參考:宋寶華 Linux裝置驅動開發詳解 嵌入式Linux驅動開發教程
開發環境:ubuntu16.04
核心版本:4.13.0-36-generic
主要目的:學習字元裝置的編寫
疑問:
為何cat /dev/globalmem會執行兩次??
file_opration中的函數和open()、 release()、read()、write()調用關系是怎樣的,什麼時候調用到open()的??
1- 代碼
//cdev_1.c檔案
#include<linux/module.h>
#include<linux/types.h>
#include<linux/fs.h>
#include<linux/errno.h>
#include<linux/mm.h>
#include<linux/sched.h>
#include<linux/init.h>
#include<linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h> //包含kmalloc()和kfree()
#include<asm/io.h>
#include <asm/switch_to.h> //3.3以後的核心使用這個代替#include <asm/system.h>,shell下使用uname -r檢視核心版本
#include <linux/uaccess.h> //4.1.13為這個
#define GLOBALMEM_SIZE 0x1000 /*操作的mem記憶體大小,全局變量大小4k*/
#define MEM_CLEAR 0x1 /*ioctrl指令碼*/
#define GLOBALMEM_MAJOR 243 /*設定globalmem的主裝置号,檢視已經注冊的避免沖突cat /proc/devices*/
static int globalmem_major = GLOBALMEM_MAJOR;
/*globalmem結構體*/
struct globalmem_dev
{
struct cdev cdev; //字元裝置結構體
unsigned char mem[GLOBALMEM_SIZE]; //大小
};
struct globalmem_dev *globalmem_devp;
/*以下為檔案操作:打開、釋放、ioctrl、讀寫、定位*/
/*檔案打開操作*/
int globalmem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
filp->private_data = globalmem_devp;
return 0;
}
/*檔案釋放*/
int globalmem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}
/*ioctrl操作*/
/*
在新的核心中使用long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
或者long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
書中使用的老核心,用的int globalmem_ioctl(struct inode *inodep,...)
新核心改為long 以及去掉第一個inode參數
*/
static long globalmem_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)//和2.6核心不一樣!!
{
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
switch(cmd)
{
case MEM_CLEAR:
memset(dev->mem,0,GLOBALMEM_SIZE);
printk(KERN_INFO "globalmem is set to zero\n");
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
/*讀函數*/
static ssize_t globalmem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret =0;
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
/*參數檢查*/
if(p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
return count ? -ENXIO : 0;
if(count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;
/*資料拷貝*/
if(copy_to_user(buf,(dev->mem +p),count)) //copy_to_user(buff, dev->mem + p, count)
{
ret = -EFAULT;
}
else
{
*ppos += count; //更新位置、傳回讀到位元組數
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %u bytes from %lu\n", count,p);
}
return ret;
}
/*寫函數*/
static ssize_t globalmem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret =0;
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
/*參數檢查*/
if(p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
return count ? -ENXIO : 0;
if(count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;
/*資料拷貝*/
if(copy_from_user((dev->mem +p),buf,count)) //copy_to_user(buff, dev->mem + p, count)
{
ret = -EFAULT;
}
else
{
*ppos += count; //更新位置、傳回讀到位元組數
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "write %u bytes from %lu\n", count,p);
}
return ret;
}
/*檔案定位*/
static loff_t globalmem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
loff_t ret = 0;
switch(orig)
{
/*從檔案開頭偏移*/
case 0:
if(offset < 0)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
if((unsigned int)offset > GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos = (unsigned int )offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
/*從目前位置偏移*/
case 1:
if(filp->f_pos + offset < 0)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
if((filp->f_pos + offset) > GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos += (unsigned int )offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
return ret;
}
/*檔案操作結構體*/
static const struct file_operations globalmem_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = globalmem_llseek,
.read = globalmem_read,
.write = globalmem_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = globalmem_ioctl,
.open = globalmem_open,
.release = globalmem_release,
};
/*初始化并向核心注冊cdev*/
static void globalmem_setup_cdev(struct globalmem_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err;
int devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major,index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&globalmem_fops); //初始化cdev
dev->cdev.ops = &globalmem_fops;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);//向核心注冊cdev
if(err)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Err %d adding LED%d",err,index);
}
}
/*裝置驅動子產品加載*/
int globalmem_init(void)
{
int result;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major,0);//如果有主裝置号,先求出裝置号,向系統注冊
if(globalmem_major)
{
result = register_chrdev_region(devno,1,"globalmem"); //向核心靜态申請裝置号,裝置号devno已知
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,0,1,"globalmem");//動态申請裝置号,
globalmem_major = MAJOR(devno);//根據申請到的裝置号求出主裝置号
}
if(result < 0)
{
return result;
}
/*申請記憶體*/
globalmem_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct globalmem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if(!globalmem_devp)
{
result = -ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
memset(globalmem_devp,0,sizeof(struct globalmem_dev));
globalmem_setup_cdev(globalmem_devp,0);//向核心注冊cdev
return 0;
fail_malloc:unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);//解注冊申請的裝置号
return result;
}
/*子產品解除安裝*/
void globalmem_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&globalmem_devp->cdev);//解注冊cdev
kfree(globalmem_devp);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalmem_major,0), 1);
}
MODULE_AUTHOR("lhk");
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
module_param(globalmem_major, int, S_IRUGO);
module_init(globalmem_init);
module_exit(globalmem_exit);
2- Makefile檔案
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
obj-m:=cdev_1.o
else
KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
all:
make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
rm -f *.ko *.o *.symvers *.cmd *.cmd.o
endif
3- 驗證
a- 打開一個dmesg監視終端
watch "dmesg |tail -20"
b- 将子產品加載進核心
insmode globalmem.ko //将子產品編進核心
cat /proc/devices |grep globalmem //檢視是否編進了核心
c- 建立裝置節點
mknod /dev/globalmem c 243 0
mknode用法詳見文章https://blog.csdn.net/a1010256340/article/details/83088870
ls /dev |grep globalmem //檢視是否建立建立了該裝置節點
d- 讀寫裝置節點
echo "hello world" > /dev/globalmem //調用write()函數,向裝置節點寫,dmesg監視視窗有列印資訊
cat /dev/globalmem //讀裝置節點,調用read()函數,dmesg監視視窗有列印資訊。有如下列印,是正常情況(但是還不了解)
詳見文章分析:https://blog.csdn.net/qiaoliang328/article/details/4874238
4- 遇到問題
a- asm/system.h頭檔案新核心變更為#include <asm/switch_to.h>
編譯提示: asm/system.h: No such file or directory
使用uname -r檢視核心版本,版本大于3.3使用#include <asm/switch_to.h>替換#include <asm/system.h頭>
b- kmalloc未包含頭檔案
編譯提示:‘kmalloc’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
包含頭檔案:#include <linux/slab.h>
c- ioctl新老核心定義不一緻
編譯提示:
initialization from incompatible pointer type [-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types]
initialization from incompatible pointer type
在新的核心中使用long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
或者long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
書中使用的老核心,用的int globalmem_ioctl(struct inode *inodep,struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long)
新核心改為long 以及去掉第一個inode參數
5- 總結
學習了簡單字元裝置相關的資料結構及案例編寫
有些東西可能還了解不了,先學會寫,寫多了就了解了。
自己動手,豐衣足食!