The original article is published in "Agricultural Economic Issues" No. 4, 2024
Summary:
The formation of new agricultural productivity plays an important role in promoting the high-quality development of agriculture and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. Based on a series of important expositions and major deployments of General Secretary Xi Jinping on new quality productivity, this paper sorts out and analyzes the connotation, characteristics, mechanisms, difficulties, challenges and practical problems, policy ideas and practical paths of the formation of new agricultural productivity to promote high-quality agricultural development according to the actual conditions and development trends of agricultural and rural economy. On the whole, the formation and development of new agricultural productivity in the agricultural field is of great significance to the high-quality development of agriculture, and its development process has many practical advantages and conditions as well as some difficulties and problems, so it is necessary to accelerate the formation of new agricultural productivity as an important focus, and establish and improve the effective mechanism of agricultural technology supply, improve the application and transformation efficiency of agricultural technology innovation achievements, strengthen the cultivation of agricultural innovative talents, improve the construction of new agricultural infrastructure, and build a new agricultural socialized service system as the key tasks. Promote the efficient and rational allocation of resource elements, especially scarce elements such as science and technology, talents, etc., to provide conditions for the formation of new quality productivity and the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas.
Keyword:
new quality productivity of agriculture; scientific and technological innovation; High-quality development
One
introduction
According to the theory of vertical integration of the industrial chain, vertical integration reflects the decision of an enterprise to replace market transactions with internal or administrative transactions to achieve its economic goals. The market failure caused by the interaction between human factors and environmental factors will lead to transaction costs in market transactions, and the vertical integration of enterprises into the industrial chain can help enterprises save costs, obtain economic benefits, and reduce the uncertainty of supply and demand. This theory provides a reasonable explanation for the transformation behavior of agricultural retailers in the vertical integration of the agricultural industry chain, and the following analytical framework is constructed in this paper.
The formation of new agricultural productivity plays an important role in promoting the high-quality development of agriculture and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. In September 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the concept of "new quality productivity" for the first time during his investigation in Heilongjiang, and emphasized "integrating scientific and technological innovation resources, leading the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and accelerating the formation of new quality productivity". Subsequently, the Central Economic Work Conference in December 2023 clearly pointed out that "it is necessary to promote industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation, especially to promote new industries, new models, new kinetic energy and develop new quality productivity with disruptive technologies and cutting-edge technologies". On January 31, 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized in the 11th collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on solidly promoting high-quality development that "the development of new quality productivity is an inherent requirement and an important focus for promoting high-quality development, and we must continue to do a good job in innovation to accelerate the development of new quality productivity".
The emergence of new agricultural productivity conforms to the law of development and evolution of productive forces, and the process of its formation and development is the process in which a series of new technologies emerge in the context of a new round of technological revolution and are continuously applied in agricultural production, thereby reshaping agricultural production and rural social form. Judging from the law governing the development and evolution of the productive forces, every time there is a huge and qualitative leap in the social productive forces, it is caused by a major breakthrough in the scientific and technological revolution. In the 60s of the 18th century, the first scientific and technological revolution marked by the widespread use of steam engines gave birth to the formation and development of productive forces with mechanical tools replacing manual labor as a new starting point; In the mid-to-late 19th century, the second scientific and technological revolution marked by the wide application of electric power technology and internal combustion engine technology gave birth to the formation and development of productive forces with large-scale changes in electric power, chemical industry, petroleum, automobile and other industries as a new starting point. In the second half of the 20 th century, the third scientific and technological revolution, marked by the breakthrough and widespread application of semiconductors, computers, and other technologies, gave birth to the formation and development of productive forces with large-scale changes in electronic product manufacturing, information, computer system design, and related services as a new starting point. Following the above-mentioned law of the development and evolution of productive forces, the new round of information technology revolution represented by the new generation of information technology, biotechnology, new material technology, and new energy technology, as well as the industrial transformation triggered thereby, are promoting the formation and development of new quality productive forces, and will inevitably give birth to new industrial forms. In the face of the current reform of the global economic order and the adjustment and transformation of China's economic structure, further promoting the development of new quality productivity has new significance in the process of promoting the high-quality development of China's economy, and the application of new quality agricultural productivity in the field of agriculture has also played an important role in the process of achieving high-quality development in agriculture and rural areas. The core of the new quality productivity is scientific and technological innovation, which is manifested in the continuous investment of new quality production factors and the continuous development of new quality industries, and ultimately affects and reshapes the production organization mode and the overall structure of the traditional industry. At the same time, the new quality productivity is closely related to the traditional productive forces, which grow with the traditional productive forces as the soil, and deeply affect the economic and social characteristics under the dominance of the traditional productive forces, which is the "abandonment" and "reconstruction" of the factor input structure, production organization mode, industrial structure and development mode under the traditional productive force structure.
"New quality productivity" is the latest achievement of Xi Jinping's economic thought. From the first mention of "new quality productivity", to the deployment of "development of new quality productivity" at the Central Economic Work Conference, to the systematic elaboration of the collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, a series of important expositions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on new quality productivity not only provide important support for promoting the high-quality development of China's economy, but also provide scientific guidance for the allocation of new quality agricultural productivity and the overall development of rural agriculture. At present, with the birth and outbreak of a new round of information technology revolution represented by digital technology and its extensive integration and penetration in various industrial fields, the new quality productivity of agriculture has also become an important support and guarantee for promoting the high-quality development of agriculture. This is because, as an important foundation of the economy and society, the wide application of new agricultural productivity is not only an important foundation for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, but also an important basis for narrowing the gap between urban and rural economic development and realizing the integration of urban and rural industries. In the process of vigorously and effectively promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, by accelerating the formation of new agricultural productivity, the harmonious and beautiful villages that are suitable for work and livability will also be realized as soon as possible.
At this stage, with the further acceleration of the pace of high-quality agricultural development and comprehensive rural revitalization, the importance of empowering high-quality agricultural development with the development of new quality productivity, and sorting out and analyzing the connotation, characteristics and mechanism of the formation of new agricultural productivity to promote high-quality agricultural development is further highlighted.
Two
New quality productivity promotes the high-quality development of agriculture
Connotative characteristics and mechanism of action
Agriculture is the foundation of industrial development. The focus of promoting the high-quality development of agriculture with new quality productivity is to transform the traditional and backward agricultural production and management mode into a modern and advanced agricultural production and management organization mode, and agricultural technology innovation is the core and important driving force to accelerate this process. The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial innovation has given birth to new agricultural productivity, forming a historical intersection with the mainland's comprehensive rural revitalization, providing a rare and major opportunity to promote high-quality agricultural development in the new era.
(1) The connotation characteristics of new agricultural productivity
By combing the literature, it can be found that there are many discussions on the concept and connotation of new quality productivity in the academic circles, and the definition of new quality productivity as a whole is relatively clear, while the concept of new quality productivity in agriculture is less involved, and the discussion on the definition and connotation of new quality productivity in agriculture is even rarer. According to Marx's definition of "productive forces, that is, the development of production capacity and its factors, is the ability of people to use laborers, labor objects and labor materials to combine and allocate to create the material products and services required by society under the established production relations", and at the same time refer to the definition of new quality productivity in the academic circles, that is, "new quality productivity is a new type of productivity that relies on scientific and technological innovation to realize the leap and upgrade of traditional productivity", this paper believes that the new quality productivity of agriculture refers to the basis and premise of breakthrough innovation. The new agricultural production capacity is mainly based on the industrial application of major new technologies, guided by modern advanced elements, marked by improving the input structure of factors and resource utilization efficiency, and mainly manifested by the transformation of agricultural production and operation mode, which plays a prominent role in boosting the leapfrog development of the rural economy. The essence of the new quality of agricultural productivity is advanced agricultural productivity, which requires further development of traditional agricultural production capacity, and through the innovation of technological application and organization mode in agricultural production, to achieve the optimization and upgrading of agricultural laborers, labor materials, labor objects and their combinations, as well as the substantial increase of agricultural total factor productivity, so as to further activate the potential of agricultural development. That is to say, the new quality productivity of agriculture includes three elements: new laborers, new means of production and new labor objects, which are mainly characterized by changes in the input structure of factors and the organizational mode of industrial activities in agricultural production, which means the emergence of new industries, new models, new forms of business and new products.
As shown in Figure 1, in the process of moving the production function from Y0 to Y1, the labor of L0L2 and the capital of K0K2 are saved, and the tangent point of the minimum cost is also reduced from e0 to e2, so the effect on agricultural development can reach a very high level. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China mentioned that "we must adhere to the principle that science and technology are the primary productive forces, talent is the first resource, and innovation is the first driving force, and we must thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, and the strategy of innovation-driven development, open up new fields and new tracks for development, and constantly shape new momentum and new advantages for development." Studies show that at the beginning of the 20th century, only 20% of the agricultural productivity growth in some economically developed countries was achieved by technological innovation, but by the 70s, the contribution of agricultural technological innovation to the growth of agricultural productivity has reached 60%~80%. In short, in the process of forming new agricultural productivity, breakthrough innovation is the foundation and premise, the application of major new technologies is the main support, and modern advanced factors are the main symbols leading the improvement of agricultural factor input structure and resource utilization efficiency, and ultimately promote the substantial improvement of agricultural total factor productivity. The formation of new agricultural productivity plays a very important catalytic role in the process of agricultural and rural development, which penetrates into the three elements of productivity, and the goal is to activate the innovative allocation potential of agricultural production factors, promote the deep transformation and upgrading of agricultural industry, and realize the high-quality development of rural economy, and thus become the key to improve agricultural production efficiency and agricultural product quality, and reduce resource consumption.
(2) The mechanism of new quality productivity to promote the high-quality development of agriculture
The new quality productivity will not only change the development of industry and service industry, but also penetrate into agriculture and rural areas, providing sufficient impetus for the high-quality development of agriculture. Different from the traditional agricultural productivity, the new agricultural productivity has enabled agriculture to get rid of the uneconomic mode of low efficiency and low consumption, and is characterized by intensification, high efficiency and high quality, realizing the refinement, high value-added and greening of agricultural production, reflecting the leap of productivity energy level in the process of agricultural production and operation, and is a new type of agricultural development mode. Based on the framework of agricultural production system, industrial organization model and marketing model, this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of promoting high-quality agricultural development through the formation of new quality productivity from three dimensions: factor integration effect, business transformation effect and supply and demand matching effect.
1. The effect of the integration of emerging factors of production and traditional factors of production in the process of forming new quality productivity. In essence, the new quality of agricultural productivity to promote agricultural development is mainly through the application of emerging factors of production to change the form of agricultural industrial activities, these emerging factors of production are mainly based on a new generation of information technology, biotechnology, new material technology and new energy technology as the core of advanced means of production, with leading, irreplaceable and synergistic role, can promote the optimal allocation of resources and agricultural production refinement and intelligent level of improvement. In fact, the emergence of new factors of production in agriculture has also experienced a process of accumulation of "quantity" and "quality", and the abstract technology of its connotation has been continuously evolved and applied in practice, and finally applied to agricultural production in the form of advanced means of production. The development of new agricultural productivity is not only the process of new factors of production constantly replacing traditional factors of production, but also the process of reshaping the mode of agricultural management under the dominance of traditional factors of production and realizing the integration of new and traditional factors.
On the whole, the process of the overall development of agriculture is the process of continuous application of new factors of production. In the long-term development process, the production tools and materials of agriculture have changed from stone to wood to steel, coupled with the accumulation of production experience, the progress of seed selection and breeding technology, and the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the efficiency of agricultural production has been continuously improved, and the output of unit labor has been increasing. In the context of the continuous development of new qualitative productivity in agriculture, with the development of information technology and its extended technologies and tools