Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, close to the mainland Xinjiang.
Kyrgyzstan and the mainland have a deep relationship in history, during the Han Dynasty, they were the Xiongnu that the Han Dynasty wanted to attack, and in the Tang Dynasty, they became vassals of the Tang Dynasty, and even in order to get closer to the Central Plains, they claimed to be the descendants of the Han people.
Li Ling surrendered to the Xiongnu
Li Ling was a descendant of the famous Han general Li Guang, and Emperor Wudi of Han valued his talent very much, and when Emperor Wudi of Han attacked the Xiongnu, Li Ling asked Emperor Wudi of Han for his life, saying that he was willing to lead five thousand men and horses to attack the Xiongnu.
There was an unexpected storm in the sky, on the way to the march, Li Ling encountered the main Xiongnu army, the other side had 30,000 people, the Xiongnu army surrounded Li Ling, the two sides fought fiercely for several rounds, Li Ling's troops suffered heavy casualties.
Li Ling knew that this defeat was inevitable, so he ordered the soldiers to scatter and break through, and if anyone could get out of the encirclement alive, he could go back and deliver a letter to the emperor.
Li Ling felt that he had failed the emperor's trust, and he had no face to return to the face of the saint. So he pretended to surrender in the same place, and took the opportunity to lurk by the side of the Xiongnu Shan Yu, ready to find an opportunity to get rid of him.
However, Emperor Wudi of Han did not know the reason, he hoped that Li Ling could fight a battle, but unexpectedly, Li Ling "surrendered" halfway through, Emperor Wu of Han was furious and asked the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu's views on Li Ling's surrender, and most of the people, in order to save themselves, all echoed Emperor Wu of Han, saying that Li Ling was guilty.
Sima Qian was compiling the "Records of History" at that time, and he knew that Li Ling had always been loyal and filial, and that he must not surrender because he was afraid of death, so he advised Emperor Wu of Han not to surrender to Li Ling.
Emperor Wu of Han was overwhelmed by anger, and not only could not listen to Sima Qian's words, but also became angry with him, inflicted palace punishment on him, and killed the three tribes of Li Ling.
Li Ling was captured to the Xiongnu and was disheartened when he heard the news that his family had been killed, but the Xiongnu Shan Yu did not persecute him, on the contrary, with the help of the Xiongnu Shan Yu, Li Ling conquered the "Jiankun" tribe and lived here ever since.
The physical characteristics of the people here are completely different from those of the Han Chinese, they have red hair and turquoise eyes, fair skin, and a tall figure.
Therefore, they believe that if the child born has black hair and black eyes, then it is Li Ling's offspring.
North and South are opposites
By the Tang Dynasty, "Jiankun" was known as "Tang Dynasty", and this area was completely incorporated into the territory of the Tang Dynasty.
Envoys from the Tang Dynasty came to worship in the Tang Dynasty, and they claimed to be descendants of Li Ling of the Han Dynasty, and their ancestral home was the same as the Li Tang Imperial Family.
By the Yuan Dynasty, the "Kyrgyz" was called "Kyrgyzstan".
The Kyrgyz people successively attached themselves to the Qing Dynasty, Russia and other regimes until August 31, 1991, when the Kyrgyz Republic declared its independence.
After Kyrgyzstan declared its independence, the country did not embark on the path of tranquility, and the domestic forces formed their own parties, forming a situation of confrontation between the North and the South.
Kyrgyzstan is geographically divided into two parts, north and south, by the Tianshan Mountains, and geographical reasons have led to Kyrgyzstan's north-south problems.
The rich in the south and the rich in the north are the domestic economic pattern of Kyrgyzstan.
The traditional mode of production in the north of Kyrgyzstan is animal husbandry, but because of the convenient transportation here, industrial capital is more inclined to invest here, so that the production mode in the north is transformed from traditional animal husbandry to industry.
In the south, with the Fergana Basin as the core, the terrain is flat and the soil is fertile, and agriculture has always been the main mode of production, and due to the unique agricultural environment, this area has been set up as the national granary and labor export base.
The uneven distribution of agriculture and industry has led to differences in the level of economics between the North and the South.
Kyrgyz people are predominantly Muslim, but the understanding of Islam varies from the South to the North.
During Kyrgyzstan's southward migration, the South came into contact with Central Asian culture earlier than the North, and Islam first spread in the South and gradually gained a foothold.
Although The Kyrgyz people of the North also profess to be Muslim, many Northerners are unaware of any religious doctrines and sacraments.
In the north, Islam does not have a high status, the number of mosques is not large, and the religious ceremonies held are not standardized enough.
Their beliefs are the same, but their perceptions of their beliefs are different, which leads to hostility between the North and the South, with the North seeing the South as the stronghold of poor and backward Islamic extremist forces, and the South seeing the North as a colony and oppressor of modern industry.
There are irreconcilable contradictions in the cultures of the North and the South, which to some extent also affect the political landscape of Kyrgyzstan.
Political turmoil
The capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, is located in the middle of the Chu River Valley in the north, and the north has an absolute political and economic advantage, but the populations of the south and the north are almost the same, so the country must maintain a balance between the north and the south.
In order to maintain a fragile political balance, when electing national leaders, the president and the prime minister must come from different regions, that is, one of them must come from the south and the other from the north.
Take, for example, Askar Akayev, Kyrgyzstan's first post-state president, who came from the north and served as prime minister between 1990 and 2005, seven of whom were from the south.
In the case of north-south confrontation, it is not easy to maintain stability in Kyrgyzstan, and the intervention of foreign forces has made Kyrgyzstan's domestic politics even more chaotic.
In order to promote the integration of the North and the South and stabilize the political situation, Kyrgyzstan hopes to awaken the national consciousness of the people through history and promote domestic unity through race.
When studying the history of their country, they encountered a difficult problem, that is, Kyrgyzstan did not have its own script, nor did it have a history book, and they could only explore the clues left by themselves in history through the historical records of neighboring countries.
In the "Records of History" compiled by Sima Qian, they found records of "Jiankun" and "Guikun", on the basis of which the government publicized to the people: The Kyrgyz people have been passed down in history, blood is thicker than water, and it is an inseparable whole.