1. Lightning rod production and installation process standards:
It is suitable for the production and installation of lightning protection short needles on the roof parapet of industrial and civil buildings.
1. The diameter of the round steel is according to the design requirements. When there is no design requirement, when the needle length is less than 1 m, d=12 mm.
2. The total height of the lightning rod H is in accordance with the design requirements; When there is no requirement in the design, H is constructed according to 700mm.
3、针尖高度h=1/10H。
4. The lightning rod is installed at the intersection of two lightning belt extension wires in different directions. Percussion drill punching, fixed firmly.
5. Double-sided welding, L≥6D.
6. Select hot-dip galvanized materials, and anti-corrosion should be done at the damaged part of the galvanized layer.
Second, lightning belt installation and telescopic compensation process standards
Suitable for roofing lightning protection belt installation:
Description of the core essence of the process:
1. Lightning protection bracket: made of galvanized angle steel (L25×3) or galvanized flat steel (-25×3), and special clips or wire rope clamps can be used for clamp installation.
2. The upper mouth of the fixed clip on the bracket cannot be closed with the angle steel of the bracket.
3. The lightning protection belt should be straight and straight, the support spacing of the fixed point should be even, and the fixing should be reliable, and each support piece should be able to withstand a vertical tensile force greater than 49N (5KG).
4. The galvanized round steel connection adopts a "single Z" lap joint, and the lap length is 6 times the diameter of the round steel, and the upper and lower lap joints.
5. The semicircular surface of the telescopic compensation is perpendicular or parallel to the sky surface.
6. The brackets of the straight section are evenly distributed, the height is consistent, and the interval is 0.5~1.5m, generally 1m.
Straightness inspection: The deviation of every 2m inspection section shall not be greater than 3/1000.
Notes:
1. Metal pipes and equipment. The metal pipes protruding from the roof comply with the provisions of 4.5.7-1 in the Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings GB50057-2010: "When the size of the isolated metal objects on the roof that is not protected by the lightning connector does not exceed the following values, no additional protective measures may be required: the height above the roof plane shall not exceed 0.3m, the total area of the upper surface shall not exceed 1.0m2 and the length of the upper surface shall not exceed 2.0m." ”
Description of the protected area:
Under special circumstances, metal pipes and accessories that comply with 4.3.2 in the Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings GB50057-2010 shall be provided with a separate lightning device.
2. Non-metallic pipes. In line with the provisions of 4.5.7-2 in the Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings GB50057-2010), "non-conductive roof objects that are not within the protection range of the lightning receiver do not protrude from the plane formed by the flash receiver by more than 0.5M, and the protective measures of the additional flash receiver are not required." Otherwise, non-metallic pipes should be provided with a separate flash connector.
3. High-rise buildings, Class I buildings exceeding 30m, Class II buildings exceeding 45m, and Class III buildings exceeding 60m should be protected against side lightning.
The roof of high-rise buildings should be protected from direct lightning along the perimeter of the roof, and its installation position is slightly protruding from the outer edge of the roof, as shown in the figure (see Atlas 03D501-3 P54).
3. Cooling tower lightning protection installation process standard
It is suitable for lightning protection installation of cooling towers and cooling pipes with metal protective shells on the roof.
Fourth, the roof pipeline lightning protection equipotential bridging process standard
It is suitable for lightning protection equipotential bridging of metal pipes on roofing.
Description of the core essence of the process:
(1) GB5057-20106.3.1: All large-size metal parts combined with the building should be equipotential connected together and connected with lightning protection devices. However, the independent lightning receiver and its grounding device of the first type of lightning protection building are excluded. (Such as: roof metal surface, façade metal surface and its fixed frame, concrete inner steel bar and metal door and window frame.) ）
(2) The metal pipes of each roof system should be connected with the grounding trunk wire before entering the room from the roof, and the metal pipe should be connected with the welding of the grounding trunk through the clamp code on the pipeline, and the electrical metal groove frame and the metal air duct should not be connected through the bracket, but should be directly connected with the grounding trunk.
(3) Non-metallic valve body, clamp connectors, rubber soft connections, metal flanges with less than 5 bolts and flanged metal valve bodies need to be grounded and jumped.
(4) If the pipe is a welded pipe, the grounding card code is not used, and the connection is welded.
(5) GB5057-20106.3.4-1: The metal objects and the systems in the building that pass through the interface of each lightning protection area, as well as the metal objects and the systems in the building inside a lightning protection area, should be equipotential connected near the interface that meet the following requirements:
All foreign conductive materials entering the building should be equipotential bonded at the interface between LPZOA or LPZOB and LPZ1 area. When the lines of external conductives, electrical and electronic systems enter the building at different locations, it is advisable to set up a number of equipotential connection belts, and they should be connected to the annular grounding body, the internal annular conductor or the reinforcement that is electrically connected and connected to the grounding body or the foundation grounding body.
(6) The grounding shall be in parallel and shall not be connected in series.
5. Equipment room grounding installation process standards
Suitable for: grounding of strong current shafts, electrical rooms, equipment rooms, power distribution rooms and other parts.
Description of the core essence of the process:
1) The grounding bus is laid on the wall of the equipment room for one week, and there are more than two reliable connections with the grounding trunk.
2) Connection: welding (three-sided welding, lap length is 100mm) or bolt (2×M8) connection.
3) Color: The ground wire is brushed with silver paint, the color code is yellow-green alternate marking, and the spacing is 100mm.
4) When laid horizontally along the wall of the building, the height from the ground is 250~300mm; The gap between the building wall and the building is 10~15mm; (GB50169—2006 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Grounding Devices)
5) No less than 2 binding posts or grounding bolts for temporary grounding should be set on the grounding trunk of transformer room, high-voltage distribution room and generator room.
6) The grounding connection at the fence door of the distribution interval and the static compensation device and the hinge of the metal door of the substation and distribution room shall be braided copper wire and claw nut. The lightning arrester in the substation and distribution room should be connected with the grounding trunk with the shortest grounding wire.
The vertical direction change shall not be bent, the plane simmering bend shall not be flipped, and the flat steel plane shall be used for simmering bending (cold bending), the bending radius is 150mm, and the finished product is recommended.
The laying of the grounding trunk should be easy to inspect, and the laying position should not hinder the disassembly and maintenance of the equipment.
6. Stainless steel railing grounding process standard
Suitable for stainless steel railing grounding installation:
A 25*3 flat iron is drawn from the grounding point, and one meter is reserved in the ground part to facilitate the positioning and grounding of the railing.
Do a good job of cooperating with the railing construction unit, such as the railing construction unit to make wire lugs, the grounding point should be as close as possible to achieve beautiful and reliable grounding.
7. Street lamp pole grounding process standard
Suitable for outdoor street light pole grounding:
1. Lampposts, rectifiers, and lamps need to be connected separately with grounding flat iron.
2. Metal poles and lamps can be approached by bare conductors for grounding (PE) or zero connection (PEN) and are reliable.
3. The grounding line should be set up separately, and no less than two places should be connected with the grounding point.
8. Grounding process standard for floodlighting fixtures
Suitable for outdoor luminaires where the light stand is isolated from its support (not suitable for safe voltage lighting).
Accessible bare conductors and metal hoses for metal frames and luminaires are reliable and marked with ground (PE) or zero (PEN) connections. Luminaires should be grounded reliably.
9. Local equipotential installation process standard
Suitable for equipotential grounding in toilets with showers or bidets:
(1) The wiring between and various metal appliances is carried out by direct buried wire concealment.
(2) Installation height H see engineering design.
(3) Equipotential coupling is not required for independent metal parts (such as towel racks) and sanitary appliances with metal pipes.
(4) The connection range and connection method shall be determined by the design. In general, only toilets with showers and tubs need to be set with local equipotentials.
10. Equipotential bonding process standards for metal pipes entering and exiting buildings
It is suitable for equipotential bonding of metal pipes in and out of buildings.
The core essence of the process:
(1) When each metal pipe enters the indoor from the outside, it should be connected to the nearby grounding trunk line or the main equipotential box.
(2) There shall be no paint on the part of the pipe in contact with the card code.
(3) The gas pipeline (or oil pipeline) shall be physically disconnected before entering the house, and the equipotential connection shall be carried out at both ends of the disconnection.
Notes:
1. All external conductive materials entering the building should be equipotential connected at the interface between LPZOA or LPZOB and LPZ1 area. When the lines of external conductives, electrical and electronic systems enter the building at different locations, it is advisable to set up a number of equipotential connection belts, and should be connected to the annular grounding body, the internal annular conductor or such steel bars nearby, and they are through and connected to the grounding body, including the foundation grounding body.
2. In order to avoid using the gas pipe as the grounding electrode, insert an insulated section after the gas pipe enters the home to isolate it from the outdoor buried gas pipe. At the same time, in order to prevent the lightning current from sparking in the gas pipeline, the spark discharge gap should be crossed at both ends of the insulation section.
3. The generator fuel pipeline should be crossed between each fitting.
11. Wire and conduit crossover process standards
It is suitable for metal wire conduits connected by threads and snap connections.
The core essence of the process:
1) Metal conduit assembled with a compact quick coupling does not require additional jumper wires.
2) The two jumper wires are crimped with one wire lug to ensure that the ground wire is permanently connected instead of being connected in series.
3) The metal conduit at both ends of the hose and the equipment shell should cross the grounding wire, and the ground wire should be fixed to the hose with a cable tie.
4) Jumper terminals are required to be added in the purchase wire box.
12. Process standards for the layout of electrical conduits
It is suitable for indoor surface-mounted electrical conduit installation.
The core essence of the process:
(1) The color of the wire pipe can be sprayed according to the use of the application, and it is recommended that the strong current is green, and the weak current is white.
（2）软管长度：照明≤1200mm，动力≤800mm.
(3) Set a fixed code in the range of 150~500mm at the end of the terminal, the midpoint of the elbow, or the edge of the cabinet, table, box and plate. If the site conditions allow, set the distance setting according to the book.
(4) The distance of the fixed code in the middle straight line shall be according to the specification and design requirements.
(5) The catheter fixing code shall be arranged in the form of "left and right" or "bottom and down".
(6) The line pipe should be surface-mounted wire box (86 surface-mounted wire box), the depth should be 40mm, the knock-off hole should be complete and sealed, and the surface-mounted pipe should be fixed with off-wall code.
(7) The hose inlet and outlet box needs to be added with a lock nut.
13. Installation process standards for electrical conduits along the hanger
The core essence of the process:
(1) If there is a suspended ceiling, this practice is adopted, if there is no suspended ceiling and there is no requirement, it is recommended to use the practice in the previous section.
(2) Angle steel spreader or bracket primer red dan, top coat silver powder paint.
(3) It is strictly forbidden to weld the metal conduit, and the steel pipe with galvanized and wall thickness less than 2mm shall not be welded by casing.
(4) The inner and outer walls of the metal conduit should be treated with anti-corrosion.
14. Installation process standards for electrical conduits through deformation joints
It is suitable for installation when the conduit passes through the deformation joint.
The core essence of the process:
(1) There should be a compensation device at the place where the pipeline passes through the expansion joint and settlement joint.
(2) The deformation joint of the exposed conduit adopts the installation method of A form; The concealed conduit adopts the B installation method;
(3) the selection of the wire box (2): the visible area is all surface-mounted wire box; Galvanized wire boxes with knock-out holes can be used for unsightly areas; The metal hose is discharged from the side of the wire box to ensure sufficient margin.
(4) The two ends of the grounding jumper flexible wire (4) should be crimped with the wire lugs.
15. Electrical outdoor steel pipe installation process standards
It is suitable for electrical outdoor steel pipe installation.
The core essence of the electrical outdoor steel pipe installation process:
(1) The wire box should use a waterproof wire box. When the width of the bracket is ≤250mm, the A form installation method is used; When the width of the bracket is > 250mm, the B-type mounting method is used.
(2) The top of the cement pier should be a small inclined cone to facilitate water drainage.
(3) The cement pier is 200~250mm higher than the finished surface to prevent the bracket from rotting and facilitate civil construction.
16. Installation process standards for trough frames and line pipes to connect distribution boxes/cabinets
It is suitable for the installation process standard of trough frame and line pipe connection distribution box/cabinet.
The core essence of the installation process of trough frame and line pipe connection distribution box/cabinet:
(1) When the trunking/bridge is connected to the inlet and outlet of the distribution box/cabinet, the insulating board (7 or 8) is used in the middle for insulation sheath protection.
(2) when the distribution box/cabinet inlet and outlet lines are all wires, the inner hole of the insulating board is a square hole, such as 7 form; When there are wires and cables in and out of the line, the inner hole of the insulating board is a combination of round hole and square hole, such as 8 form, the round hole is the cable head installation hole, and the square hole is the wire through hole. When the incoming and outgoing lines are all cables, there is no need for insulating boards, and round holes of corresponding specifications are opened directly on the top of the box corresponding to each cable, and special cable joints are used to enter the box (see: cable and distribution box (cabinet) wiring and installation process standards).
17. Groove frame suspension installation process standard
It is suitable for the suspension installation process of the trough frame.
Size Criteria:
1) The spacing between the supports and hangers should be 1500mm.
2) The setting position of the rigid support: the head/end of the groove frame, the corner/tee branch, and the straight section every 30m.
Support and hanger material selection standard:
Description of the core essence of the process:
(1) A, B, C: different widths of the trough frame choose different forms of support and hanger. D: Rigid bracket form.
(2) When arranging the groove frame in the corridor, passage and other parts, a space greater than or equal to 300mm should be reserved on one side for maintenance.
(3) The metal trunking should not be used as the grounding conductor of the equipment, and when the design does not require, the total length of the metal trunking shall not be less than 2 places connected with the PE or PEN wire trunk. The two ends of the connecting plates between the galvanized trunking do not span the grounding wire, but the connecting fixing bolts of no less than 2 locknut or locknut or locking washer at both ends of the connecting plate.
Locknut, washer:
18. The groove frame is installed along the wall process standard
It is suitable for the process of installing the groove frame along the wall.
Size Criteria:
1）H＝（W＋100）×60％
2) Bracket material selection standard:
A: 40×4 flat steel is used when the width of the trunking is less than 300 for vertical installation along the wall; When greater than or equal to 300, 40×4 angle steel is used;
B: The material selection standard for the horizontal installation of supports and hangers along the wall
The core essence of the process is described: the installation form of the groove frame in the same vertical channel should be consistent.
19. Grounding process standard for trough frame support
It is suitable for the trough frame bracket grounding process.
Description of the core essence of the process:
1. When the groove frame and bracket are galvanized parts, the A form is adopted; When the bracket or slot frame is not galvanized, the B form is used, which also satisfies the requirements that are clearly visible.
2. Form A: Each bracket and the groove frame are connected by no less than 2 sets of galvanized bolts with anti-loosening washers.
3. Form B:
(1) The bracket grounding bolt is drilled and installed on the bracket.
(2) You can choose the bolt that comes with the groove itself or has a reliable connection with the groove frame as a grounding bolt, or drills holes in the bridge for installation.
(3) The bracket and the groove frame are grounded and crossed by flexible wires.
Notes:
1. Under normal circumstances, metal trunking (including galvanized trunking or spraying trunking) can be crossed, and there is no need to lay grounding trunk wires; If there are requirements from the local quality inspection station, or the drawings are required, or the project needs to participate in the national evaluation, it is necessary to lay galvanized flat iron or round steel separately as the grounding trunk of the spraying trunking.
2. The installation of the trunking should be firm, without distortion and deformation, and all kinds of connecting bolts in the trunking should be worn from the inside to the outside to prevent the destruction of the wire insulation protective layer when laying wires.
3. The wiring duct should be straight and neat; The allowable deviation of horizontal or vertical is 2% of its length, and the allowable deviation of the full length is 20mm; In the case of dense pipelines, the tank cover should be easy to open.
20. The standard for indoor installation of the leaky slot
1. Scope of application: It is suitable for the indoor installation process of the open-air trough frame.
2. Large sample drawing
3. Description of the core essence of the process
The trough cover at the Z-bend should be continuous, and the > should be 100mm when it extends out of the bend or into the room.
It is strictly forbidden to directly bend vertically into the lower room in the open area; If the location requires, the outward slope should be made at the entry place, and a drainage hole should be set, and the groove frame should be constructed according to the above drawing before entering the house.
4. Precautions
The installation of the trunking should be firm, without distortion and deformation, and all kinds of connecting bolts in the trunking should be worn from the inside to the outside, and the head of the bolts should be used as far as possible to be flush with the inner wall of the trunking to prevent the destruction of the wire insulation protective layer when laying the wire.
The wiring duct should be straight and neat; The allowable deviation of horizontal or vertical is 2% of its length, and the allowable deviation of the whole field is 20mm; When installed side by side, the slot cover should be easy to open.
21. The installation process standard of the groove frame through the deformation joint
1. Scope of application: installation process standard for groove frame over deformation joint.
2. Large sample drawing
3. Description of the core essence of the process
The trough frame is disconnected at the deformation joint.
The trough cover is installed independently (300 mm long) at the deformation joint.
This scheme is suitable for the telescopic compensation of straight section groove frames.
22. Installation process of large-span steel bridge
1. Scope of application: It is suitable for workshops and places with large spans, and can also be considered in the basement and podium of large-scale projects, in order to improve work efficiency.
2. Large sample drawing
Schematic diagram of the installation of the bridge between the columns under the driving beam, etc
3. Description of the core essence of the process
1) According to the design or the needs of the long-span structure, the long-span bridge with a length of 6-12m can be customized, and the side plate and the bottom plate are respectively pressed to improve the structural strength.
2) The spacing of the large span bridge bracket can be greater than 3m, and the bracket spacing should be determined with reference to the manufacturer's technical parameters after laying the cable, and the disturbance should meet the design requirements.
3) If the length of the straight section bridge exceeds 30 meters, an expansion joint should be provided, and a compensation device should be placed at the bridge crossing the deformation joint of the building.
4) The bridge connection should be tight and free of mismatch, each connecting screw should be galvanized screws, and the grounding wire should be more than 4mm² copper braided wire.
23. Standard process standards for slot frame accessories
1. Scope of application: It is suitable for the standard process of trough frame accessories.
2. Large sample drawing
3. Description of the core essence of the process
Finished accessories should be used. Under special circumstances, if the on-site self-made processing, it should be consistent with the size of the supplier's accessories, if the supplier does not have a clear size of the accessories or the size data is insufficient, it shall be implemented according to this standard specification.
Self-made groove frame accessories, and the connection between metal plates should be welded.
When the bridge is bent, if the maximum cable diameter is less than 70mm, the bending angle of the bridge is not more than 30 degrees, and when the maximum diameter of the cable is less than or equal to 50mm, the bending angle is not more than 45 degrees.
Anti-corrosion layer: the inside and outside of the groove frame joint should be brushed with anti-rust paint twice, and the topcoat (should be basically the same as the color of the groove frame) once or twice, in order to ensure that the paint edge is straight, the color separation tape can be pasted on both sides of the paint, and then removed after painting.
In order to ensure that the large cross-section cable is laid in the small tray and meets the requirements of the cable bending radius, L should meet the L≥10D-W/2.
24. Process standards for the layout of trough shelves in power distribution rooms
1. The scope of application is applicable to the layout process of the trough frame in the distribution room.
2. Large sample drawing
3. Description of the core essence of the process
This scheme is suitable for the layout of the trough frame in the low-voltage distribution room in the form of the upper outlet (or upper inlet) line of the distribution cabinet.
The layout of the bridge in the interior of the distribution room should be neat and beautiful, the installation should be firm, the force should be reasonable, the indoor cable laying should be smooth, the cross bending radius should be reduced in accordance with the specifications, the cable fixing point should be set reasonably, and the cable should not exert additional stress on the electrical appliances in the cabinet. The overall arrangement should be easy to maintain and overhaul, and a certain amount of spare space should be reserved.
25. Groove frame through the wall (floor) process standard
1. Scope of application: It is suitable for the process of slot frame through the wall (floor).
2. Large sample drawing
3. Description of the core essence of the process
(1) If the size of the reserved floor hole is appropriate, it is recommended to use the B form. If the size of the reserved floor hole is too large, it is recommended to use the C form. However, in the same project, the same form should be used.
In the form of A: if the wall through is an ordinary partition wall, the plugging material is fireproof plugging material; There is no need to install fireproof panels in non-visible areas. The casing material is galvanized sheet, and the length of the casing is consistent with the thickness of the wall.
Form B: A retaining ring of a concrete (or brick) structure is set at the edge of the floor hole.
C form: the size of the fireproof board should be slightly larger than the size of the diameter of the casing and fixed to the wall; The casing material is selected as steel plate (δ≥2mm).
(2) The floor slab through the wall is stuffed with fireproof plugging material in the bridge.
(3) According to the requirements of 5.3 of the 2018 edition of the GB50016-2014 "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings", fire isolation should be done.
(4) The voids of cable wells, pipeline wells and rooms, walkways, etc., should be filled with non-combustible body (rock wool should be used here, and glass wool should not be used).
(5) When the trough frame passes through the partition wall (including the firewall) and the floor slab, the gap around it should be filled with non-combustible materials.
The trough frame pierces the floor slab
26. Installation process standard for concealed grounding resistance test points
1. Scope of application: suitable for installation of grounding resistance test points.
2. Large sample drawing
3. Scope of application: The box can be customized or the finished product can be purchased, but it must be made of stainless steel, and the size of the box meets the requirements of the figure. The surface of the box must have a company logo and a grounding mark.
4. Precautions: Bolts, washers and nuts for coupling should be hot-dip galvanized. The nut adopts a special wing nut.
27. Indoor cable trench installation process standards
1. Scope of application: suitable for the production and installation of indoor cable trench brackets and cover plates.
2. Sample drawing 1:
2. Display numbers
27. Indoor cable trench installation process standards
3. Description of the core essence of the process
1) In important cable trenches, set up fire-retardant walls in sections or with soft refractory materials as required.
2) After the cable is laid, the debris should be removed in time and the cover plate should be covered.
3) The bracket is generally made of no less than 40×4 angle steel, and the connection between the main frame and the shelf is welded.
4) The installation distance of the cable bracket is 1~1.5 m.
5) "Code for Design of Electric Power Engineering Cables GB50217-2018" 5.1.3 When the number of cables in the same channel is large, if it is laid on a multi-layer bracket on the same side, the following provisions shall be met:
1. It is advisable to arrange the power cables from high to low voltage level, the control and signal cables from strong to weak current, and the communication cables in the order of "top to bottom"; When the horizontal channel contains high-voltage cables above 35kV, or the cables introduced into the cabinet meet the requirements of the allowable bending radius, they should be arranged in the order of "bottom-up"; In the same project or if the cable channel extends in different projects, it should be configured in the same order of top and bottom;
2. When the number of bracket layers is limited by the channel space, power cables of adjacent voltage levels of 35kV and below can be arranged in the same layer of brackets; A small number of power cables of 1kV and below can also be configured on the same layer of brackets with strong current control and signal cables after taking fireproof separation and effective anti-interference measures;
3. The working and spare cables of the same important circuit should be arranged on different layers or on different sides of the brackets, and should be separated by fireproof.
6) GB50217-2007 "Code for Design of Electric Power Engineering Cables" 5.1.4 The configuration of the cable arrangement on the same layer of brackets should meet the following requirements:
1. Control and signal cables can be close to each other or stacked in multiple layers;
2. Except for the same circuit of the single-core power cable for AC system, which can be configured in the shape of a zigzag (trefoil), multiple power cables of the same circuit should not be stacked;
3. Except for single-core cables used in AC systems, power cables should have a gap of 1 times the outer diameter of the cable.
To be continued...
This article comes from the Internet, author: China Construction Third Bureau Yi'an. Edited by HVAC South Press.