In this issue, we will focus on the reform of preschool education in the field of people's livelihood. With the continuous improvement of living standards, everyone's demand for education is increasing, and we hope that our children can receive a better education at different ages. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) put forward new requirements for deepening the comprehensive reform of education, emphasizing the need to "optimize the allocation of regional educational resources and establish a basic public education service supply mechanism that is coordinated with demographic changes." Improve the high-quality and balanced promotion mechanism of compulsory education, and also specifically mention the need to improve the guarantee mechanism for preschool education. How to ensure better quality preschool education? So that the doll can be well nurtured from the beginning? Poke the video, first go to Luxi County, Jiangxi Province, and see a few kindergartens there.
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At the beginning of August, in Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, many kindergartens were still lively. Despite the hot weather, the children's enthusiasm for the kindergarten could not be stopped. What kind of kindergarten has such a big appeal? Take a look at the children's activities and you might find the answer.
In Yuannan Township Central Kindergarten, next to the school is nature, and children can slide directly from the slide to the yard to start a day of outdoor activities; In the yard, children move forward and backward on special rollers, each of which is a master of sports; In the village kindergarten, children can also give their own concert. Looking at the lively scene in front of me, it is hard to imagine that just a few years ago, the kindergarten in Luxi County was still a different look.
Liu Yudan, Secretary of the Party Branch and Director of Yuannan Township Central Kindergarten, Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province: Before, our kindergarten was just a classroom in the primary school, and there were only stools and an all-in-one machine in the empty classroom, and there were no game materials.
In addition to the preschool classes offered by primary schools, for many years, there was only one provincial-level demonstration public kindergarten in the county, which was difficult and expensive to enter, which made parents feel very troubled and a big problem for the local government.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the party and the state have attached great importance to the cause of preschool education and continuously increased the deployment of preschool education. Luxi County also set up a leading group for deepening the reform of preschool education led by the secretary of the county party committee ten years ago, which started the reform.
Wang Chunyan, a member of the party group and deputy county magistrate of Luxi County Government, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province: The county government has coordinated a total of 860 million yuan for kindergarten education.
With the support of the county's finances and in accordance with the law of local population development, by the end of 2023, Luxi County has built a public service network for preschool education, with 10 township central parks, 53 village-level kindergartens, private kindergartens and preschool education service points, and the enrollment rate of school-age children in the county has reached 97.5%, more than 80% of children receive preschool education in public kindergartens, and the proportion of inclusive kindergartens has reached 100%.
It is no longer difficult or expensive for children to enter kindergartens, which is the focus of the mainland's preschool education reform in the past decade. Since 2013, the national gross enrollment rate in the first three years of school has increased by 23.6 percentage points, and in 2023, it has exceeded 90%. More than 9 percent of the children enrolled in kindergartens across the country are enrolled in inclusive kindergartens, especially in the central and western regions, and more children have received preschool education. How to let more children receive better preschool education, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed to "improve the population development support and service system" and "effectively reduce the cost of education".
Tian Zuyin, Director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education: In some places, there are still shortcomings in the hardware facilities of kindergartens, and in the next step, we must guide all localities to continue to increase investment, strengthen the transformation and upgrading of weak parks, improve the facilities and conditions of kindergartens, and grasp the software construction at the same time under the condition that the hardware is basically up to standard. The focus of the next reform is still the eight words mentioned by the general secretary: popularization, inclusiveness, safety and quality. We have achieved popularization and inclusiveness, and there is a long way to go for safety and quality.
After the hardware guarantee is in place, how to improve the quality of preschool education? While solving the problem of "difficult and expensive to enter the park", Luxi County is also further exploring. In this day's outdoor activity, the children tried to build a dragon boat with big blocks, and as soon as the goal was clear, they quickly divided labor, transported materials, built blocks, cooperated, communicated, and did a good job.
As the children set up, the teachers were always on the side to record their activities. When they returned home, the records became the subject of their sharing. Supporting children's play, observing children's behavior in the game, and discussing the findings in the game with the children are the educational methods often adopted by teachers in many kindergartens in Luxi County.
Zhang Zhiyong, professor of Beijing Normal University and director of the National Education Survey Center of the National High-end Think Tank: preschool education is mainly based on games and life as the carrier, and it is necessary to observe the growth of children in children's games, organize children's language expression in games, and children's collaborative social growth, including children's moral growth and development in this process, so the ability of teachers is very demanding.
To achieve professional teaching, it is necessary to rely on professional preschool teachers. Gan Saijun is the youngest "old" teacher in this kindergarten, and this year is her sixth year of work. In 2013, she just graduated from junior high school through the county selection and was assigned to the preschool education major of Pingxiang College.
In recent years, Luxi County has launched a county-level training program, selecting 50 people from junior high school graduates every year to help them connect with the preschool education resources of colleges and universities, carry out professional training, and pass the examination after graduation to become a county-hired kindergarten teacher.
Luo Gulan, Secretary of the Education Working Committee of the Luxi County Party Committee and Director of the County Education Bureau of Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province: In order to ensure the treatment of teachers, we jointly issued a document with relevant departments of human resources and social security, finance, development and reform, and discipline inspection to ensure that it was in place in accordance with the requirements. In terms of job title evaluation, we have also broken the grading standard based on the thesis topic, and put forward the quality of class activities and children's observation records as the conditions for job title evaluation in preschool education. We evaluate the best and engage in the evaluation of professional titles, and there is no difference between teachers within and outside the staff. In the private kindergarten, we also train and support private teachers to ensure the stability of professional teachers in Luxi.
At present, all kindergartens in Luxi County have achieved 100% of teachers holding certificates, of which more than 87% are professional teachers in preschool education, which is higher than the national average.
A good guarantee mechanism is an important prerequisite for the high-quality development of preschool education. The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made it clear that "it is necessary to deepen the comprehensive reform of education", specifically mentioning that it is necessary to "improve the guarantee mechanism for preschool education".
Tian Zuyin, Director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education: The central government should continue to arrange funds to support the development of pre-school education, encourage and guide all localities to increase financial investment, and support the inclusive and high-quality development of pre-school education. At the national level, it is necessary to speed up the identification of a number of counties for the popularization and inclusiveness of preschool education, and carry out in-depth pilot work on the reform of the guarantee mechanism.
There is only one class in Xinxiacun Kindergarten, with more than 20 children. Originally belonged to the management of the village center primary school, after the reform of preschool education in the county, the village kindergarten was assigned to the township center kindergarten to manage, and people, money and materials were distributed by the township center kindergarten. Now the teacher in charge of the Xinxia Village Kindergarten came after the rotation of the Township Central Park.
Through unified management, township center kindergartens and village-level kindergartens have realized the unified development of hardware and software, narrowing the gap between preschool education in different regions. The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is necessary to "optimize the allocation of regional educational resources and establish a basic public education service supply mechanism that is coordinated with demographic changes". New requirements have also been put forward for the coordinated development of preschool education.
Tian Zuyin, Director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education: We must promote the overall allocation of resources and changes in the demand for kindergartens, optimize the distribution and structure of resources, and guide rural areas to run public township central parks and necessary village parks, carry out itinerant teaching, and improve the overall level of kindergartens.
In order to improve the level of kindergartens, there is another important aspect, that is, to return to the origin of education, according to the characteristics of children, according to local conditions to provide a rich and suitable educational environment. Shangbu Town's specialty porcelain clay, the teachers of Shangbu Town's Second Central Kindergarten took local materials and turned the visible mud into children's toy materials.
There are 21 part-time and full-time teaching and research staff in Luxi County, and each kindergarten has a special teaching and research leader, who has been stationed in the kindergarten for a long time to lead kindergarten teachers to carry out research and improve the quality of kindergarten care education.
Good preschool education cannot only stay in kindergarten. Kindergartens in Luxi County also often carry out scientific parenting lectures and open kindergarten visits, so that parents can understand the characteristics of their children's learning through games.
The reform of the way of education is the requirement of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to deepen the comprehensive reform of education, and it will also guide the continuous scientific improvement of preschool education.
Tian Zuyin, Director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education: On the one hand, we are comprehensively improving the quality of education and carrying out in-depth action research on the quality of kindergarten education. On the other hand, the whole basic education is emphasizing that the coordination of family, school and society means that the family, society and school work together in the same direction, and it is necessary to establish an educational consortium to connect the family, society and school, so that everyone can work together in one direction to cultivate children and develop in a healthy direction.
Preschool education plays a vital role in developing a child's cognitive, emotional, and social adaptability. The improvement of the level of preschool education is not only related to the needs of people's livelihood, but also to the improvement of the quality of the population. This year, the mainland's "pre-school education law" has passed the second trial, is stepping up the promulgation, "pre-school education law" on the mainland pre-school education from the allocation of educational resources to the allocation of teachers, education funding and so on have been confirmed at the legal level. It is hoped that the in-depth reform in the field of preschool education can benefit more families and more children, help more dolls take the first step in life, and lay a solid foundation for future growth.
Editor丨Lu Yujia
Camera丨Ruan Hongyu
Editing丨Zheng Yu Zhang Wenqing
Planning丨Niu Yanmin
Editor in charge: Yu Tiantian