这篇文章主要总结gtest中的所有断言相关的宏。 gtest中,断言的宏可以理解为分为两类,一类是ASSERT系列,一类是EXPECT系列。一个直观的解释就是:
1. ASSERT_* 系列的断言,当检查点失败时,退出当前函数(注意:并非退出当前案例)。
2. EXPECT_* 系列的断言,当检查点失败时,继续往下执行。
// int型比较,预期值:3,实际值:Add(1, 2)
EXPECT_EQ(3, Add(1, 2))
//
假如你的Add(1, 2) 结果为4的话,会在结果中输出:
g:\myproject\c++\gtestdemo\gtestdemo\gtestdemo.cpp(16): error: Value of: Add(1, 2)
Actual: 4
Expected:3
<testcase name="Demo" status="run" time="0" classname="AddTest">
<failure message="Value of: Add(1, 2) Actual: 4 Expected: 3" type=""><![CDATA[g:\myproject\c++\gtestdemo\gtestdemo\gtestdemo.cpp:16
Value of: Add(1, 2)
Expected: 3]]></failure>
</testcase>
如果你对自动输出的出错信息不满意的话,你还可以通过操作符<<将一些自定义的信息输出,通常,这对于调试或是对一些检查点的补充说明来说,非常有用!
下面举个例子:
如果不使用<<操作符自定义输出的话:
for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i)
{
EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]);
}
看到的结果将是这样的,你根本不知道出错时 i 等于几:
g:\myproject\c++\gtestdemo\gtestdemo\gtestdemo.cpp(25): error: Value of: y[i]
Actual: 4
Expected: x[i]
Which is: 3
如果使用<<操作符将一些重要信息输出的话:
EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
从输出结果中就可以定位到在 i = 2 时出现了错误。这样的输出结果看起来更加有用,容易理解:
Vectors x and y differ at index 2
Fatal assertion
Nonfatal assertion
Verifies
ASSERT_TRUE(condition);
EXPECT_TRUE(condition);
condition is true
ASSERT_FALSE(condition);
EXPECT_FALSE(condition);
condition is false
ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual);
EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual);
expected == actual
ASSERT_NE(val1, val2);
EXPECT_NE(val1, val2);
val1 != val2
ASSERT_LT(val1, val2);
EXPECT_LT(val1, val2);
val1 < val2
ASSERT_LE(val1, val2);
EXPECT_LE(val1, val2);
val1 <= val2
ASSERT_GT(val1, val2);
EXPECT_GT(val1, val2);
val1 > val2
ASSERT_GE(val1, val2);
EXPECT_GE(val1, val2);
val1 >= val2
ASSERT_STREQ(expected_str, actual_str);
EXPECT_STREQ(expected_str, actual_str);
the two C strings have the same content
ASSERT_STRNE(str1, str2);
EXPECT_STRNE(str1, str2);
the two C strings have different content
ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(expected_str, actual_str);
EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_str, actual_str);
the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case
ASSERT_STRCASENE(str1, str2);
EXPECT_STRCASENE(str1, str2);
the two C strings have different content, ignoring case
TEST(StringCmpTest, Demo)
char* pszCoderZh = "CoderZh";
wchar_t* wszCoderZh = L"CoderZh";
std::string strCoderZh = "CoderZh";
std::wstring wstrCoderZh = L"CoderZh";
EXPECT_STREQ("CoderZh", pszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STREQ(L"CoderZh", wszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRNE("CnBlogs", pszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRNE(L"CnBlogs", wszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("coderzh", pszCoderZh);
//EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(L"coderzh", wszCoderZh); 不支持
EXPECT_STREQ("CoderZh", strCoderZh.c_str());
EXPECT_STREQ(L"CoderZh", wstrCoderZh.c_str());
直接返回成功:SUCCEED();
返回失败:
FAIL();
ADD_FAILURE();
TEST(ExplicitTest, Demo)
ADD_FAILURE() << "Sorry"; // None Fatal Asserton,继续往下执行。
//FAIL(); // Fatal Assertion,不往下执行该案例。
SUCCEED();
ASSERT_THROW(statement, exception_type);
EXPECT_THROW(statement, exception_type);
statement throws an exception of the given type
ASSERT_ANY_THROW(statement);
EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement);
statement throws an exception of any type
ASSERT_NO_THROW(statement);
EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement);
statement doesn't throw any exception
例如:
int Foo(int a, int b)
if (a == 0 || b == 0)
{
throw "don't do that";
}
int c = a % b;
if (c == 0)
return b;
return Foo(b, c);
TEST(FooTest, HandleZeroInput)
EXPECT_ANY_THROW(Foo(10, 0));
EXPECT_THROW(Foo(0, 5), char*);
在使用EXPECT_TRUE或ASSERT_TRUE时,有时希望能够输出更加详细的信息,比如检查一个函数的返回值TRUE还是FALSE时,希望能够输出传入的参数是什么,以便失败后好跟踪。因此提供了如下的断言:
ASSERT_PRED1(pred1, val1);
EXPECT_PRED1(pred1, val1);
pred1(val1) returns true
ASSERT_PRED2(pred2, val1, val2);
EXPECT_PRED2(pred2, val1, val2);
pred2(val1, val2) returns true
...
Google人说了,他们只提供<=5个参数的,如果需要测试更多的参数,直接告诉他们。下面看看这个东西怎么用。
bool MutuallyPrime(int m, int n)
return Foo(m , n) > 1;
TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, Demo)
int m = 5, n = 6;
EXPECT_PRED2(MutuallyPrime, m, n);
当失败时,返回错误信息:
error: MutuallyPrime(m, n) evaluates to false, where
m evaluates to 5
n evaluates to 6
如果对这样的输出不满意的话,还可以自定义输出格式,通过如下:
ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format1, val1);`
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format1, val1);
pred_format1(val1) is successful
ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format2, val1, val2);
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format2, val1, val2);
pred_format2(val1, val2) is successful
用法示例:
testing::AssertionResult AssertFoo(const char* m_expr, const char* n_expr, const char* k_expr, int m, int n, int k) {
if (Foo(m, n) == k)
return testing::AssertionSuccess();
testing::Message msg;
msg << m_expr << " 和 " << n_expr << " 的最大公约数应该是:" << Foo(m, n) << " 而不是:" << k_expr;
return testing::AssertionFailure(msg);
TEST(AssertFooTest, HandleFail)
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(AssertFoo, 3, 6, 2);
失败时,输出信息:
error: 3 和 6 的最大公约数应该是:3 而不是:2
是不是更温馨呢,呵呵。
ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual);
EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual);
the two float values are almost equal
ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual);
EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual);
the two double values are almost equal
对相近的两个数比较:
ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error);
EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error);
the difference between val1 and val2 doesn't exceed the given absolute error
同时,还可以使用:
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::FloatLE, val1, val2);
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE, val1, val2);
ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expression);
EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expression);
expression is a success HRESULT
ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(expression);
EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(expression);
expression is a failure HRESULT
CComPtr shell;
ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell.CoCreateInstance(L"Shell.Application"));
CComVariant empty;
ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(shell->ShellExecute(CComBSTR(url), empty, empty, empty, empty));
类型检查失败时,直接导致代码编不过,难得用处就在这?看下面的例子:
template <typename T> class FooType {
public:
void Bar() { testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<int, T>(); }
};
TEST(TypeAssertionTest, Demo)
FooType<bool> fooType;
fooType.Bar();
本篇将常用的断言都介绍了一遍,内容比较多,有些还是很有用的。要真的到写案例的时候,也行只是一两种是最常用的,现在时知道有这么多种选择,以后才方便查询。
系列链接:
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/31/1426758.html">1.玩转Google开源C++单元测试框架Google Test系列(gtest)之一 - 初识gtest</a>
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/06/1430364.html">2.玩转Google开源C++单元测试框架Google Test系列(gtest)之二 - 断言</a>
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/06/1430396.html">3.玩转Google开源C++单元测试框架Google Test系列(gtest)之三 - 事件机制</a>
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/08/1431297.html">4.玩转Google开源C++单元测试框架Google Test系列(gtest)之四 - 参数化</a>
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/08/1432043.html">5.玩转Google开源C++单元测试框架Google Test系列(gtest)之五 - 死亡测试</a>
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/10/1432789.html">6.玩转Google开源C++单元测试框架Google Test系列(gtest)之六 - 运行参数</a>
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/11/1433744.html">7.玩转Google开源C++单元测试框架Google Test系列(gtest)之七 - 深入解析gtest</a>
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/04/12/1434155.html">8.玩转Google开源C++单元测试框架Google Test系列(gtest)之八 - 打造自己的单元测试框架</a>