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Text: Puff Xiaofang
Sources: All statements in this article are based on reliable sources, and are repeated throughout the article and at the end of the article
Although Sunil, an Indian guy, has 4 master's degrees, he can only work as a cleaner because he is a "Dalit". In India's caste system, Dalits are the lowest caste, untouchable untouchables.
As "untouchables", Dalits are born to be a "dung digger", jumping into the toilet without protection, pulling out the feces with their hands, and facing the danger of dying at any time, with an average of one "dung digger" drowning in the toilet every three days.
Source: China Daily, 2015-08-21, "The plight of the untouchables: he has four degrees but works as a manure sweeper"
4 degrees but can only work as a manure digger
Sunil believed that reading could change his destiny, so he studied very hard, and after finishing college, he continued his studies, even after working.
In 2015, Sunil was studying for his fourth master's degree, but at this time he could only work as a cleaner in the city government.
Sunil "inherited" the job from his father, who had been a "dung digger" all his life, in a dirty and poor working environment, and with a pitiful salary.
But even though Sunil is highly educated, he can't refuse the job, because he and his father are Dalits in India, the lowest social hierarchy in India, and are called "untouchables."
As a Dalit, you can only be a "dung digger", or father to son, son to grandchild, from generation to generation,
Because digging up manure is dirty work, it can only be done by "untouchables", and they are also forbidden to do other work.
Although many Indians now say that there is no caste system in India, it actually exists, such as Sunil's ID card with "sammarjak", which means "human manure digger", which means that Sunil's recognized identity in India is this.
In desperation, Sunil had to accept the job, but he was very objective and still believed that he could change the current situation through learning, so he continued to study while working.
It was not easy for Sunil, but it was not because he studied too hard, but because of the unfair treatment of the leaders. For others, leaders encourage them to study, and are even willing to grant them time off to study.
But Sunil didn't have that kind of treatment, and he had to finish his job as a cleaner at night before going to school during the day.
Whenever Sunil asked the leader for leave, he was rejected, because the leader felt that Sunil, as a "pariah", could take a leave of absence, so whoever came to ask for leave in the future must be approved, and he didn't think that learning was useful for a cleaner.
In fact, the leader just looks down on Sunil's identity, there are not many people like Sunil, and his colleague Pramod is also a Dalit, and he studied for two master's degrees in order to be promoted, but he was rejected because he was the lowest person.
But the city government has denied this claim, saying that anyone has the right to be promoted, and that there will be no discrimination against anyone as long as they meet the conditions for promotion.
Faced with this situation, Pramod was angry but powerless to change, and could only tell reporters:
"The term 'manure scavengers' on ID cards and pay stubs is the beginning of exploitation, which is dictated by the caste system and the rulers see us as nature's dung scavengers vultures."
However, as "dung diggers", Dalits face not only unfairness and discrimination, but also the threat of death at any time while working, and one India "dung digger" dies every three days.
Source: Observer Network ·Youth Reference, 2013-09-09, "India Legislation Prohibits Bare Hand Cleaning Up Manure There Are Still 340,000 Bare Hand Diggers in the Whole Print"
High-risk occupations as manure diggers
Dalits are people who fall under the four castes of India and can only do the lowest jobs, such as "dung diggers", which are gender-neutral.
In many parts of India, traditional toilets are used, with a toilet made of stones, two wooden planks as supports, and no sewers, so it needs to be cleaned by manure diggers.
In traditional teachings, the way of cleaning toilets by hand is very unhygienic, but this method has been preserved, and many India excrement workers still have to clean the toilet by hand.
They took off their shirts, jumped into the stinking toilets, pulled out the feces with their hands, and put them in baskets;
The sewers also need to be cleaned by them, and they are often covered with sludge and dirty water, which can reach the waist of the manure digger.
They bent over and groped for waste in the cement mixture and pulled it out.
Female excavators then carry the excrement elsewhere and throw it away.
During the whole process, these excrement diggers did not have any tools, and their bodies were in direct contact with these filth.
Sometimes the whole person is soaked in sewage, and it is possible to accidentally drink a few sips.
And there are a lot of bacteria in this filth, which can cause the skin of the manure digger to be seriously infected and ulcerate.
If the dung digger gets sick, no one will be responsible for it, so he can only carry it himself.
However, what scavengers fear most is the toxic gas from the toilet or sewer, which will not only affect their lungs.
If it is severe, they may faint while they are working, and it will be difficult to be detected, and they will be drowned.
This is not an uncommon occurrence, and many of India's dung diggers have died as a result.
It has been calculated that more than 1,700 dung diggers have died in 10 years.
On average, more than 170 people die each year, and a Dalit dies in a few days trying to dig up dung.
In 2018, a photo of a young boy in a school uniform standing next to his father's corpse and crying,
It became "hot" on the Internet. The boy's father, a manure digger, died while working.
While people sympathized with and helped the young boy, they also learned that there was such a dangerous job in India.
The India government said that as early as the end of the last century, they had banned traditional toilets and hand-picked feces.
But in fact India still exists, and caste discrimination still exists.
The dung diggers do the most tiring, dirty and even life-threatening work, but they are paid the lowest.
Most of them are paid more than 1,000 rupees, and some only give a few hundred rupees,
Converted into RMB, it is only a few dozen yuan, and some even don't even give the money, only the cake as a salary.
Source: Observer.com2018-09-19 "India: 1,340 sewer cleaners killed in a decade, government does not recognize their existence"
This is the fate of countless Dalits, even if they work hard to get admitted to university and receive higher education, they can't escape.
I can only live like an ant, doing such a dirty job.
Resources
China Daily, 2015-08-21, "The Dilemma of the Untouchables: He Has Four Degrees but Worked as a Manure Sweeper"
Observer.com· Youth Reference, 2013-09-09, "India Legislation Prohibits Bare Hands to Clean Up Manure, and There Are Still 340,000 Bare Hand Diggers in India"
Observer.com2018-09-19 "India: 1,340 sewer cleaners killed in a decade, government does not recognize their existence"