At the just-concluded European Championships, Turkey international Merih Demiral (Merih Demiral) caused an uproar over a gesture · a gesture. The 26-year-old gesture with his hands after scoring a goal called the so-called "Wolfsgruß" (gray wolf salute), a signature gesture of Turkey's far-right has been widely criticized. Discussions about banning the "Gray Wolves" organization in Germany have also intensified.
Once the "gray wolf ceremony" is officially banned, it is a crime to make this action in Germany. So, what other symbols and signs of extremism are banned in Germany? Here's what the Germany Newsroom Network (RND) has done:
Hitler salute
Hitler's hand salute (also known as Nazi salute, German salute)
1943年，在奥伯豪森举行的纳粹党集会。 (Source: picture-alliance / Judaica Collection Richter)
The Hitler salute, also called the "German salute" during National Socialism, was an expression of the National Socialist personality cult around Adolf Hitler during the Nazi era. Initially, it was a greeting among NSDAP members, but after the Nazis came to power, it became the common form of greeting in National Socialism.
Also known as the "German salute" during the Nazi period, the Hitler hand salute was an expression of the personality cult of Adolf · Hitler during the Nazi period. Originally, it was a salute between members of the Nazi Party, and after the Nazis came to power, it became a common form of greeting.
The right arm was stretched diagonally upwards with the flat of the hand. After the Second World War, the Hitler salute was banned in the Federal Republic of Germany, the GDR and Austria and has since been considered a hallmark of unconstitutional and terrorist organizations.
This salutation is performed with the right arm straightened, the palm open, and the diagonal upward extension. After the end of World War II, Nazi salutes were banned in federal Germany, democratic Germany, and Austria, and have since been considered unconstitutional and a symbol of a terrorist organization.
The offence is restricted by artistic freedom. The Hitler salute is also not punishable if it is obviously used critically and clearly shows the distancing from National Socialism.
However, artistic freedom is somewhat restricted by the Act. If the Nazi rite is clearly used for critical purposes and if the opposition to Nazism is clearly expressed, it does not constitute a crime.
Kühnen salute and other variants of the Hitler salute
Kuhn Rite and other variations of the Nazi Rite
1992年，德累斯顿的新纳粹分子展示“库恩礼”（Quelle: Associated Press）
The Kühnen salute is a variant of the Hitler salute. The right arm is stretched out and the thumb, index and middle finger are spread. the other fingers remain attached. This creates a W that is supposed to stand for resistance.
The "Kuhn Rite" is a variation of the Nazi Rite. To salute, the right arm is straightened, the thumb, index and middle fingers are extended, and the remaining fingers remain held back in the grip to form a "W" shape, which represents "Widerstand".
The Kühnen salute first appeared on the neo-Nazi movement in the 1970s and was intended to circumvent the Hitler salute ban. Later, in the 1990s, it was renamed from resistance greeting to Kühnengruß in reference to the leader of the German neo-Nazi scene, Michael Kühnen.
"Kuhn Rite" first appeared in the neo-Nazi movement of the 70s of the 20th century in order to circumvent the ban on Nazi rites. Later, in the 90s, in honor of Germany's neo-Nazi leader Michael · Kuhn, the name was changed from "Resistance Ceremony" to "Kuhn Ceremony".
In Germany, showing the Kühnen salute as a variation of the Hitler salute is punishable. The same applies to the Führer salute. In this variant, the right arm is not stretched out, but bent to the side.
In Germany, the Kuhn salute is considered a variant of the Nazi salute and is punishable by law. The same is true of the "Führer's salute". The "Führer Salute" is performed with the right arm not straightened, but bent to one side.
Swastika
Nazi swastika
1933年，阿道夫·希特勒在多特蒙德向冲锋队（SA）成员发表演讲时，周围环绕着纳粹万字符。 (What: picture alliance / Keystone)
In addition to the Hitler salute, the swastika was the most important identifying mark of the National Socialists. Today, most of the banned symbols in Germany date back to the National Socialist era. For example, the wearing or use of the swastika, even in its modified forms, is punishable by law. The swastika is prohibited, for example, in the right- or left-turning variant and also in the arc-shaped form (also known as the swastika cross).
In addition to the Nazis, the swastika was the most important symbol of the Nazis. Most of the symbols banned in Germany today date back to the Nazi era. Therefore, it is illegal to wear or use a swastika, even in the form of a deformation. Clockwise or counterclockwise variants, as well as arc forms, are forbidden (also known as the "swastika" character).
Z-Symbol
Symbol "Z"
俄罗斯国家通讯社塔斯社发布的图片显示，一辆涂有白色“Z”符号的卡车正前往彼列科普检查站。 (Source: Sergei Malgavko/TASS/dpa)
In the course of the Russian war of aggression, the Z became a symbol of war in violation of international law and Russian war crimes. It was first seen on Russian military vehicles at the beginning of the war. In the meantime, it has become a symbol of Russian propaganda.
In the Russian-Ukrainian war, the "Z" symbol was seen by Germany as a symbol of war against international law. At the beginning of the war, the letter "Z" first appeared on military vehicles in Russia and is now considered a symbol of Russia propaganda.
Although the letter does not fall under a symbol of "unconstitutional or terrorist organization", showing the Z symbol as a public endorsement of the war can still be punishable in Germany.
While this letter does not fall under the sign of an "unconstitutional or terrorist organization", the display of the "Z" symbol in Germany may be punishable as an open support for the war.
In response, for example, a Japanese airline that used the Z as a symbol had parted with this letter.
For example, a Japan airline that uses the "Z" symbol as its logo has abandoned the use of this letter.
Black Banner
Black flag
伊拉克摩苏尔一座清真寺上的“伊斯兰国”旗帜。 (Source: dpa)
Since 2014, the Black Banner has been banned in Germany as a symbol of an unconstitutional organization. The Islamic flag was already used in the early Middle Ages, but today it is mainly appropriated by Islamist movements and terrorist organizations, such as the "Islamic State" (IS), Al-Qaeda or Boko Haram.
Since 2014, the black flag has been banned in Germany as a symbol of unconstitutional organizations. Although the Islamic flag was used as early as the early Middle Ages, it is mainly used today by Islamic movements and terrorist groups such as the Islamic State (IS), Al-Qaida and Boko Haram.
The flag reads: "There is no god but God"; "Muhammad is the prophet of God". The ban was also criticized at the time because the flag bears the creed, the so-called Shahada, and is covered by religious freedom. According to the Federal Ministry of the Interior, the flag is therefore only punishable if it is used in the context of banned organizations and for unconstitutional purposes.
The banner reads: "There is no god but Allah" and "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah". The ban was also criticized at the time, as the declaration of faith on the flag, the so-called "Sahada", fell under the category of religious freedom. According to the Germany Federal Ministry of the Interior, the flag is only a crime if it is used by an illegal organization for unconstitutional purposes.
The terrorist militia "Islamic State" (IS) uses the Shahada on a black background and the alleged seal of Muhammad that is also depicted.
The terrorist group "Islamic State" (IS) used Sahada on a black background with the seal of allegedly Mohammed.
PKK flag
Flag of the Kurdistan Workers' Party
在一次示威活动中出现了被禁止的库尔德工人党(PKK)旗帜。 (What: picture alliance / NurPhoto)
The Federal Prosecutor's Office classifies the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) as a foreign terrorist organization responsible for numerous assassinations and attacks in Turkey. The PKK is therefore banned in Germany, as well as in the EU, Turkey and the United States.
The Federal Public Prosecutor's Office has listed the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) as a foreign terrorist organization that has carried out numerous attacks in Turkey. As a result, the PKK is banned in Germany, the European Union, Turkey and United States.
Nevertheless, the flag can be seen again and again at demonstrations in Germany. Some politicians of the Left Party parliamentary group repeatedly call for the PKK ban to be reassessed.
Still, the flag is often seen at demonstrations in Germany, where some politicians in the Left Caucus have repeatedly called for a reassessment of the ban on the PKK.
Hitler image
Portrait of Hitler
In 2014, Düsseldorf airport customs seized a mug with a swastika and a portrait of Hitler. （Quelle: dpa）
Showing Hitler's face is forbidden and punishable in Germany. It does not matter whether the showing of the Hitler picture is associated with anti-constitutional intentions.
In Germany, it is forbidden to display portraits of Hitler, otherwise penalties are imposed. It is illegal to display a portrait of Hitler with unconstitutional intent.
In May, it was reported that a teacher in Würselen near Aachen had worn a T-shirt with a picture of Adolf Hitler in class. As a result, the shirt was confiscated, a complaint was filed and the state security was informed. In addition, the teacher was released from duty.
In May, in Wilselen, near Aachen, a teacher reportedly wore a T-shirt with Hitler's face on it in class. Subsequently, the T-shirt was confiscated, and it was reported and the state security services were notified. The teacher was dismissed.
SS-Rune
SS runes
20世纪30年代，布拉格的纳粹党地方领导机构的办公楼，正面飘扬着一面带有党卫队符号的旗帜。 （Quelle: picture alliance/VisualEyze/United Archives）
The SS rune was the distinguishing mark of the Schutzstaffel (SS) during National Socialism. It was considered Hitler's most important instrument of rule and oppression and was later also responsible for the operation of the concentration and extermination camps. The SS symbol consists of two so-called victory runes and was banned in Germany after the Second World War.
The SS rune was the emblem of the SS during the Nazi period. The SS was Hitler's most important instrument of domination and oppression, and later also managed the concentration and extermination camps. This double S logo consists of two so-called "victory runes" that were banned in Germany after World War II.
All other identification marks of the SS such as flags, badges, uniforms, slogans, forms of greeting and songs are also prohibited. This also includes the slogan "My honour is loyalty", which was a motto of the SS and is still often used by neo-Nazis, for example in the form of tattoos.
In addition, all other emblems of the SS, such as flags, insignia, uniforms, slogans, salute forms, and songs, were also banned. These include the slogan "My honor is loyalty", which was once the motto of the SS and is still used by neo-Nazis, for example in the form of tattoos.
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Reference Sources:
https://www.rnd.de/politik/wolfsgruss-welche-handzeichen-und-symbole-sind-in-deutschland-verboten-6WDO6SHBK5GOPOSDG7W6GVRJCQ.html