三、ORM(Object/Relational Mapper)---Hibernate对象映射

Hibernate基本类型

Java类型

标准SQL字段类型

boolean

boolean, java.lang.Boolean

BIT

yes_no

CHAR(1) ( 'Y'/'N')

true_false

byte

byte, java.lang.Byte

TINYINT

short

short, java.lang.Short

SMALLINT

integer

int, java.lang.Integer

INTEGER

long

long, java.lang.Long

BIGINT

float

float, java.lang.Float

FLOAT

double

double, java.lang.Double

DOUBLE

big_decimal

java.math.BigDecimal

NUMBERIC

character

java.lang.String

CHAR(1)

string

VARCHAR

date

java.util.Date, java.sql.Date

DATE

time

java.util.Date, java.sql.Time

TIME

timestamp

java.util.Date, java.sql.TimeStamp

TIMESTAMP

calendar

java.util.Calendar

calendar_date

Date

clob

java.sql.Clob

CLOB

blob

java.sql.Blob

BLOB

binary

byte[]

VARBINARY, BLOB

text

seralizable

java.io.Serializable

class

java.lang.Class

local

java.util.Locale

timezone

java.util.TimeZone

currency

java.util.Currency

*.hbm.xml, 主体内容包含表/类映射, id映射, 属性字段映射三个部分.示例文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>

</id>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

XML文件头定义了文件的编码方式, DTD与Hibernate的版本有关, 上面是使用hibernate 3.x使用的DTD.

table: 指定了数据库的表名

type: POJO类中属性的数据类型;

column: 数据库表的主键字段;

generator子元素:由其class属性指定主键生成方式:

assigned: 主键由应用程序产生, 不需要hibernate干预

identity: 使用数据库的主键生成机制, 如MySQL, DB2、SQL Server的自增主键.

sequence: 使用数据库的sequence机制, 如Oracle的sequence

uuid.hex: 由Hibernate基于128位唯一值产生算法, 根据ip, 时间, jvm启动时间, 内部自增量生成十六进制的数值, 编码后成为一个32位长的字符串. 该方法提供了最好的数据库插入性能和数据库平台适应性.

uuid.string: 与uuid.hex类似, 只是生成的主键没有进行编码, 只有16位长度. 在某些数据库可能出错.

hilo: 通过hilo算法实现主键生成, 需要额外的数据库表保存主键生成历史状态.

seqhilo: 与hilo类似, 只是主键历史状态保存在sequence中, 适用于支持sequence的数据库.

increment: 主键按数值递增, 但如果多个实例同时访问同一个数据库, 各自生成主键,则容易造成主键重复.

native: 由hibernate根据数据库适配器中的定义, 自动采用identity, hilo, sequence中的一种方式.

foreign: 外部表的字段作主键.

select: hibernate 3 中新增的.需要提供一个唯一的标识字段进行二次读取, 以获取触发器生成的主键值, 通过param子元素进行定义, 比如:

<param name="key">key_field</param>

</generator>

该方法主要针对遗留系统的改造工程, 一些早期的系统主键依赖于触发器生成. 当数据库insert时, 触发器捕获这一操作, 并为主键赋值, 在插入数据库后, 再次读取某一识别字段读取已经插入的数据, 获取其主键值.

复合主键使用<composite-id>将取代id元素, 并具有property属性列表.

<composite-id>

<key-property column="userid" name="userid" type="java.lang.String" />

<key-property column="when" name="when" type="java.sql.Date" />

</composite-id>

复合主键的POJO类需要实现equals和hashcode方法, 可以使用apache commons lang包中的工具类实现(commons-lang.jar), 比如:

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;

...

public String toString(){

return new ToStringBuilder(this)

.append("userid ", getUserid ())

.append("when", getWhen ())

.toString();

}

public boolean equals(Object other){

if(!(other instanceof MyPoJoClass)){

return false;

MyPoJoClass castOther=( MyPoJoClass)other;

return new EqualsBuilder()

.appendSuper(super.equals(other))

.append(this.getUserid (),castOther.getUserid() )

.append(this.getWhen (),castOther.getWhen() )

.isEquals();

public int hashCode(){

return new HashCodeBuilder()

.appendSuper(super.hashCode() )

.append(getUserid ())

.append(getWhen ())

.toHashCode();

装载复合主键的记录时, 考虑把类对应的对象的主键值填充好后作为load的第二个参数.

MyPoJoClass obj = new MyPoJoClass();

obj.setUserid(...);

obj.setWhen(...);

obj=(MyPoJoClass)session.load(MyPoJoClass.class, obj);

可以用一个独立的类来描述主键, 示例:

<composite-id name="keyClassProperty" class="MyPoJoClass">

此时, 需要定义一个新的类KeyClass来作为主键类, KeyClass实现equals和hashcode方法, 而在POJO中, 使用属性名keyClassProperty来表示主键, 其类类型为KeyClass.

composite-id除了key-property子节点外, 还具有可选<key-many-to-one>子节点.完整的节点内容:

<composite-id name="propertyName"

class="ClassName"

unsaved-value="any|none" >

<key-property column="colum_name"

name=" propertyName "

type="type_name" />

<key-many-to-one column=" colum_name " calss=" ClassName "

name=" propertyName " />

type: POJO类中属性的数据类型; 如果是字符串,可以省略

column: 数据库中的字段名. 如果和属性同名, 可以省略.

hibernate3 中的为: org.hibernate.usertype(hibernate2中为net.sf包)下面的两个接口: UserType 和 CompositeUserType . 它们提供自定义类型的规范, 这里以UserType为例.

package org.hibernate.usertype;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;

public interface UserType {

/**

* 返回本类型所映射的SQL类型, 返回的是int[]数组. 可以取java.sql.Types中的int静态常量.

* 比如有: public final static int DOUBLE = 8;

public int[] sqlTypes();

* 定义本类型的nullSafeGet() 方法返回的数据的类型

public Class returnedClass();

* 定义两个数据的比较方法, 返回true表示相等, false表示不等.

public boolean equals(Object x, Object y) throws HibernateException;

* Get a hashcode for the instance, consistent with persistence "equality"

public int hashCode(Object x) throws HibernateException;

* 定义从ResultSet中读取数据并转换成自定义类型的方法, 对数据库null应该考虑

* 参数names 包含了当前自定义类型的映射字段名称

public Object nullSafeGet(ResultSet rs, String[] names, Object owner)

throws HibernateException, SQLException;

* Hibernate进行数据保存时被调用的方法

* @param st a JDBC prepared statement

* @param value the object to write, 类型应该是returnedClass()方法返回的Class指定的类型

* @param index statement parameter index

* @throws HibernateException

* @throws SQLException

public void nullSafeSet(PreparedStatement st, Object value, int index)

* 自定义的对象复制方法, 用作构造返回对象.

* nullSafeGet方法被调用后, Hibernate获得了自定义数据对象,

* 这个对象成为数据库读出的原始对象, 通过deepCopy方法, Hibernate

* 返回一个复本给用户. 脏数据检查时, 如果两个对象不等(equals方法返回false),

* 就会执行数据库持久化操作.

* @param value the object to be cloned, which may be null

* @return Object a copy

public Object deepCopy(Object value) throws HibernateException;

* Are objects of this type mutable?

* 本类型实例是否可变

* @return boolean

public boolean isMutable();

* 把对象转化为二级缓存中保存. 经常把当前对象对其他对象的引用, 保存为其id值.

* Transform the object into its cacheable representation. At the very least this

* method should perform a deep copy if the type is mutable. That may not be enough

* for some implementations, however; for example, associations must be cached as

* identifier values. (optional operation)

* @param value the object to be cached

* @return a cachable representation of the object

public Serializable disassemble(Object value) throws HibernateException;

* 把二级缓存中获取的数据转换为自定义的对象数据

* Reconstruct an object from the cacheable representation. At the very least this

* method should perform a deep copy if the type is mutable. (optional operation)

* @param cached the object to be cached

* @param owner the owner of the cached object

* @return a reconstructed object from the cachable representation

public Object assemble(Serializable cached, Object owner) throws HibernateException;

* During merge, replace the existing (target) value in the entity we are merging to

* with a new (original) value from the detached entity we are merging. For immutable

* objects, or null values, it is safe to simply return the first parameter. For

* mutable objects, it is safe to return a copy of the first parameter. For objects

* with component values, it might make sense to recursively replace component values.

* @param original the value from the detached entity being merged

* @param target the value in the managed entity

* @return the value to be merged

public Object replace(Object original, Object target, Object owner)

throws HibernateException;

如果一个用户具有多个email, 可以分别定义多个字段保存, 也可以定义一个子表专门保存, 但都有点大动干戈. 可以考虑用一个字符串字段保存, 相邻的email用一个;隔开. 比如:

package cn.thinkmore.hibernate.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Types;

import java.util.*;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;

import org.hibernate.usertype.UserType;

public class EmailList implements UserType {

private static final String SPLITTER = ";";

private static final int[] TYPES = new int[] { Types.VARCHAR };

public Object assemble(Serializable cached, Object owner)

throws HibernateException {

return null;

public Object deepCopy(Object value) throws HibernateException {

if (!(value instanceof List)) {

List src = (List) value;

List tar = new ArrayList();

tar.addAll(src);

return tar;

public Serializable disassemble(Object value) throws HibernateException {

public boolean equals(Object x, Object y) throws HibernateException {

if (x == y)

return true;

if (x != null && y != null) {

List xList = (List) x;

List yList = (List) y;

if (xList.size() != yList.size())

return false;

for (int i = 0; i < xList.size(); i++) {

String strX = xList.get(i).toString();

String strY = yList.get(i).toString();

if (!strX.equals(strY))

public boolean isMutable() {

public Object nullSafeGet(ResultSet rs, String[] names, Object owner)

throws HibernateException, SQLException {

String value = Hibernate.STRING.nullSafeGet(rs, names[0]).toString();

if(null!=value)

return parse(value);

private List parse(String value) {

String[] strs = org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.split(value,SPLITTER);

List<String> emails = new ArrayList<String>();

for(int i=0; i<strs.length;i++){

emails.add(strs[i]);

return emails;

private String assemble(List list) {

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

int maxIndex = list.size()-1;

for(int i=0; i<maxIndex;i++){

sb.append(list.get(i)).append(SPLITTER);

if(0<=maxIndex){

sb.append(list.get(maxIndex));

return sb.toString();

public void nullSafeSet(PreparedStatement st, Object value, int index)

if(null!=value&&(value instanceof List)){

String str = assemble((List)value);

Hibernate.STRING.nullSafeSet(st,str,index);

}else if(null!=value){

Hibernate.STRING.nullSafeSet(st,value.toString(), index);

}else{

Hibernate.STRING.nullSafeSet(st,null, index);

public Object replace(Object original, Object target, Object owner)

public Class returnedClass() {

return List.class;

public int[] sqlTypes() {

return TYPES;

public int hashCode(Object x) throws HibernateException {

return 0;

数据关联关系在实体的子类里面不会被自动继承.

一对一的主键关联, 指两个表的记录是一对一的关系, 且一个表的主键取为另一个表对应的记录的主键.

<one-to-one name="gene" cascade="all" outer-join="true"

class="cn.thinkmore.hibernate.pojo.Gene" />

cascade: 是否级连操作, all , none

outer-join: 是否外链接, true/false

<param name="property">citizen</param>

<one-to-one name="citizen" constrained="true"

class="cn.thinkmore.hibernate.pojo.Citizen" />

Constrained: 次关联中的约束方.

.....

Session s = HibernateSession3.getSession();

Citizen one = new Citizen();

one.setIdcard("123456789012345678");

one.setName("Mike");

one.setSex("M");

Gene gene = new Gene();

gene.setBloodType("AB");

gene.setDna("Ajodjjd[[joa");

gene.setSpecial("White");

one.setGene(gene);

gene.setCitizen(one);

Transaction trans = s.beginTransaction();

s.saveOrUpdate(one);

trans.commit();

// 两条数据一起被保存, 查询时也会关联查出来.

Query query = s.createQuery("From Citizen");

List list = query.list();

for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {

one = (Citizen) list.get(i);

if (null == one)

continue;

gene = (Gene) one.getGene();

if (null != gene){

System.out.println(gene.getId()+":"+gene.getSpecial()+":"+gene.getDna());

一个用户可以多个email:

<one-to-many calss="....Email" />

</set>

除了在主控方配置一对多, 还要在被控方配置对应的多对一关系:

User:

Email:

<many-to-one name="user" class=".....User" cascade="none" column="userid" />

再有例子:一个职员(是人的子类)前后可能有多条工作(每次工作是一条记录):

<hibernate-mapping >

<comment>Users may bid for or sell auction items.</comment>

<one-to-one name="gene"

cascade="all"

class="webapp.hibernate.pojo.Gene"/>

<one-to-many class="webapp.hibernate.pojo.JobList" />

<many-to-one name="employee" class="webapp.hibernate.pojo.Employee" cascade="none" column="empid" />

public static void testOne2Many() {

Employee e = new Employee();

e.setName("一对多");

e.setIdcard("123456789012345678");

e.setBirth(new java.sql.Date(System.currentTimeMillis()-24L*3600*1000*365*25));

JobList job1 = new JobList();

job1.setEmployee(e);

job1.setCompany("A gongsi");

job1.setBegin(new java.sql.Date(System.currentTimeMillis()-24L*3600*1000*365*5));

job1.setEnd(new java.sql.Date(System.currentTimeMillis()-24L*3600*1000*365*4));

JobList job2 = new JobList();

job2.setEmployee(e);

job2.setCompany("B gongsi");

job2.setBegin(new java.sql.Date(System.currentTimeMillis()-24L*3600*1000*365*4));

job2.setEnd(new java.sql.Date(System.currentTimeMillis()-24L*3600*1000*365*2));

Set<JobList> jobs = new HashSet<JobList>();

jobs.add(job1);

jobs.add(job2);

e.setJobs(jobs);

// 两个表的数据一起被保存, 查询时也会关联查出来.

s.saveOrUpdate(e);

Query query = s.createQuery("From Employee");

Employee one = (Employee) list.get(i);

System.out.println(one.getName()+":"+one.getBirth()+":");

Set joblist = one.getJobs();

for(Object o:joblist){

JobList j = (JobList)o;

System.out.println("\t工作:"+j.getCompany()+":"+j.getBegin()+":"+j.getEnd());

System.out.println("---------------------------------------");

一个用户可以在银行有多个帐号

<many-to-many class="webapp.hibernate.pojo.Bank" column="bankid" />

Bank:

<many-to-many class="webapp.hibernate.pojo.MoneyUser" column="userid" />

public static void testMany2Many() {

Iterator<MoneyUser> itor =(Iterator<MoneyUser>)s.createQuery("FROM MoneyUser").iterate();

while(itor.hasNext()){

MoneyUser moneyUser = itor.next();

Set banks = moneyUser.getBanks();

Iterator<Bank> bankItor = banks.iterator();

while(bankItor.hasNext()){

Bank bank = bankItor.next();

System.out.println(moneyUser.getName()+" "+bank.getBankname());

public static void testMany2Many2() {

Iterator<Bank> itor = s.createQuery("FROM Bank").iterate();

Bank bank = itor.next();

Set customers = bank.getCutomers();

Iterator<MoneyUser> customerItor = customers.iterator();

while(customerItor.hasNext()){

MoneyUser moneyUser = customerItor.next();

System.out.println(bank.getBankname()+" "+moneyUser.getName());

本文转自linzheng 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/linzheng/1080830

三、ORM(Object/Relational Mapper)---Hibernate对象映射

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