OSPF進階配置
路由重分發:
一.了解路由重分發:
1.一個單一IP路由協定是管理網絡中IP路由的首選方案
2.Cisco ISO能執行多個路由協定,每一個路由協定和該路由協定所服務的網絡屬于同一個自治系統
3.Cisco ISO使用路由重分發特性以交換不同協定建立的路由資訊
二.路由重分發的考慮:
1.路徑成本
2.管理距離
三.重分發到OSPF域中路由的路徑類型:
1.類型1的外部路徑(type1 external path,E1)
2.類型2的外部路徑(type2 external path,E2)
路由重分發配置
一.路由重分發配置指令:
Router(config-router)#redistribute protocol metric metric-value metric-type type-value subnets
二.OSPF與RIP重分發配置執行個體:
router rip
redistribute ospf 1metric 10
router ospf 1
redistribute rip metric 200 subnets
三.OSPF重分發靜态路由配置執行個體:
router ospf 1
redistribute static metric 100 subnets metric-type2
四.OSPF重分發預設路由配置執行個體:
router ospf 1
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
default-information originate metric 10 netric-type 1
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.1.1
OSPF進階配置實驗:(GNS3中拓撲圖如下)
實驗環境準備:GNS3及與之相連的CRT
實驗中需要用到的協定有:預設路由協定、靜态路由協定、RIP協定、OSPF協定
打開GNS3後:
1.拖出六個路由器(每台路由器需要右鍵點選選擇configure,在Slots中添加一個端口NM-1FE-TX,點選OK添加)
2.四台PC機
3.将R6的 圖示改為cloud(這裡作為電信營運商)
其中:
1.area1和area2都為ospf協定
2.R4到R5段為RIP協定
3.R3擔任ABR的角色
第一步:根據拓撲圖上的端口環境配置端口位址:
R1:
R1#conf t
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#int f0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.0 //末梢網絡環境配置預設路由出去,指向下一跳位址
R2:
R2#conf t
R2(config)#int f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#router ospf 1 //啟用OSPF程序1
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 //标注router-id
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //宣告30段落的網段,在area1中
R2(config-router)#ex
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1 //做靜态路由
R2(config)#router ospf 1 //啟用OSPF程序1
R2(config-router)#redistribute connected subnets //直連網段20段落注入
R2(config-router)#redistribute static subnets //靜态網段10段落注入
R2(config-router)#ex
R3:
R3#conf t
R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#int f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#int f1/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#int f2/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 12.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet2/0 192.168.70.1 YES manual up up
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.0.0.2 //配置預設路由出去,指向下一跳
R3(config)#router ospf 1 //啟用OSPF程序1
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 //标注router-id
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //在area1中宣告30段
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //在area0中宣告40段
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.70.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //在area0中宣告70段
R3(config-router)#default-information originate //注入外部預設路由
R3(config-router)#ex
R4:
R4#conf t
R4(config)#int f0/0
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#int f0/1
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#ex
R4(config)#router rip //配rip協定
R4(config-router)#ver 2
R4(config-router)#no auto-summary
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0
R4(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 5 //注入ospf協定包含程序号和路徑成本
R4(config-router)#ex
R4(config)#router ospf 1 //啟用OSPF程序1
R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 //标注router-id
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets //注入rip協定
R4(config-router)#ex
R5:
R5#conf t
R5(config)#int f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no shut
R5(config-if)#int f0/1
R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no shut
R5(config-if)#ex
R5(config-if)#router rip //配rip協定
R5(config-router)#ver 2
R5(config-router)#no auto-summary
R5(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0
R5(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0
R5(config-router)#ex
R6:
R6#conf t
R6(config)#int f0/0
R6(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#no shut
R6(config-if)#int f0/1
R6(config-if)#ip add 13.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#no shut
R6(config-if)#ex
R6(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 12.0.0.1 //配靜态路由
第二步:進入四台客戶機配置IP位址和網關:
1客戶機>ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1
2客戶機>ip 192.168.70.2 192.168.70.1
3客戶機>ip 13.0.0.13 13.0.0.1
4客戶機>ip 192.168.60.2 192.169.60.1
第三步:進行全網互通測試:
進入PC1
PC1>ping 192.168.70.2 -t(長ping測試)
PC1>ping 192.168.60.2 -t(長ping測試)
PC1>ping 13.0.0.13 -t(長ping測試)
結果如下圖,達成全網互通,實驗成功!
第四步:檢視所有網段是否全部互相學習了
R1:
R1(config)#do show ip route
......(省略部分顯示)
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.20.2
R2:
R2(config)#do show ip route
......(省略部分顯示)
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.60.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:12:45, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.20.1
O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 01:43:09, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:12:45, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.70.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.30.2, 01:42:47, FastEthernet0/0
O *E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.30.2, 01:41:24, FastEthernet0/0
R3:
R3(config)#do show ip route
......(省略部分顯示)
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.60.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:21:06, FastEthernet0/1
O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 01:51:31, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O E2 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 01:51:31, FastEthernet0/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:21:07, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2
R4:
R4(config)#do show ip route
......(省略部分顯示)
O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:24:05, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.60.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.50.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/1
O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:24:05, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:24:05, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 192.168.70.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.40.1, 00:24:05, FastEthernet0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.40.1, 00:24:07, FastEthernet0/0
R5:
R5(config)#do show ip route
......(省略部分顯示)
R 192.168.30.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.40.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.20.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:10, FastEthernet0/0
R6:
R6(config)#do show ip route
......(省略部分顯示)
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 13.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S 192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 12.0.0.1