Cost vs. performance analysis of solid-state batteries

summary

Solid-state batteries are more expensive than liquid batteries, but have a higher energy density and longer lifespan. The cost of semi-solid-state batteries is mainly to reduce the unit price and improve the yield rate, and its usage has been relatively limited. The unit price of solid-state batteries will be greatly reduced, and the energy density may increase. Lithium-rich manganese-based lithium metal solid-state batteries have lower manufacturing costs and higher energy density, and are expected to replace liquid lithium iron batteries in heavy-duty trucks. The future development of solid-state batteries needs to overcome challenges such as fast charging performance issues, lithium plating issues, and positive and negative electrode uniformity issues.

detail

"Semi-solid-state batteries have a limited increase in cost compared to liquid batteries, but they have improved energy density and safety. The cost of the iron-lithium silicon-based system does not exceed 10% of the LCOE, but the cost of semi-solid-state batteries is relatively high. In the future, with the decline in the use and unit price of oxide and silicon-based anodes, the LCOE of semi-solid-state batteries and liquid batteries may be basically the same or cheaper. Solid-state batteries are more expensive than liquid batteries when considering the cost of batteries alone, but there may be new innovative applications in the future. Lithium-rich manganese-based metal systems are difficult to implement in the liquid state, and solid-state batteries may become the way to achieve them. The use of anode-free systems and lithium-rich manganese-based as new ternary cathode materials in lithium-rich manganese-based systems has the potential to reduce costs. The cost of solid-state batteries in the future could increase the cost of electrodes by 30-40%. For the application of heavy trucks, there may be a certain possibility of a technological breakthrough without a negative electrode.

1. Compared with liquid batteries, the cost of semi-solid-state batteries has increased slightly, but the energy density and safety have been improved. This is because the system of a semi-solid-state battery is similar to that of a liquid and still contains a liquid electrolyte. This system uses fewer silicon-based anodes and less solid electrolyte, so the cost increase is limited.

2. The cost of iron-lithium silicon-based system does not exceed 10% of the LCOE, but the cost of semi-solid-state batteries is higher than that of liquid batteries. The main cost of the iron-lithium silicon-based system is concentrated in the negative electrode, and the amount of negative electrode increases, which does not involve the positive electrode. The path to cost reduction is through the reduction in the use and unit price of oxide and silicon-based anodes.

3. Considering the cost of batteries alone, the development of solid-state batteries is more expensive than that of liquid batteries. While there may be new and innovative applications in the future, the cost of semi-solid-state and solid-state batteries will be higher than liquid batteries in the short term.

4. Lithium-rich manganese-based metal systems are difficult to realize in the liquid state, and solid-state batteries may become the realization path. The use of anode-free systems and lithium-rich manganese groups as new ternary cathode materials has the potential to reduce costs.

5. The cost of solid-state batteries in the future may increase the cost of electrodes by 30-40%. Since solid-state batteries use fewer silicon-based anodes, cost increases are limited. As the use and unit price of oxide and silicon-based anodes decline, the LCOE of semi-solid-state batteries and liquid batteries is likely to be basically the same or cheaper.

6. For the application of heavy trucks, there may be a certain possibility of a technological breakthrough without a negative electrode. Although the development of solid-state batteries is more expensive than liquid batteries when considering the cost of batteries alone, in the future, with the decline in cost and the emergence of new innovative applications, solid-state batteries have certain application prospects.

The cost of solid-state batteries is mainly the cost of raw materials, accounting for more than 75% of the overall cost, and semi-solid-state batteries increase the cost of solid-state electrolytes and the use of silicon-based. The energy density of ternary graphite system is about 240, while the energy density of semi-solid-state batteries can be more than 320, which is about 20% higher than that of traditional liquid batteries.

1. The cost of solid-state batteries is mainly the cost of raw materials, accounting for more than 75% of the entire cost. Semi-solid-state batteries increase the cost of solid-state electrolytes and silicon-based. When calculating the cost of liquid batteries, it is necessary to consider cost factors such as equipment depreciation, energy consumption and labor, while the production and processing of solid-state batteries are not mature, and many yield rates are only 50%, and the processing cost is difficult to calculate.

2. Semi-solid-state batteries can achieve an energy density of more than 320, which is about 20% higher than that of traditional liquid batteries. The energy density of the ternary graphite system is about 240. Semi-solid-state batteries are more energy-dense and competitive than traditional liquid batteries.

3. The ternary graphite system is one of the mainstream battery systems at present, which can achieve an energy density of about 240. The cost of the battery cell of the ternary graphite system is relatively low, and the production and processing have been relatively mature, the yield rate is high, and the cost is easy to calculate.

4. The cost of semi-solid-state batteries is about 7-8% of the cost of traditional liquid batteries, mainly the cost of raw materials, accounting for more than 75% of the entire cost. Semi-solid-state batteries increase the cost of solid-state electrolytes and silicon-based, but have a clear advantage in energy density and have more potential than traditional liquid batteries.

5. Silicon-based batteries are a type of semi-solid-state batteries that can improve the energy density of batteries. The addition of silicon can increase the capacity of the battery, but it also brings an increase in manufacturing costs. At present, the production and processing of silicon-based cells are not mature, and the manufacturing cost is difficult to estimate.

6. The cost of the battery is mainly composed of factors such as raw material cost, equipment depreciation, energy consumption and labor. The production and processing of solid-state batteries is not yet mature, and it is difficult to calculate the manufacturing cost. The production and processing of traditional liquid batteries are relatively mature, the yield rate is high, and the cost is easy to calculate.

7. The cost of batteries is mainly accounted for by the cost of raw materials, the cost of raw materials for solid-state batteries accounts for more than 75% of the entire cost, and the cost of raw materials for semi-solid-state batteries accounts for 7-8% of the total cost. The cost of raw materials varies with market supply and demand and fluctuations in raw material prices.

8. The energy density of a battery refers to the amount of energy stored per unit volume or unit mass of the battery. The energy density of semi-solid-state batteries is about 20% higher than that of traditional liquid batteries, and the energy density of ternary graphite systems is about 240. Improving the energy density of batteries is an important direction for the development of battery technology.

In solid-state batteries, the use of silicon oxygen by 5% can reduce costs, but with the spread of solid-state batteries, the use of silicon oxygen has increased, and the cost has increased accordingly. Solid-state batteries are more expensive than semi-solid-state batteries due to their increased thickness, but the double-layer reset group purchase process can improve efficiency. However, the yield rate of solid-state batteries is still low, and the cost is mainly affected by the yield rate and efficiency. In the future, solid-state batteries can be as thick as 20 microns, and the cost will increase accordingly. Overall, solid-state batteries are more expensive than liquid batteries, but they have a higher energy density and a longer lifespan.

1. In traditional liquid batteries, the cost of using 5% silicon-oxygen content is low, but the amount used is less. With the advent of solid-state batteries, the use of silicon oxygen has increased dramatically, resulting in higher costs, but still lower than graphite.

2. After silicon-oxygen is mixed with 5%, compared with the ternary graphite system, the raw material cost is slightly higher, but the dosage is greatly reduced. Although the cost of silicon oxygen is higher than that of graphite, the amount of silicon used is small, and the overall cost of silicon oxygen has decreased.

3. Solid-state batteries are several times thicker than semi-solid-state batteries, so the cost is relatively high. In solid-state batteries, solid-state electrolytes account for only 10% and silicon-based systems account for about 4%, but as usage increases, so does its cost.

4. The solid-state battery adopts a double-layer reset group purchase process, which can effectively improve the efficiency. However, at present, the yield rate of solid-state batteries can only reach about 50%, and the cost is mainly affected by the immaturity of the new process.

5. In solid-state batteries, the double-layer coating process will increase a certain processing cost, but in general, compared with liquid batteries, the increased processing cost is not much. The cost of the entire battery is mainly affected by the yield rate and efficiency.

6. The double-layer coating process is the mainstream process at present, and the use of solid-state batteries can effectively improve the efficiency, but the yield rate still needs to be improved.

7. The energy density of solid-state batteries is comparable to that of semi-solid-state batteries and higher than that of liquid batteries.

8. It is predicted that the thickness of solid-state batteries in the future can reach 20 microns, and the current thickness is 50 microns. The cost of solid-state batteries will increase accordingly in the future, but the exact value still needs to be further calculated.

"Lithium-rich manganese-based lithium-metal solid-state batteries have lower manufacturing costs and higher energy density than existing liquid batteries. Although the cycle life needs to be further validated, it is expected to reach 500-600 weeks.

1. The yield rate of solid-state batteries is required to be at least 85% or more during mass production. Compared with existing liquid batteries, lithium-rich manganese-based lithium metal solid-state batteries can save 10% of the cost of graphite materials and 10% of the cost of electrolyte. Due to the dry process, processing costs may be further reduced.

2. Compared with the existing liquid batteries, lithium-rich manganese-based lithium metal solid-state batteries can save 10% of the cost of graphite materials, 10% of the cost of electrolyte and 8% of the cost of separator. The cost of cathode materials can be reduced by about 17%. The cost of lithium manganese oxide needs to be further verified, but it is expected to be only about 50% lower than the cost of ternary materials.

3. The energy density of lithium-rich manganese-based lithium metal solid-state batteries is expected to reach more than 600 Wh/kg, which is significantly higher than that of existing liquid batteries.

4. The cycle life of lithium-rich manganese-based lithium metal solid-state batteries is expected to reach 500-600 weeks. Although further validation is needed, it is a significant improvement over existing liquid batteries.

5. The manufacturing cost of solid-state batteries is lower than that of liquid batteries. Dry processing can reduce costs. However, solid-state electrolytes are more expensive to manufacture and may lead to higher overall costs.

6. Solid-state batteries are processed by dry process, which can reduce processing costs. However, the current manufacturing capacity is limited, and it is not yet too thin, about 20 microns, but it may be further reduced in the future.

7. Lithium-rich manganese-based lithium metal solid-state batteries have lower manufacturing costs and higher energy density than existing liquid batteries. Although the cycle life needs to be further validated, it is expected to reach 500-600 weeks.

8. The future development of solid-state batteries requires further research and technological breakthroughs. With the continuous development of technology, the manufacturing cost of solid-state batteries is expected to be further reduced, and the energy density and cycle life are also expected to be further improved.

"Solid-state batteries may perform better life and lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes can achieve 1,000 turns, making it expected to replace liquid lithium iron batteries in the future. The rate performance of traditional lithium iron batteries is limited, and the cost reduction space is limited. The raw material cost of ternary graphite system is about 7-8 cents, and the cost of solid electrolyte is equivalent to a fixed value. Silicon-based materials can achieve 3C, 4C, and 5C fast charging, but the cost of intermediate raw materials is related to the fluctuation of lithium salt prices.

1. Solid-state batteries may perform better lifespan because there are no electrolytic side reaction problems after the electrolyte is removed, and the liquid may be more stable after switching to a solid state. The lithium-rich manganese-based cathode can achieve 1,000 turns, making it expected to replace liquid lithium iron batteries for heavy-duty trucks in the future.

2. The rate performance of traditional lithium iron batteries is limited, and the charging is generally not more than 2 times. Although silicon-based materials can achieve 3C, 4C, and 5C fast charging, the material structure of lithium iron batteries determines that their charging rates are lower and slower. In addition, there is limited room for cost reduction of lithium iron batteries.

3. The raw material cost of ternary graphite system is about 7-8 cents, and the majority is lithium, accounting for 70-80% of the cost. The cost of solid-state electrolytes is equivalent to a fixed value, which is about 5%.

4. Silicon-based materials can achieve 3C, 4C, and 5C fast charging, but their discharge capacity still needs to be verified.

5. The cost of intermediate raw materials accounts for a relatively large amount, and its processing cost and energy consumption are also high. The iron-lithium process and the current large-scale production process are relatively mature, and there is not much room for price reduction. Lithium salt price fluctuations can also affect costs.

6. Solid-state batteries may perform better life and lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes can achieve 1,000 turns, which is expected to replace liquid lithium iron batteries for heavy-duty trucks in the future. However, the fast charging performance of liquid batteries is better and can meet the needs of some special working conditions.

7. The material structure of lithium iron batteries determines that its charging rate is low and slow, and it is difficult to further improve the fast charging performance.

8. There is limited room for reducing the cost of lithium iron batteries, but it is possible to achieve a small reduction through the reduction of processing costs and energy consumption. Lithium salt price fluctuations can also affect costs.

Article source: Frontiers of Solid-State Batteries

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