The Tashan Blockade Battle refers to a defensive operation conducted by the 4th and 11th Columns of the Northeast Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army during the Liaoshen Campaign in order to ensure the main force to capture Jinzhou in the Tashan area southwest of Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, in order to ensure the main force to seize Jinzhou.
Tower Hill Hero Regiment Flag
The result of the Tashan Blockade Battle was that the Northeast Field Army, which our army participated in the battle, blocked the Kuomintang army from advancing east to aid Jinjin and won the victory. In this blockade war, our army did not have the advantage in geography and arms at that time, but in the end it won a victory. The following is a detailed analysis for you.
First, the unfavorable terrain is compared with the arms
Tashan is 30 kilometers away from Jinzhou, 4 kilometers away from Jinxi and only 5 kilometers away from Huludao. Surrounded by gentle undulating slopes, it is very unfavorable for defensive operations from the terrain, it is bordered by the Bohai Sea in the east and the Hongluo Da Nang Mountain and baitai mountain in the west. However, because Tashan is the only way from Jinxi to Jinzhou, it is also the only way for the Kuomintang Army's Western Advance Corps to reinforce Jinzhou, and of course it is also the only place where our army in the northeast can block the Kuomintang reinforcements.
Judging from the deployment of troops from both sides in the war, on October 7, 1948, the fourth column of our Northeast Field Army, which was ordered to hold Tashan, arrived one after another. The 1st Battalion of the 34th Regiment served as the regimental vanguard. After a 50-kilometer rapid march, it occupied the highlands on both sides of the village and began to repair the fortifications. Our army joined the Tashan Blockade only as a combination of infantry and artillery.
Topographic map of the Tower Hill Resistance Battle
Looking at the deployment of the Kuomintang troops, they gathered many senior commanders in Huludao and dispatched elite units of the navy, army, and air force to attack Tashan, and Chiang Kai-shek sent the "EastWard Marching Corps" commanded by Hou Jingru and the "Westward Advancing Corps" commanded by Liao Yaoxiang with the intention of reinforcing Jinzhou from the east and west.
That is to say, whether from the perspective of blocking the terrain, or the types of troops and troops, the Kuomintang army has a great advantage. It seems that the Battle of Tashan has not yet begun, and the victory or defeat has already begun.
Second, the reasons for our army's victory
However, to the surprise of the Kuomintang, the Tashan Blockade Battle began on October 10, 1948, and ended on October 15, a total of six days and six nights, and the fourth column and other units of our army killed and wounded more than 7,000 enemy troops, and finally won the victory. The reasons for the victory are summarized as follows:
The first is the correct operational deployment of our army. In the Battle of Tashan Blockade, The Four Fields correctly combined comprehensive defense with key defense, and used the combination of the rational deployment of the first and second lines, so that our army was in an invincible position.
Schematic diagram of the Tower Hill Blockade Battle
The specific deployment of troops is that Wu Kehua, commander of the fourth column, takes one division plus one battalion as the first echelon and the other two divisions as the second echelon to maintain strong staying power.
Second, our army's strong ideological and political work has played a key role. The party committees of the column mobilized one after another, put forward slogans such as "sticking to the position," "coexisting with the position," and "defending the victory of Jinzhou," and launched a "meritorious campaign" to call on communists to take the lead in heroically killing the enemy.
In the interval between the first stage of the blockade operation, the various units participating in the war took the opportunity to carry out "war evaluations," summed up experience from tactical tactics, and even commented on each person's individual combat skills. The battle evaluation and competition increased the confidence of the PLA soldiers to win. Therefore, the bravery and fearlessness of the Platon Army and the precision strikes of the artillery are the basis for the victory of this blockade battle.
Tashan Heroes Regiment Emblem
The third reason for our army's victory is the strong support of the broad masses of the people. The masses of the people in the battlefield actively and enthusiastically supported our army in its operations, and there were enthusiastic front-line scenes in the tashan front line, and it was precisely with the support of the masses of the people that the final victory in the tashan blockade battle was won.
Iii. The reasons for the defeat of the Kuomintang
The Kuomintang army gathered many senior commanders in Huludao and dispatched elite troops of the navy, army and air force to attack Tashan, and it was theoretically possible to conquer Tashan. However, this is not the case. At the cost of more than 6,000 casualties, the enemy army was unable to capture Tashan. The reasons for the failure are analyzed as follows:
The so-called operations of the army, navy, and air force are only in vain, and they cannot coordinate and unanimously carry out "three-dimensional strikes"; the navy and air force led by Gui Yongqing, commander of the navy, Wang Shuming, commander of the air force, and others at that time were not under the command of the army, which made the "commander-in-chief" dry-eyed.
Commemorating the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Tower Hill
For example, the cruiser Chongqing was worried about the depth of draft and stranded, the lack of main shells, and the action of our party's underground organization, only fired more than 20 shells and ended hastily. Therefore, in fact, the factions within the Kuomintang are tilted against each other, it is difficult for military command to order and prohibit ideological unification, and it is natural that it is difficult to form an effective coordinated effect in seemingly huge sea, land and air operations.
For another example, the independent 95th Division, nicknamed "Zhao Zilong Division" in the Kuomintang army, organized a large number of gold coupons to organize death squads, and on October 13, 1948, on the Tashan front, the whole division continuously shouted "there is no position that the 95th Division cannot attack". After only two days of fighting, the enemy's independent 95th Division suffered two-thirds of its casualties, and finally shrunk into 3 battalions and withdrew to North China.
The greed and fear of death of the Kuomintang army are in sharp contrast to the bravery and good fighting of the officers and men of our army, and their defeat is inevitable.
Fourth, historical influence
The significance of the victory or defeat of the Battle of Tashan, which took place in early October 1948, far exceeded a local battlefield, and it was not only related to the progress and even the outcome of the Liaoshen Campaign, but also affected the course of the Liberation War since then to a considerable extent.
Tower Hill Resistance Battle Memorial
Later, people referred to the Tashan Blockade Battle and the Black Mountain Blockade Battle in the Liaoshen Campaign and the Xudong Blockade Battle in the Huaihai Campaign as the "Three Major Blockade Battles" in the "Three Great Battles" of the Liberation War. It can be seen that its historical influence is extremely far-reaching.
In short, during the Tashan Blockade Battle, our army, under the condition that it did not have an advantage in geographical advantages or branches of the armed forces, relied on the meticulous pre-war arrangements, the heroic and good fighting of the officers and men of the People's Liberation Army who participated in the war, and the vigorous support of the broad masses of the people, and finally defeated the Kuomintang army with strong troops and complete arms, demonstrated the powerful power of our party and our army in a just war, and verified the truth that the people's war depends on the people.
We should learn from the courageous spirit of our revolutionary predecessors who are not afraid of sacrifice, dare to dare and are good at fighting the reactionary forces to the end in order to build a new China, inherit their fine traditions, and build our motherland into a stronger country and the people's happiness and health.
In memory of the heroes of the Tower Hill Blockade Battle
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