We know that during the Second Civil Revolutionary War in the mid-1930s, the Long March of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army composed an extremely tragic and magnificent colorful movement in the magnificent epic of the Chinese revolution. The history of the Red 25th Army's Long March northward from the revolutionary base area of Eyuwan is an important part of the history of the Red Army's Long March.
The glorious red 25th army, in the case of long-term loss of contact with the central authorities, took the initiative to take measures of the overall situation, independently made the decision to go north to resist Japan, began the Long March in a difficult environment, experienced hundreds of battles and never failed, was the first Red Army in the Long March to reach northern Shaanxi, and at the end of the Long March, the number of soldiers increased by the number of soldiers, and 97 founding generals of the republic were forged, which made immortal merits for the victory of the Chinese revolution.
The re-establishment of the Red 25th Army is inseparable from an important figure, that is, Shen Zemin, who was the acting secretary of the Eyuwan Central Branch and the secretary of the Eyuwan Provincial CPC Committee.
In October 1932, at the meeting of Huang Chaifa of the Eyu-Anhui Central Bureau, Shen Zemin waged a tit-for-tat struggle against Zhang Guotao's right-leaning escapism, advocating that the Red Army remain in the Soviet zone and disperse guerrillas, while Zhang Guotao led the main force of the Red Fourth Front Army to withdraw from the Eyuwan base area without authorization, and Shen Zemin insisted on the arduous armed struggle in the Eyu-Anhui base area. In the face of the enemy's frenzied attack, he led the army and people in the base areas to reorganize the Red Twenty-fifth Army, resolutely put an end to the "purge" campaign carried out by Zhang Guotao, saved the base areas, protected a number of Red Army cadres, and made important contributions to the Chinese revolution.
At the end of November 1932, the village of Tanshugang in the north of Hong'an County was bustling with slogans, the village's red flag was displayed, the gongs and drums were noisy, the crowds were weaving, and the heroic and strong military commanders stepped onto the rostrum, and the voice was loud and announced: The Twenty-fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was re-established. The birth of the Red 25th Army, an important armed force of our Party during the Second Civil Revolutionary War, was officially proclaimed.
After the Red 25th Army was reorganized, under the leadership of the Eyu-Anhui Provincial Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China, and in the form of guerrilla warfare, Chiang Kai-shek used 15 divisions of regular troops and a large number of local reactionary forces to continuously "clear the countryside," "clear the countryside," and "encircle and suppress" this red area. In particular, in the Battle of Guojiahe, after more than 1 hour of fierce fighting, more than 2,000 enemy troops were killed and captured, a large number of weapons, ammunition and military materials were captured, and the first major victory after the reorganization of the Red Twenty-fifth Army was achieved. Subsequently, the Red Twenty-fifth Army won successive victories in two battles at Panjiahe and Yangsizhai, initially reversing the unfavorable situation in the Eyu-Anhui base area. It effectively responded to the Long March of the Central Main Force, the Red Army.
Just when the situation in the Eyu-Anhui base area was just getting better, the "Left" adventurous leaders put forward a demand to the Eyu-Anhui Provincial CPC Committee to seize the central city, and as a result, in the Battle of Qiliping our army lost most of the half, the enemy carried out an even more frenzied counterattack, blockade, and encirclement and suppression, and the provincial party committee and the Red Twenty-fifth Army went to the Area of Tiantai Mountain, fought hard, and the environment and conditions were extremely harsh. Shen Zemin, like the commanders and fighters of the Red Army, fed on kudzu vines, leaves, and grass roots.
In these extremely difficult years, Shen Zemin, the secretary of the provincial party committee, was already seriously ill, malaria and tuberculosis, worsening day by day, vomiting blood, and could only be carried on a stretcher. In order not to drag everyone down, Shen Zemin decided to leave the army and go to Liujiawan in the depths of Tiantai Mountain to recuperate. Before leaving, he inspected the troops, said goodbye to his comrades-in-arms one by one, and instructed them: "We must realize the change of the party's policy of struggle in the spirit of ten thousand deaths, and strive for the victory of the revolution!" ”
Tiantai Mountain, where Shen Zemin recovered, is located at the junction of Hong'an in Hubei Province and Xinxian County in Henan Province, and belongs to the Dabie Mountain Range. Tiantai Mountain mountain-shaped platform, coincidentally like heaven, its platform rises from the ground, abruptly bending. The boulders in the mountains are broken, the ravines are longitudinal, the streams are babbling, and the forests are deep and densely forested. Liujiawan is very small, only a dozen households, more than a hundred people, surrounded by mountains, green all year round.
Due to the enemy's continuous search and arrest of the Red Army, he lived alone in the home of the peasant Liu Kecheng, he carried Shen Zemin to this cave to hide in the early morning every day, and at noon he secretly went up the mountain to send him something to eat, and it took at least 40 minutes to walk from the village to the cave.
At that time, the villagers of Liujiawan took good care of Shen Zemin with the greatest enthusiasm, however, with the continuous search and arrest of the enemy, setting fire to the mountains and burning down the village, in order to avoid the enemy's "liquidation and suppression", there were only a few elderly people left in the whole bay, many villagers were homeless, every household had nothing, Shen Zemin even had a very difficult time eating, mainly living on wild fruits and kudzu.
More than 20 days later, under the pressure of serious illness and hunger, Shen Zemin died heroically, at the age of 31, because the enemy situation was complicated at that time, it was too late to find the coffin, after Shen died, he demolished the two door panels of the household, sandwiched the martyr Shen Zemin inside, and then buried it with wild vines as a coffin. At that time, the iron door knockers on the gate were too late to get down. When martyr Shen Zemin died, he wore a worn-out gray cloth military uniform with a pair of vinyl-soled leather shoes on his feet.
Shen Zemin is the younger brother of the famous Chinese writer Mao Dun, who studied in the Soviet Union, was a university professor, and knew 4 Chinese words, his life was short, but his contributions to China's new literary cause and the merits he made for the Chinese revolution are immortal and will always be remembered by the people. At that time, in order to commemorate Shen Zemin, the Forty-eighth Meeting of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet in Jiangxi Revolutionary Base Area decided to rename the "Soviet University" to the "National Shen Zemin Soviet University".
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to commemorate the martyrs and carry forward the great spirit of this revolutionary sage, the local people built a mausoleum for future generations to visit and worship; in the cave of Liujiawan, the cave was originally nameless, because Shen Zemin hid here for more than 20 days, in order to commemorate him, the local people named it "Zemin Cave", so that the immortal merits of this revolutionary martyr who fought for the liberation cause of the Chinese people will forever be remembered in the hearts of the people.