The statements in this article are based on reliable sources and are repeated at the end of this article
How difficult it is for the lower untouchables in India to turn over, Sunil has 4 degrees in India and he is also a doctor. However, Sunil is a low-class Dalit pariah, so he goes to work at the institute during the day, and at night Sunil still can't avoid being a cleaner sweeping the streets.
Knowledge also did not save Sunil's miserable life, and their family has been cleaners for three generations. Sunil has six degrees, including a bachelor's degree in business, a bachelor's degree in journalism, a doctorate in social work, and a doctorate in philosophy, but Sunil still has to work the night shift as a cleaner every night.
01
India cleaners
Whether in developed or developing countries, urban sewers have long been mechanized, but I didn't expect that the way India cleans sewers is still so old, and they still have the profession of manure diggers.
India's Dalit untouchables can only work as cleaners, toilet sweepers, butchers, etc., and the worst is the millions of cleaners in India, who have to do everything, no tools and no protective equipment, and India's sewers are all unblocked by Dalit untouchables.
In addition, the salary of cleaners in India is very low, even if they have work every day, the monthly income is only 14,500 rupees, equivalent to 1,280 yuan.
Dirty and tiring with little pay, Dalits not only have to do jobs that Indians don't want to touch, but also have to endure their discrimination. India's sanitary conditions are obvious to all, and their urban sewers have all kinds of garbage.
It is not easy to write an article, I hope that the audience will understand, work diligently for 12 hours a day, and see that the income is more than 50 yuan, and the five-second ad is added to the article to unlock, just to add a few more yuan of income, I implore the audience to understand.
Medical waste, garbage bags, tree roots, sanitary napkins, industrial wastewater, and more, sometimes toxic gases. The upper echelons of India are reluctant to equip Dalits with even the simplest safety equipment such as masks, gloves and helmets, and many Dalits have died from inhaling toxic gases while working to unclog sewers.
However, the deaths of the Dalits untouchables in India have no mercy, and the companies and individuals who employ them are not punished. The profession of dung digger in India is the deadliest and most dangerous job in India.
Although most of the Dalit Dalits survived, they also suffered from occupational diseases such as malaria, skin diseases, tuberculosis and gastrointestinal diseases due to their long-term immersion in sewage.
Female Dalits work in a slightly better environment than men, and they mainly clean toilets. India seem to never be able to keep up with the times, and advanced equipment such as toilets have not entered the civilian class of India.
They are still using the most traditional aqua privies, but the task of cleaning them falls to Dalit women, who only need to clean the sewers.
Unlike male Dalits, who need to soak their entire body in sewage, women use gauze to cover their mouths and noses, but they also have no protective equipment. They don't even wear gloves, and there are many fungal bacteria in the sewer, and if they scratch their fingers, they are very likely to contract diseases.
Surprisingly, India's GDP in 2019 surpassed that of the two major powers, Britain and France, and they are the fifth largest economy in the world. India people have enough wealth to develop mechanization and build modern sewers in the same way as United States.
However, India officials have remained indifferent, and their caste system has always suppressed low-level workers. Separated from the four castes, the Dalits are untouchable, and the Dalit class is seen by India as cheap labor.
Modern sewer construction inevitably costs a lot of money, but hiring a Dalit cleaner only costs more than 20 yuan. The merchants, aristocrats, and even ordinary craftsmen, knew which was more cost-effective.
The India government also wanted to save face, and after 1993 they enacted two laws prohibiting residents from hiring Dalits to clean dry toilets and remove excrement.
However, this phenomenon has not been eradicated, and many Indians have ignored the law because the India government does not impose substantive penalties if they are violated.
The poison of the caste system has taken it for granted that the dirty work should be done by the dirty people.
The India government is also controlled by high-caste people, who enact laws and regulations to protect Dalits, but also for the sake of the face project of the international community, and in fact no one cares about the lives of Dalits.
02
Ancestral hereditary work
When foreigners learned about the plight of India's dung diggers, they interviewed people from the Dalit class and then made a documentary about a day in the life of Dalits.
Some people have suggested that if Dalits want to change their fate, they should study hard to become high-level intellectuals, so that they can do higher-end jobs. Unfortunately, they underestimated the caste system in India, and the occupation of the Dalits was ancestral, not that anyone who did not want to be a cleaner could not go to work.
Dalit Sunil, whose grandfather was a cleaner, was also a cleaner when his father was born. Sunil knew his future career from an early age, and he worked hard to get a doctorate to get out of his job as a cleaner.
But Sunil, who has four degrees, still sweeps the streets at night and drives garbage trucks. Sunil can't escape the curse of the lower caste, and whether he likes it or not, he must pack up the garbage and transport it to the garbage dump.
Sunil had an unhappy childhood, his father worked as a cleaner and liked to drink, and when he was drunk, he would hit people and throw things. This made Sunil hate his father very much, and he couldn't understand why he was so violent.
It wasn't until Sunil grew up that he also started to clean up the garbage, and he instantly understood his father's feelings, and the whole person lived in a stinking garbage heap, and the smell on his body would not dissipate for three days.
The pressure on the cleaners was so great that Sunil's father numbed himself with alcohol every day, otherwise he might not be able to live any longer.
Sunil recalls his first job as a cleaner, working in pain until the end of the day, barely autistic and reluctant to speak. After a few days of frustration, Sunil came to his senses and was determined to change his fate.
So Sunil insisted on studying after the cleaner got off work, and he obtained one degree after another, Sunil hopes to arm himself with knowledge to gain social recognition.
It's a pity that Sunil was wrong, he will never be able to live the life of the upper class of India. Mumbai, India, alone has 2 billion litres of domestic sewage every day, all of which are cleaned up by Dalits in the city.
Mumbai's urban sewage is complex, and the Dalits who come to work work with their bare hands, picking up garbage from stinking gutters. There is everything in India's sewage rivers, and Dalits must be careful when cleaning up garbage, as once the skin is scratched by glass slag or a needle, bacteria can quickly infect the wound and make him sick.
Sunil also wants to leave this terrible living environment, but the extremely low salary makes it impossible for Sunil to get out, and the tragedy of the Dalits is constantly unfolding. [White-eyed]
Resources:
China Daily.com The plight of the untouchables: He has four degrees but works as a manure sweeper