In this problem, a tree is an undirected graph that is connected and has no cycles.
The given input is a graph that started as a tree with N nodes (with distinct values 1, 2, ..., N), with one additional edge added. The added edge has two different vertices chosen from 1 to N, and was not an edge that already existed.
The resulting graph is given as a 2D-array of edges. Each element of edges is a pair [u, v] with u < v, that represents an undirected edge connecting nodes u and v.
Return an edge that can be removed so that the resulting graph is a tree of N nodes. If there are multiple answers, return the answer that occurs last in the given 2D-array. The answer edge [u, v] should be in the same format, with u < v.
Example 1:
Example 2:
Note:
The size of the input 2D-array will be between 3 and 1000.
Every integer represented in the 2D-array will be between 1 and N, where N is the size of the input array.
Update (2017-09-26):
解法一:
<a>class Solution {</a>
既然递归能做,一般来说迭代也木有问题。但是由于BFS的遍历机制和DFS不同,所以没法采用利用变量pre来避免上面所说的死循环(不是很确定,可能是博主没想出来,有做出来的请在评论区贴上代码),所以我们采用一个集合来记录遍历过的结点,如果该结点已经遍历过了,那么直接跳过即可,否则我们就把该结点加入queue和集合,继续循环,参见代码如下:
解法二:
其实这道题最好的解法使用Union Find来做,论坛上清一色的都是用这种解法来做的,像博主用DFS和BFS这么清新脱俗的方法还真不多:) 其实Union Find的核心思想并不是很难理解,首先我们建立一个长度为(n+1)的数组root,由于这道题并没有明确的说明n是多少,只是说了输入的二位数组的长度不超过1000,那么n绝对不会超过2000,我们加1的原因是由于结点值是从1开始的,而数组是从0开始的,我们懒得转换了,就多加一位得了。我们将这个数组都初始化为-1,有些人喜欢初始化为i,都可以。开始表示每个结点都是一个单独的组,所谓的Union Find就是要让结点之间建立关联,比如若root[1] = 2,就表示结点1和结点2是相连的,root[2] = 3表示结点2和结点3是相连的,如果我们此时新加一条边[1, 3]的话,我们通过root[1]得到2,再通过root[2]得到3,说明结点1有另一条路径能到结点3,这样就说明环是存在的;如果没有这条路径,那么我们要将结点1和结点3关联起来,让root[1] = 3即可,参见代码如下:
解法三:
参考资料:
<a href="https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/104729/10-line-java-solution-union-find">https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/104729/10-line-java-solution-union-find</a>
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