The Xia Dynasty, the first recorded dynasty in Chinese history, began around 2070 BC and ended in 1600 BC. The dynasty was established by Dayu, marking China's transition from a primitive society to a class society, and laying the foundation for later generations of Chinese civilization. The Xia Dynasty centered on the centralization of monarchy and implemented local administration and a simple bureaucratic system, reflecting the political characteristics of the early state. The center of activity of the Xia Dynasty was located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and its cultural relics, such as pottery and bronze, reflect the noble quality and unique aesthetics of ancient Chinese civilization.
1. Yu is the founder of the Xia Dynasty, controlling floods, dividing Kyushu, laying the foundation of the Xia Dynasty, with outstanding achievements, and Fuxi, the Yellow Emperor is equally famous, and is the ancient sage and saint emperor.
2. The Xia Dynasty ruled for about 470 years, was the first hereditary dynasty in China, developed from a tribal alliance, passed down to 14 generations and 17 generations, experienced major historical events, and was later destroyed by Shang Tang.
3. Ji was the last king of the Xia Dynasty, and his tyranny led to internal and external troubles, and he did not realize the dissatisfaction of the people and the crisis of the country, and his rule symbolized the decline of the Xia Dynasty and was finally destroyed by Shang Tang.
4. The Xia Dynasty was first recorded in Sima Qian's "Historical Records · Xia Benji" of the Western Han Dynasty, which provides important documents. Pre-Qin texts such as the Book of Shang also mention the Xia Dynasty, but the records are brief.
5. The capitals of the Xia Dynasty were distributed in the southern part of Shanxi and the western part of Henan, including Yangcheng, reflecting the socio-political and natural influences. For example, the capital of Taikang is located in Yanshi Erlitou, which is an important capital of the Xia Dynasty.
6. The Xia Dynasty is rich in cultural relics, including bronze jue, ding, jade ritual ware, pottery, etc., representing wine ceremony, power status, social etiquette and daily life, reflecting social culture and religious beliefs.
7. The female roles of the Xia Dynasty are diverse, including Xia Ji, Xia Yu's concubine, and the emperor's concubine, etc., involving political, military, and cultural fields, showing women's social status and influence.
8. The Xia Dynasty name "Xia" is derived from totems, place names, cultural identities and oracle bone shapes. Archaeological discoveries such as the Erlitou site confirm its existence. The Xia Dynasty was the first slave dynasty in China, circa 2070-1600 BC.
9. The Xia Dynasty, China's first written dynasty, contributed to writing, bronzes, and water conservancy projects. Its culture and art include the Xia Calendar, summer rites, exquisite pottery and musical instruments. The costumes are mainly collared tops and culottes, and the crown dress is an important dress. The Xia Dynasty astronomical calendar was also significant, such as the earliest records of solar eclipses and meteor showers, which accurately reflected the celestial phenomena.
10. The Xia Dynasty script is considered to be the Xia seal, which exists in the form of oracle bone inscriptions, the Shang Dynasty oracle bone inscriptions have been completed, and the Xia people should have the use of words, and the Xia seal font is mature, rounded, symmetrical, and is a progressive text.
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