1~18.04.0) …
在Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint中更新多個軟體包
1、要更新多個包，請用空格分隔它們：
sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade thunderbird cinnamon cinnamon-common
2、如果要更新所有已安裝的軟體包，請使用以下指令：
sudo apt-get upgrade
使用腳本在Ubuntu中更新單個程式包/多個程式包
1、我們可以建立一個簡單的腳本，每當你想在Ubuntu或Debian系統中使用apt-get更新單個包時，我們就會将包名稱作為參數傳遞。使用以下内容在/usr/local/bin/myupgrade中建立腳本：
#!/bin/bash
pakage_names="$@"
[[ -z $pakage_names ]] && { echo "Usage: $(basename $0) package1 package 2 package.."; exit 1; }
# Check if package is already installed
for package in ${pakage_names[@]}; do
if dpkg -s "$package" 2>/dev/null | grep -q Status.*installed; then
echo "Attempting to upgrade $package"
sudo apt-get --only-upgrade -y install $package
else
echo "Package $package is not installed, install it (y/n): "
read selection
if [[ $selection == "y" ]] || [[ $selection == "Y" ]]; then
sudo apt-get -y install $package
else
echo "Okay!, next time"
fi
fi
done
2、給腳本一個執行位：
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/myupgrade
3、必須将參數傳遞給腳本才能更新包：
$ myupgrade
Usage: myupgrade package1 package 2 package..
4、要更新單個包，請在末尾傳遞單個參數
$ myupgrade util-linux
Attempting to upgrade util-linux
[sudo] password for jmutai:
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
Suggested packages:
util-linux-locales
The following packages will be upgraded:
util-linux
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 182 not upgraded.
Need to get 902 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 util-linux amd64 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 [902 kB]
Fetched 902 kB in 2s (518 kB/s)
(Reading database … 261497 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/util-linux_2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3_amd64.deb …
Unpacking util-linux (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3) over (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.2) …
Setting up util-linux (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3) …
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) …
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-20) …
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.9) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) …
5、對于多個包，請提供以空格分隔的名稱：
$ myupgrade nplan openssl perl
6、如果尚未安裝軟體包，腳本将詢問你是否要安裝它，按“Y”或“y”确認：
$ myupgrade elinks
Package elinks is not installed, install it (y/n)
y
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
elinks-data libfsplib0 liblua5.1-0 libtre5
Suggested packages:
elinks-doc tre-agrep
The following NEW packages will be installed:
elinks elinks-data libfsplib0 liblua5.1-0 libtre5
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 169 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,062 kB of archives.
至此，操作完成。
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