The "Biography of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty" is recorded: "Fu Lin was the first generation of emperors after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. He was only in power for 10 years. On the one hand, many maladministrations in the last years of the Ming Dynasty were eliminated, and on the other hand, it overcame certain backward factors of the Manchu rulers themselves, and to a certain extent, it swept away the famine outside the Guanguan by co-opting han scholars, thus alleviating ethnic and class contradictions, developing social productive forces, and realizing the reunification of Chinese territory except Taiwan. This laid a solid foundation for the development of China during the Kang Yongqian period. It is in this sense that Fu Lin was a key monarch at the founding of the Qing Dynasty and played a progressive role in Chinese history. ”
As the ninth son of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, Fu Lin ascended the throne at the age of six and was also the first emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the Guanguan, and his biological mother was the famous Empress Xiaozhuang. The Shunzhi Emperor is most well known not for his ascension to the throne at an early age, nor for his merits, but for his love with Concubine Dong.
The love of the young Tianzi Shunzhi for Dong Efei was very obvious. When Concubine Dong Efei had just entered the palace, Shunzhi was afraid that Concubine Xian had wronged her, so on the grounds that "She was sensitive and wise and good, and had not yet been above Dong E'e's clan", she held a ceremony for Dong E's concubines.
The love story of Shunzhi and Dong Efei was passed down to future generations and envied by the world. In contrast, the women in the Shunzhi harem became tragic, and the Kangxi Emperor's birth mother, Empress Xiaokangzhang, Tong Jiashi, was one of them.
An ordinary woman among three thousand beautiful women
Tong Jia was born in Manchuria to a Han military banner family, the father of the Qing Dynasty Shaobao, Zhou Shan Erzhen and tong Tulai.
In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), Tong Jiashi, who was only 14 years old, entered the palace and became a woman in the harem of the Shunzhi Emperor.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the harem system was not yet perfect, and there was no concubine title, so Tong Jia's title was only Fujin, but it was slightly higher than the rank of Xiaofujin and Gege, and it was not called a concubine, and it was not as high as the noble daughter of the Mongol clan.
However, tong Jiashi, who was also unremarkable, became pregnant with a prince after a favor in Shunzhi, which was later the Kangxi Emperor.
According to records, when Tong Jia was pregnant, he once went to the palace of the Shunzhi Emperor's birth mother, Empress Zhaosheng, to greet him. The empress dowager found that Tong Jia's clothes were shining on the front and back plackets, and a small dragon was usually coiled.
Empress Zhaosheng was very surprised, and after thinking about it, she said to Tong Jiashi, "When Empress Dowager Zhao (the empress dowager claimed to be) pregnant with the emperor, this kind of light also appeared, and it seems that you will also give birth to a rich and noble prince." ”
Sure enough, as the empress dowager said, in the near future, the third prince Xuan Ye was born.
Although Tong Jia gave birth to a clever and lovely prince for the Shunzhi Emperor, he did not receive Shunzhi's pity, and his position in the harem did not change, until the death of the Shunzhi Emperor, Tong Jia had always been a concubine.
At that time, before Dong E's family entered the palace, the Shunzhi Emperor remembered her birth and maintenance merits, and occasionally turned over her "brand". But when Shunzhi's lifelong love, Dong Eshi, entered the palace, Tong Jiashi was completely forgotten in the deep palace.
Spoil alone, snub the birth of a child
For the Shunzhi Emperor, Dong Efei was not only his confidant, but more like his spiritual pillar. However, fate did not treat Concubine Dong E, and the son she gave birth to died in less than 100 days. Two years later, Princess Dong died, at this time at the age of 22.
Dong Efei left only endless mourning for the Shunzhi Emperor, and after more than four months, the news of the death of the Shunzhi Emperor came out of the imperial court. There are even rumors that the Shunzhi Emperor was devastated by the death of Concubine Dong E, and once escaped into the empty door.
When Shunzhi died, only the ten-year-old Brother Fuquan was left, the eight-year-old Third Brother Xuanye, the six-year-old Fifth Brother Changning, and the two-year-old Seventh Ago Longxi.
Therefore, in terms of the identity of the mother, these four princes are all out of the house, and the identity gap is not large. No one was more noble than anyone else, but Tong Jia's father had a higher official position, while Dong E's and Niu's were Manchurians, and they were more qualified than Tong Jia's Han military banner.
In summary, it was Dong E's second brother Fuquan who was the most suitable, but despite this, in the end, Empress Zhaosheng appointed him as the heir to the throne on the grounds that the third brother XuanYe had smallpox.
Tong Jia's full of glory
Later, with the support of the four vassals of Soni, Suksaha, Shubilong, and Aobai, the three brothers Xuanye successfully succeeded to the throne as the Kangxi Emperor.
The Kangxi Emperor is well-known in the history of the Qing Dynasty and even in the history of ancient dynasties, as Bai Jin commented on the Qing Kangxi Emperor: "(He) has the advantages of all the people in the world, and among the monarchs of the world, the Kangxi Emperor should be listed as the first class of British lords." The Kangxi Emperor's filial piety and gratitude were so rare that he gained the respect and support of the people of the whole country. ”
Kangxi became the emperor above all people, which meant that Tong Jia, as the birth mother, ushered in the "spring".
In October of the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1662), Kangxi honored his concubine as Empress Renxian and his birth mother Tong Jia as Empress Dowager Cihe, which was also the first time in the history of the Qing Dynasty that two empresses appeared and respected.
However, Tong Jia did not enjoy a long blessing, and within five months of being revered as empress dowager, that is, on February 11 of the second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1663), Tong Jia died at the age of 24, becoming the shortest-lived empress dowager of the Qing Dynasty.
After Tong Jia's death, the Kangxi Emperor buried him in Xiaoling, together with the Shunzhi Emperor and Concubine Dong. In May of the eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1669), after the Kangxi Emperor overthrew Aobai and his pro-government, in order to elevate his birth mother, the Oh family, he also raised tong Jiazheng's Tong Jia clan from the Zhenglan banner of the Han army to the yellow flag of the Han army, which was also the first time that the qing dynasty raised the flag.
On the first day of May of the following year, the Kangxi Emperor took his birth mother's courtesy name "Zhang" and served at the Taimiao Temple, and from then on Tong Jia was known as Empress Xiaokangzhang.
In addition, Kangxi also made his maternal grandfather the Duke of Cheng'en, stipulated that the title could be hereditary, and reused many maternal people as officials.
Perhaps no one expected that just because of an Empress Xiaokangzhang, Tong Jiashi had received so many holy favors. It even made the Tong Jia clan once become the most prosperous family in the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and was known as the "Tong Half Dynasty".
brief summary
Tong Jiashi's records in the history books are not much, and posterity does not know much, but with the attitude of the Shunzhi Emperor towards him, it is not difficult to know that her life was full of difficulties. Although Tong Jia gave birth to the third brother Xuan Ye, he could not get a trace of pity from her husband, so from this point of view, fate was unfair to Tong Jia.
This is also the epitome of the unfortunate encounter of most women in the imperial harem. Fortunately, fate still favored Tong Jia, and she gave birth to a very good son, which brought prosperity to the Qing Dynasty, which may also be the most gratifying to Tong Jia.
Reference: Biography of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty
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