preface
In 2015, the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Great Patriotic War and the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, at the invitation of Russian President Putin, Chinese state leaders attended the celebration held in Moscow to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Great Patriotic War and visited Russia.
Russia celebrates the 70th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War
In the special year of the 70th anniversary of Russia's victory in the Great Patriotic War, neither the Chinese nor Russian people will forget a special figure, that is, Mao Anying, the son of the great leader Chairman Mao.
Mao Anying was the eldest son of Chairman Mao and Yang Kaihui, who suffered all kinds of hardships as a child and later came to the Soviet Union to study. Unfortunately, he died on the Korean battlefield.
Bitter childhood
On November 25, 1950, U.S. aircraft bombed the headquarters of the Chinese Volunteer Army, and Mao Anying, who was working in the war room, was swallowed up by U.S. gasoline bombs and died on the Korean battlefield.
Peng Dehuai sent the news of Mao Anying's sacrifice to Chairman Mao in the form of a telegram, and Chairman Mao pondered for a moment after listening to it, then lit a cigarette in his hand and said slowly:
"Revolutionary wars always cost people death."
Chairman Mao and Mao Anying
Chairman Mao, as a father, was very sad, but these sorrows were deeply hidden in his heart, and he could only show them when no one was there. After Mao Anying's sacrifice, Chairman Mao neatly folded the clothes he had worn before his death in the cabinet, and Chairman Mao often touched these clothes silently and wept, remembering his son's various pasts.
Mao Anying was born in 1922 and was the eldest son of Chairman Mao. Because Chairman Mao was engaged in revolutionary activities, Mao Anying always lived with his mother and grandmother. Despite their lack of their father's company, their lives were relatively peaceful.
Such days did not last long, and in 1927 Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution and turned his guns on the Chinese Communists and the masses of workers and peasants. As the leader of the Chinese revolution, Chairman Mao led a detachment up Jinggangshan to explore the way for the Chinese revolution.
Due to the intensification of the contradictions between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Chairman Mao was regarded by Chiang Kai-shek as a thorn in his eye and a thorn in his flesh, and he repeatedly ordered the search and arrest of Chairman Mao and his relatives. Therefore, at the age of six, Mao Anying followed his mother and brother to hide around, and successively went to Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangzhou and other places, and soon Yang Kaihui returned to Changsha with his brothers and hid.
Yang Kaihui with two children
Although Yang Kaihui was very cautious, he was still heard by the reactionaries. The warlord He Jian sent people to break into Yang Kaihui's home, kidnapped Mao Anying and his nanny, and locked him up at the garrison headquarters.
In the early morning of October 24, 1930, five or six fierce enemies broke into his and his mother's cell and forcibly dragged her away. Yang Kaihui said to Mao Anying before leaving:
"When you grow up, you'll live a good life."
But what Mao Anying did not expect was that this was the last thing his mother said to himself.
Yang Kaihui was then dragged out of her cell, and the enemy tortured her for more than 20 days. The warlord He Jian felt that he could not get any useful information from Yang Kaihui, so he issued the order to "shoot and brutalize the corpse for three days".
Yang Kaihui
After Yang Kaihui's sacrifice, Mao Anying successfully escaped from prison under the rescue of his uncle Yang Kaizhi and others, and then he and his younger brother Mao Anqing were sent to Shanghai and came to the side of his uncle Mao Zemin. Mao Anying often cried next to his uncle and complained about finding his father, and Mao Zemin said helplessly: "Your father is not in Shanghai now, he is far away from here." If he comes to Shanghai, he will definitely come to see you. ”
In order to cultivate the strength of the revolution, Mao Anying came to the Datong Children's Home organized by the party organization to study, and his uncle Mao Zemin constantly encouraged him:
"You must study hard and, like your parents, carry the revolutionary cause through to the end."
Mao Anying remembered his uncle's teachings, he was not only well-behaved and sensible, but also assumed the responsibilities of his brother, and also took good care of his younger brothers Shore Qing and Shore Dragon.
However, such days did not last long, and the activities of the underground party organization were betrayed by traitors, the kindergarten children were forced to evacuate, and Mao Anying and his two younger brothers were sent to the home of the pastor Dong Jianwu.
Mao Anying and Mao Anying
Due to the change in the situation in Shanghai, Dong Jianwu decided to leave Shanghai and go to Wuhan to live, and the three Mao Anying brothers could not support their current lives and began a wandering life. His younger brother Mao Anlong died of illness in a broken temple in the process of wandering.
The brothers Mao Anying and Mao Anqing spent five years wandering in Shanghai, and in 1936, the underground party found the two brothers in Shanghai. Under the organization's arrangement, Mao Anying and Mao Anqing were sent to Moscow to study.
Mao Anying in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union
At the end of 1936, Mao Anying and Mao Anqing were sent to the Ivanovo State Children's Hospital on the outskirts of Moscow to study. The two brothers and Chairman Mao gathered less and left more, and when they were young, they went to other places, so Chairman Mao was very concerned about the study of the two brothers, and he said in a letter to the two brothers:
"How have you been lately?" Is there any progress? I was fine, and I read a little book, but not much, and I always felt very satisfied. I, Comrade Torimber Qu, bought a batch of books and sent them to you, but I wonder if I received them? ”。
Mao Anying's interests in learning are very extensive, and in addition to learning knowledge in the classroom, he also studies philosophical works in his free time.
Photograph of Mao Anying during the Soviet period
While teaching at the Ivanovo International Children's Institute, they require students to speak only Russian. Mao Anying wrote a letter specifically to his father because of this matter. After Chairman Mao learned of this, he specially issued instructions to the Chinese Communist Party stationed in the Soviet Union: Children's education must correct deviations and comprehensively learn traditional Chinese cultural knowledge.
During the five years of studying in the Soviet National Children's Home, Mao Anying was smart and studious, loved the military and current affairs, and gradually became the "little leader" in the children's home. During this time, he wrote an article entitled "Chinese Children in the Soviet Union", which was written smoothly and beautifully. The article happened to be seen by Zhou Enlai, who was treating an arm injury in Moscow, and brought back to China, and later published in the "New China Daily", which was unanimously praised by everyone.
In 1941, Mao Anying's teacher persuaded him to become a Soviet citizen. Mao Anying resolutely refused:
"I am a Chinese, I want to serve my country, if I become a Soviet citizen, it will not be very convenient."
The Germans launched a blitzkrieg
On June 22, 1941, the German fascists launched a blitzkrieg and launched a major attack on the Soviet Union. After the outbreak of war, the city of Ivanovo began to organize citizens to dig anti-tank trenches, and students from the International Children's Institute also participated in this huge project.
In temperatures of more than 40 degrees below zero, children with shovels in their hands dug up a layer of frozen soil as hard as stone. Chinese children are proactive in their work and have been praised by the local government many times, and Mao Anying, as the "head of the child" in the children's hospital, has been respected by everyone.
Stalin, supreme leader of the Soviet Union
In May 1942, Mao Wing wrote a letter in Russian to Stalin, the supreme leader of the Soviet Union, stating his request to go to war. Mao Anying wrote in his letter:
"I am a Young Chinese, I studied in the Soviet Union for five years, I love the Soviet Union as much as I love my own motherland, I want to avenge the thousands of peace-loving people who were killed, I resolutely went to the battlefield, please be sure to approve my request."
After dozens of days of sending the letter, there was no movement. One day, General Manuirsky, deputy director of the Political Department of the Soviet Army, came to the city of Ivanovo to inspect, and Mao Anying took the initiative to mention to him his request to join the army.
General Manuelski saw Mao Anying's determination, but he feared Mao Anying's safety. Eventually, Mao Anying, with the help of General Manuelski, came to study at the Suya Non-Commissioned Officer School.
A scene in the Soviet-German War
In January 1943, thanks to the efforts of the entire Soviet people, the Red Army drove the aggressors out of the borders. When Mao Anying repeatedly asked to go to the front to participate in the war, the Soviet government specially sent an officer to accompany Mao Anying to various battlefields for a roundabout, but Mao Anying did not directly participate in the war.
In 1944, the Second Belorussian Front had completed the largest strategic offensive of the Soviet Army, the Battle of Belarus, and successfully reached the polish and Prussian border, while Mao Anying became an apprentice of the Second Belorussian Front.
In 1945, the Soviet Union won the Great Patriotic War. After the war, Stalin received Mao Anying and gave him a pistol as a souvenir. Although Mao Anying was not directly involved in this war, he had a deep understanding in his heart, which also made him more firm in his faith.
Chairman Mao: You will go to the Labor University for another year
One day in early December 1945, a Soviet plane arrived in Yan'an. Under the arrangement of the Soviet government, surgeon Arov and physician Mirniko came to Yan'an to see Chairman Mao, accompanied by Chairman Mao's son Mao Anying.
Chairman Mao and Mao Anying
When Chairman Mao learned that his son had returned to Yan'an, he ran to the airport to greet him. As Mao Anying slowly stepped off the plane, Chairman Mao stepped forward and clasped his hands tightly with his son. Chairman Mao carefully looked at his son and sighed, "They have all grown so tall." ”
The son returned to his side, and Chairman Mao's health and mood began to improve. Although Chairman Mao loved his son very much, after only two days of eating together, Chairman Mao asked Mao Anying to come to the canteen of the organ to eat a large stove and not allow him to engage in specialization.
Early one morning, Chairman Mao suddenly called out to Mao Anying, and father and son began to talk. Mao Anying reported his studies in the Soviet Union in recent years to his father. After Mao Anying finished speaking, Chairman Mao said in a serious tone:
"You have lived in the Soviet Union for so many years, you are not familiar with the domestic environment, you have graduated from university in the Soviet Union, and now you are back in china, and you will go to the Labor University for another year."
Mao Anying remembered his father's teachings, and the next day he picked up a hoe and came to the field to work with everyone. When encountering any dirty work, Mao Anying never complained, he has always worked diligently and sincerely, and has been unanimously praised by the villagers.
Chairman Mao during the Yan'an period
In 1946, Hu Zongnan mobilized heavy troops to launch a large-scale attack on Yan'an. When Mao Anying left Yan'an, men, women and children from the village came to see him off.
After that, Mao Anying continued to return to Chairman Mao's side, and he talked to his father about his labor harvest at the grassroots level over the past few months. Chairman Mao looked at his son's strong arms and black face and said happily:
"Okay, the white fat man has become the black fat man."
In March 1947, under the arrangement of the Party Central Committee, Mao Anying participated in the Central Land Reform Work Group, and he came to the Luliang area of Shanxi to carry out large-scale land reform, and then he accompanied the Central Working Group to Xibaipo to observe the National Land Conference held here.
In 1949, after the liberation of Beijing, the party organization rearranged Mao Anying's tasks, and he led a small detachment to the city to eliminate all risks in the important activity areas of the central leaders, so as to ensure that Chairman Mao and other central leading comrades could enter Beijing safely.
In the spring of 1950, Mao Anying accompanied Li Kenong on a visit to the Soviet Union and served as an interpreter for the trip, after which he took the initiative to go to the grassroots level and served as the deputy secretary of the party branch of the Beijing Machinery General Factory. Although he was chairman Mao's son, he set strict demands on himself at all times and maintained close ties with the masses of the people.
Chairman Mao and his family
Li Kenong refused Mao Anying's entry into the DPRK: You should go home and ask your father
In 1950, when the Korean War broke out, the United States sent planes to bomb China's northeast border area and burned the war to the border between China and North Korea.
After the outbreak of the Korean War, Li Kenong, director of the General Intelligence Department of the Central Military Commission, often worked all night in the General Staff. His gaze crossed the Korean Peninsula hundreds of times, an oversized military map.
One day, Mao Anying put a stack of documents on Li Kenong's desk and drew out several copies for Li Kenong to sign. After Li Kenong finished signing, he did not care to talk to Mao Anying and continued to devote himself to his work.
General Li Kenong
Li Kenong was also aware of some changes in Mao Anying these days, and he was preparing to take time to talk to Mao Anying about his heart, but at this time, he obviously did not notice the subtle expression on Mao Anying's face.
Mao Anying was transferred to Li Kenong as a secretary in early 1950, and Mao Anying was no stranger to Li Kenong. When he was married to Liu Siqi, Chairman Mao hosted several guests at home, and during the banquet, Chairman Mao pointed to an old man with a kind expression and said, "This is Comrade Li Kenong." Mao Anying had long heard of Li Kenong's name, and this meeting left a deep impression on Mao Anying's heart.
Later, he and Liu Siqi moved their family to Li Kenong's place of residence, living in a bungalow in the courtyard, because Liu Siqi went back to school on Monday, usually only Mao Anying and Li Kenong got along day and night, and Li Kenong also knew Mao Anying's personality very well.
When Li Kenong buried his head in work, Mao Anying directly confessed his thoughts:
"Minister Lee, I want to go to Korea to fight, so you can let me go."
Li Kenong was shocked in his heart, he did not have any ideological preparation, and he did not expect that Mao Anying's restlessness in the past few days was caused by this incident, Li Kenong advised:
"It's the same everywhere you do revolutionary work, but I don't think you should go."
Lee Kenong (second from right) during armistice negotiations in Korea
And Li Kenong was actually worried that Chairman Mao's son was on the front line, what if there was a three long and two short.
Immediately afterward, Li Kenong changed the subject on the grounds that the emergency cable needed to be handled by Mao Anying, but Mao Anying was not satisfied, and he repeatedly begged Li Kenong, hoping that he could let him go abroad to fight.
In the end, Li Kenong was so worn out that he had no choice but to say to Mao Anying:
"I can't do your business, so you should go home and ask your father."
When Mao Anying heard Li Kenong say this, he felt that there was still a chance for things to turn around, so he hurriedly found his father to discuss the matter.
Chairman Mao expressed great approval for his son's participation in the war abroad, and mao Anying followed the Chinese Volunteer Army to the Korean battlefield.
After coming to the Korean battlefield, Mao Anying served as Peng Dehuai's confidential secretary and Russian translator. People revere Chairman Mao, so they have extra respect for Chairman Mao's son. But Mao Anying was very approachable, and he smiled at the people around him and said:
"I'm not a green-faced, red-haired monster, so why do you all always avoid me?"
Mao Anying was on the Korean front
As soon as Mao Anying's words came out, everyone began to laugh.
On November 25, 1950, the U.S. military sent aircraft to bomb the headquarters of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, and Mao Anying, who was working in the war room, was unfortunately swallowed up by the gasoline bombs dropped by the U.S. military.
On the night of Mao Anying's death, the Chinese Volunteer Army launched a second campaign. After the battle, Peng Dehuai sighed:
"Kishi Wasing was the first to propose to me to join the volunteer army, and at the time of national crisis, he stepped forward for the sake of the party and the people, which is not something that everyone can do."
The tomb of the Mao Anying martyr who remained in North Korea
Mao Anying guarded the faith with his own life, and he is still buried on Korean soil. More than 60 years have passed, and those martyrs like Mao Anying in a foreign country will always witness that unforgettable time.