Thread.yield、Thread.sleep、Object.wait、 LockSupport.park 对比
sleep、wait、park区别
- Thread.sleep() 不会释放占有的锁,Object.wait() 会释放会占有的锁
- Thread.sleep() 必须传入时间,Object.wait() 可以传可不传,不传会一直阻塞下去。
- Thread.sleep() 会自动唤醒,然后继续执行。
- Object.wait() 不带时间方法,需要 Object.notify() 唤醒
- Object.wait() 带时间,如果没有notify ,到时间会自动唤醒。
- LockSupport.park 不需要捕获中断。
- LockSupport.park() 方法可以被 LockSupport.unpark() 唤醒
- Thread.sleep() 方法声明上抛出了 InterruptedException 异常
- Thread.park() 不带超时,需要另一个线程执行 unpark 唤醒。
- Thread.yield() 让出 CPU,不会释放锁,进入就绪状态。
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小结
- yield 相当于进行一次主动调度,当前线程放弃 CPU 使用权,重新进入 CPU 的运行队列,等待下一次调度。
- sleep wait park 都是借助 pthread_cond_timedwait 实现阻塞,wait 还需要结合 ObjectMonitor 使用
Thread.yield
JNI 方法
public static native void yield();
JNI 入口
JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_Yield(JNIEnv *env, jclass threadClass))
// ...
if (os::dont_yield()) return;
// ...
if (ConvertYieldToSleep) {
os::sleep(thread, MinSleepInterval, false); // 使用sleep替代
} else {
os::yield(); // 默认调用os的yield实现
}
JVM_END
最终会调用sched_yield()
void os::yield() {
sched_yield();
}
复制代码这是一个linux的系统调用,下面是相关的内核代码
SYSCALL_DEFINE0(sched_yield)
{
do_sched_yield();
return 0;
}
static void do_sched_yield(void)
{
// ...
current->sched_class->yield_task(rq);
// ...
schedule();
}
这里就比较清晰了,首先调用当前任务(线程)对应调度类的yield_task()函数,然后调用schedule()函数执行一次重新调度,相当于为当前CPU选择下一个要执行的任务。对于普通线程来说,对应的调度队列是cfs_rq,对应的调度类是cfs_sched_class,对应的yield_task()函数是yield_task_fair()
Thread.sleep
是一个 Java 本地方法
public static native void sleep(long millis) throws InterruptedException;
sleep 入口,如果参数是 0 的话会转换成yield。
JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_Sleep(JNIEnv* env, jclass threadClass, jlong millis))
// ...
if (millis == 0) {
if (ConvertSleepToYield) { // 默认是false
os::yield();
} else {
ThreadState old_state = thread->osthread()->get_state();
thread->osthread()->set_state(SLEEPING);
os::sleep(thread, MinSleepInterval, false); // 小睡一下
thread->osthread()->set_state(old_state);
}
} else {
ThreadState old_state = thread->osthread()->get_state();
thread->osthread()->set_state(SLEEPING);
if (os::sleep(thread, millis, true) == OS_INTRPT) {
// 处理中断
}
thread->osthread()->set_state(old_state);
}
// ...
JVM_END
调用 os::sleep (jvm 函数,不是操作系统的)
int os::sleep(Thread* thread, jlong millis, bool interruptible) {
ParkEvent * const slp = thread->_SleepEvent ;
if (interruptible) {
jlong prevtime = javaTimeNanos();
for (;;) {
if (os::is_interrupted(thread, true)) {
return OS_INTRPT;
}
jlong newtime = javaTimeNanos();
if (newtime - prevtime < 0) {
// ...
} else {
millis -= (newtime - prevtime) / NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC;
}
if(millis <= 0) {
return OS_OK;
}
// ...
{
// ...
slp->park(millis); // 调用的是os::PlatformEvent::park
// ...
}
}
} else {
// ...
}
}
最终调用 ParkEvent 的 park 函数,实现如下:
int os::PlatformEvent::park(jlong millis) {
int v ;
for (;;) {
v = _Event ;
if (Atomic::cmpxchg (v-1, &_Event, v) == v) break ; // cas设置_Event
}
if (v != 0) return OS_OK ; // os::PlatformEvent::unpark的时候会设置_Event=1,这里就会提前跳出
struct timespec abst;
compute_abstime(&abst, millis); // 0. 计算绝对时间
int ret = OS_TIMEOUT;
int status = pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex); // 1. 加mutex锁
// ...
++_nParked ;
while (_Event < 0) {
status = os::Linux::safe_cond_timedwait(_cond, _mutex, &abst); // 2. 等待
if (status != 0 && WorkAroundNPTLTimedWaitHang) {
pthread_cond_destroy (_cond);
pthread_cond_init (_cond, os::Linux::condAttr()) ;
}
if (!FilterSpuriousWakeups) break ; // previous semantics
if (status == ETIME || status == ETIMEDOUT) break ;
}
--_nParked ;
if (_Event >= 0) {
ret = OS_OK;
}
_Event = 0 ;
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex); // 3. 释放mutex锁
// ...
return ret;
}
Object.wait
wait 也是 JNI 方法
public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;
wait 一般是需要配合 synchrononized 使用的.入口是 JVM_MonitorWait
JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_MonitorWait(JNIEnv* env, jobject handle, jlong ms))
JVMWrapper("JVM_MonitorWait");
Handle obj(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle));
JavaThreadInObjectWaitState jtiows(thread, ms != 0);
if (JvmtiExport::should_post_monitor_wait()) {
JvmtiExport::post_monitor_wait((JavaThread *)THREAD, (oop)obj(), ms);
}
ObjectSynchronizer::wait(obj, ms, CHECK);
JVM_END
wait 代码实现如下:
void ObjectSynchronizer::wait(Handle obj, jlong millis, TRAPS) {
if (UseBiasedLocking) {
BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(obj, false, THREAD);
assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), "biases should be revoked by now");
}
if (millis < 0) {
TEVENT (wait - throw IAX) ;
THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "timeout value is negative");
}
ObjectMonitor* monitor = ObjectSynchronizer::inflate(THREAD, obj()); // 膨胀为重量级锁
DTRACE_MONITOR_WAIT_PROBE(monitor, obj(), THREAD, millis);
monitor->wait(millis, true, THREAD); // 调用wait
dtrace_waited_probe(monitor, obj, THREAD);
}
ObjectMonitor的wait函数 实现
void ObjectMonitor::wait(jlong millis, bool interruptible, TRAPS) {
Thread * const Self = THREAD ;
// ...
if (interruptible && Thread::is_interrupted(Self, true) && !HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
// ...
THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_InterruptedException()); // 处理中断
return ;
}
// ...
AddWaiter (&node) ; // 1. 添加到ObjectMonitor的等待队列_WaitSet中
// ...
exit (true, Self) ; // 2. 释放java的monitor锁(也就是monitorexit)
// ...
if (interruptible &&
(Thread::is_interrupted(THREAD, false) ||
HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION)) {
// Intentionally empty
} else if (node._notified == 0) {
if (millis <= 0) {
Self->_ParkEvent->park () ;
} else {
ret = Self->_ParkEvent->park (millis) ; // 3. 等待,和Thread::sleep一样的
}
}
//...
}
LockSupport.park
park 也是 JNI 方法
public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time);
Unsafe 实现
UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Park(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time))
// ...
thread->parker()->park(isAbsolute != 0, time);
// ...
UNSAFE_END
void Parker::park(bool isAbsolute, jlong time) {
if (Thread::is_interrupted(thread, false)) {
return;
}
timespec absTime;
if (time < 0 || (isAbsolute && time == 0) ) { // don't wait at all
return;
}
if (time > 0) {
unpackTime(&absTime, isAbsolute, time); // 0. 计算绝对时间
}
if (Thread::is_interrupted(thread, false) ||
pthread_mutex_trylock(_mutex) != 0) { // 1. 尝试加mutex锁
return;
}
int status ;
if (_counter > 0) { // no wait needed
_counter = 0;
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex); // 2.1 在park之前调用了unpark,就不会wait了
// ...
return;
}
if (time == 0) {
_cur_index = REL_INDEX; // arbitrary choice when not timed
status = pthread_cond_wait (&_cond[_cur_index], _mutex) ; // 2.2 入参为0,一直等待
} else {
_cur_index = isAbsolute ? ABS_INDEX : REL_INDEX;
// 2.3 带超时的等待
status = os::Linux::safe_cond_timedwait (&_cond[_cur_index], _mutex, &absTime) ;
if (status != 0 && WorkAroundNPTLTimedWaitHang) {
pthread_cond_destroy (&_cond[_cur_index]) ;
pthread_cond_init (&_cond[_cur_index], isAbsolute ? NULL : os::Linux::condAttr());
}
}
_counter = 0 ;
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex) ; // 3. 释放mutex锁
}