On the seventh day of the first month of the eighteenth year of shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the Shunzhi Emperor died in the Yangxin Hall, and before his death, he designated the third brother Xuanye to inherit the throne as the Kangxi Emperor. After Kangxi succeeded to the throne, his mother Tong Jia's mother, Zi Gui, was honored as Empress Dowager Cihe, so she received the title of empress dowager, and was empress dowager, and the Tong Jia clan began to rise.
On the ninth day of July in the 28th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Empress Xiaokangzhang's niece Tong Shi was made empress before her death, as Empress Xiaoyiren. After Empress Xiaoyiren, the Tong Jia clan entered its heyday, and the pattern of "Tong Half Dynasty" appeared, making the Tong Jia clan successfully rank among the four major families of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.
The empress I want to talk about today is from the Tong Jia clan with the yellow flag, and she is the second empress of Daoguang: Empress Xiaoshencheng.
1. Daughter of the noble family of tong banchao
Empress Xiaoshencheng came from the Tong Jia clan with the Yellow Banner and belonged to one of the "Eight Families of the Han Army", and the fifth ancestor was Tong Guogang, the uncle of Kangxi.
In the sixteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Tong Guogang inherited the title of Duke of Cheng'en of the first rank of his father Tong Tulai, and was immediately given the post of unified capital of the Han army with the Yellow Banner. Of course, as the uncle of the current emperor (Kangxi), it is not surprising that he was reused.
In the 27th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Tong Guogang and Soetu participated in the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchu, which protected the northern border security of the Qing Dynasty.
In the same year, Tong Guogang shangshu Kangxi requested that it be transferred to Manchuria. In this year, the Tong clan was carried from the Han army with a yellow flag to Manchuria, and a year later (the 28th year of the Kangxi Dynasty), Tong Guogang's niece Tong Shi was made empress, that is, Empress Xiaoyiren.
The dukes of Empress Xiaokangzhang's cousins were inherited by Tong Guogang, and the dukes of Empress Xiaoyiren's tuien were inherited by Tong Guowei. In this way, the two women won two hereditary dukes for the Tong family, which can be said to have made "hard work".
In the 29th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Tong Guogang accompanied his nephew Kangxi in his conquest of Gardan, and Tong Guogang, who served as a senior military general, took the lead and bravely killed the enemy, and unfortunately died in Ulanbutong. After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, he posthumously awarded him the title of Taifu(太傅).
It is said that Tong Guogang has a distinct personality and often has no mouth.
Once, when he recommended an official, he had a different view from Kangxi, but he still insisted on his own opinion, and asked Kangxi for permission, kangxi was very unhappy, and threw the green head sign of Tong Guogang's recommended official on the ground, but Tong Guogang said: "It is better to unify me and reform me, and the minister's recommendation is selfless, and it is absolutely impossible not to use it!" Kangxi knew his uncle's character and did not blame him.
After Tong Guogang, the fourth generation was Shu Ming'a, the father of Empress Xiaoshencheng.
Shu Ming'a inherited the title of his ancestor Cheng'en Duke and passed the title to his eldest son, Yu Cheng, who was the eldest brother of Empress Xiao Shencheng. In addition to YuCheng, Shu Ming'a also had five sons, namely Yu Kuan, the third son unknown, Yu Xiang, Yu Rui, and Yu Bao.
The fourth son, Yuxiang, served as a fourth-class bodyguard at Qianqing Gate, and his daughter was elected to the harem during the Xianfeng Dynasty, later as The Duanke Emperor's concubine.
From the perspective of family lineage:
Empress Xiaoshencheng came from the top magnate of the Manchurian family, which was somewhat similar to that of Empress Xiaomucheng of Daoguang, and even the origin of Empress Xiaoshencheng was even better. The dukes of Empress Xiaomucheng's family passed to her grandfather (Arigun), and her father Buyan Dalai did not attack the lord, while Empress Xiaoshencheng's father Shu Ming'a and eldest brother Yucheng all inherited the Duke of Cheng'en, which can be said to be the great concubine of the Eight Classics of Zheng'er.
2. The Crown Prince succeeds Fujin
On the twenty-first day of the first month of the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, the crown prince (second brother) Mianning Concubine Fu Jin Niu HuLu (Empress Xiao Mucheng) died of illness. For the death of his daughter-in-law, Jiaqing seems to be quite happy, niuhulu clan since Jiaqing married into the royal family in the first year, has not given Mianning children, Jiaqing wants to go crazy about his grandchildren, Niu Hulu clan is unable to give birth. Therefore, Jiaqing also wants to find a new daughter-in-law to realize his dream of being an emperor.
Sure enough, just after the "first seven" of the Niuhulu clan, Jiaqing issued an edict:
"Now we should give the second brother a continuation of the finger Fu Jin." The Ministry of Communications and Households identified the daughters of civil and military officials with more than three pins inside and outside Mongolia in the Eight Banners of Beijing, Manchuria, and those who had not been elected, who were over the age of 15, and who were now fifteen years old. On February 17, he was sent to the Old Summer Palace for a selection. It has been taken to the outside world. There is no need to let him come to Beijing. Those who have been selected so far. The year of the next election. There is no need to look at it again. ”
According to Jiaqing's edict, on February 27, the Eight Flags Draft was held in the Yuanmingyuan, and after selection, Tong Jiashi, the daughter of Shu Ming'a, who was 17 years old from the yellow flag, stood out and became the successor to the Second Brother Mianning.
The second brother Mianning was secretly appointed as the crown prince as early as April of the fourth year of Jiaqing, giving him the choice of Fujin, in fact, is to choose the future Empress of the Great Qing, so it is necessary to find a woman with a good enough family lineage, Mianning's Concubine Fujin is from the Eight Banners top magnate Hongyi Gongfu, and the selected Tong Jia clan is not bad, also from the top family with the yellow flag Tong Jia, that is, the magnate who was once known as "half the world".
On December 18, 13013 in Jiaqing, Tong Jia officially married into the imperial family and became the successor of the second brother Mianning.
In fact, before Mianning and Tong Jiashi married, Jiaqing's dream of being an emperor had already been realized.
On April 21 of that year, the official woman Nala clan around Mianning gave birth to the eldest son Yiwei, Jiaqing Emperor Longyan Dayue, who sealed the sixth palace, and at the same time gave Birth to Yiwei's biological mother Nala clan as Mianning side Fujin.
Mianning seems to be very satisfied with the jifu Jin that his father chose for him, and is extremely fond of Tong Jiashi, and in the fifth year after marriage, Tong Jiashi gave birth to an eldest daughter for Mianning. It is said that at this time, Mianning was already 32 years old, and her first daughter had just been born, and I have to say that this is the credit of Mianning Concubine Fujin (Empress Xiaomucheng).
Mianning is also very fond of this eldest daughter, but sometimes, the more you like someone, the easier it is to lose.
In October of the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, the eldest daughter of Mianning died prematurely, at the age of seven, and Jiaqing decreed that this granddaughter be posthumously made the lord of the county. A year later, Mianning succeeded to the throne, posthumously honored the eldest daughter as Princess Duan mercy Gulun, and built a luxurious princess bed for her, which was second only to the Duanhui Crown Prince garden in Qianlong.
After Daoguang succeeded to the throne, Tong Jiashi, who was the original successor to Fujin, was made empress and lived in Chuxiu Palace. At the same time, he ordered his foreign relatives to promote Tong Jia's brother Yu Kuanjin as the Marquis of Cheng'en of the First Rank:
"The only religious country." Zi Yu Shun condensed. The main court. Concord and matched. Si Huiyin yu Wei Wei. Only the inner cultivation is the basis of the king.comification. The ritual law is in River Island. Si Zhongqi is the foundation of human morality. Chen shu is both a couple. Bao Jian Zhao. Tong Jiashi, Gao Yanfen. Famous. Xian De Rong yu Tu Shi. Yu Chonghe. Respectfully, Yu Guizhang. Respectfully. Former Residence Guiyuan. Chicken singing traffic police in copper. Now Bong pepper coating. Hungden Allows Fu GuiGu. Zi Qin undertook the will of Empress Dowager Ci. With the Golden Book of Kimberlier as empress. Erqi is only a matter of xuan. Su will be subdued. Humble and frugal to Xiang Zong. Rou Jia bowed in praise. For the mother of the world. Remembrance of the shoulders of the reassigned Miyako Ryosa. No forgetting to complement each other's diligence. Mao Xi Yi Zhang. Longevity and well-being. Thanks. ”
In the third year of Daoguang, Daoguang's eldest son Yiwei got married, and Chuxiu Palace hung up Caizi and performed a theatrical performance in Chuxiu Palace, which shows that Yiwei's adoptive mother is Tong Jiashi.
In the sixth year of Daoguang, Tong Jia's father, the First Rank Cheng'en Duke and the Hangzhou general Shu Ming'a, died, and the Daoguang Emperor gave him three hundred and two silver to be buried, and ordered Shu Ming'a's son Yu Cheng (Tong Jia's eldest brother) to inherit the title.
3. Empress of the Qing Dynasty who died of a violent illness
According to the Qing Palace Pulse case, Tong Jia's body has been quite good, except for constipation and food stagnation, there is no other problem.
However, by the second half of the twelfth year of Daoguang, Tong Jiashi began to fall ill, and the symptoms were phlegm fever and numbness in his hands and feet, but at this time, the condition was very mild and was under the control of the imperial doctor.
But in April of the following year (the thirteenth year of Daoguang), Tong Jia's condition suddenly worsened, and he died within a few days, from the onset of illness to death, only a few days, it is most appropriate to call it "violent death". Of course, as for the specific causes of the violent death, it is not recorded in the historical records.
However, judging from the series of performances of Daoguang later, it seems that Daoguang's relationship with this stepwife is very good.
From the day of Tong Jia's death, Daoguang would pay homage to his Zi Palace every day, as many as fifty or sixty times before and after, and Daoguang also mentioned Tong Jiashi in the upper edict, "Twenty-six years after the death of The Emperor, Rou Jiawei, filial piety is not violated." A common knowledge in this palace".
In addition, every New Year's Day, Daoguang would send Tian Concubine to the apse of the Chuxiu Palace where Tong Jia lived before his death, speculating that the private relationship between Tian Concubine and Empress Tong Jia should be good, both of them are from famous people, the style is more decent, and there are many similarities.
On July 24, 1313, Daoguang registered Tong Jia as Empress Xiaoshen:
"Dehe Kunyuan. All nations look up to xuan's boudoir. Zhixiang Taiyun. Qian qiu increases the brilliance of the pipe. Burmese yi is a sign. Yong Huai Lan Sleep. Broadcast the emblem and allow it. Style Huan Zhi Letter. Etiquette is exalted. Praise is overwhelming. Only the Empress Xiang Zhongxun valve. Gyeongyan Mingzong. Sexually gentle. The degree of moving table honing. Pure in body. The sound of a quiet piano. Thirteen years in the middle of the palace. Sasuke and Buze. Twenty-six years of political revision. It is advisable to drape zhai in a vertical shape. Greetings to each Yin Ding Province. Huan Chengxuan Hall. You jin qiming led the training. Kiss the mulberry altar. Da Cheng is sorry to recommend Xin Xiang. Reichshof was devastated. Praise and concubines. Ren Yi Qia Pepper Coating. Contains the text of the Inspector Yi Hui. Hongxuan Fengzhi. The daughter of a man of life. Mao Jinhong name. Filial piety. Love and respect. Caution is not slack. Zhang Suzhi's frugality. Sound real charms. Yi Zhangsu. Hereby honored Empress Xiaoshen. Yu drama. After the letter is passed on. The Four Teachings of the Association of Public Opinion. Beauty and beauty. Two words can lead to good. Bing Dan is responsible for not taking the place. Co-trace the rules. The bamboo is hanging in infinity. Mi zhao made Wen Zhi accept the favor. Silence and honor. ”
In July of the same year, in an examination held with officials from the Hanlin Academy and the Zhan Shifu, the title was "Falling Leaves" to mourn the recently deceased Empress Xiaoshen.
On October 18, 14th year of Daoguang, before Empress Xiaoshen's 27-month mourning period had passed, the Daoguang Emperor ascended to the Imperial Palace of Taihe and could not wait to make another woman empress, and this woman was the most beloved woman in Daoguang's life: Empress Xiaoquancheng.
On December 11, 15th year of Daoguang, more than two years after her death, Empress Xiaoshen's Tong Jia clan was buried with Empress Xiaomu in the Muling Underground Palace in Longquanyu, and later, after the three emperors of Xianfeng, Tongzhi, and Guangxu, Tong Jia's final titles were: Xiao Shen Min Su Zhe Shun and Yi Cheng Hui Dun Ke Xi Tianzhi Shengcheng Empress.
Zichen said:
Because Daoguang originally matched Empress Xiaomucheng and did not become an empress before her death, in fact, Empress Xiaoshencheng was the first empress in the true sense of Daoguang, and she was born in a famous family, "Rou Jiaweize, filial piety is not violated", which made the harem of the Qing Dynasty continue to be stable, and relieved Daoguang of worries.
However, it was also during the reign of Empress Xiao Shencheng that some favored concubines appeared, such as Quanfei, Xiangfei, and Jingfei. After the slightly calm Jiaqing harem, the harem of the Qing Dynasty once again entered a period of sword-rattling palace fighting chaos.
References: Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Qing Shilu, Shangzhi Archive, General Genealogy of the Eight Banners of Manchurian Clans