RabbitMQ
一,RabbitMQ简单介绍:
RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。
MQ全称为Message Queue,
消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如
远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
二,安装
pip install pika
三,简单队列
1丶使用API操作RabbitMQ
基于Queue实现生产者消费者模型
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import Queue
import threading
message = Queue.Queue(10)
def producer(i):
while True:
message.put(i)
def consumer(i):
while True:
msg = message.get()
for i in range(12):
t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,))
t.start()
for i in range(10):
t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,))
t.start() View Code
对于RabbitMQ来说，生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象，而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。
# ！/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) # 封装socket逻辑部分
channel = connection.channel() # 拿到操作句柄
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') # 通过channel创建一个队列，再给给队列取名字
channel.basic_publish(exchange='', # 通过句柄给
routing_key='hello', # 把body的数据放到名为hello的队列里去
body='Hello World!',
))
print("[x] Sent 'Hello World!")
connection.close() 生产者
# ！/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') # 创建队列
def callback(ch, method, properties, body): # 就是个回调函数
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
channel.basic_consume(callback, # 函数名；取出数据就执行这个函数
queue='hello', # 队列名
no_ack=Ture) # 无应答是（Ture）;有应答（False）
print(' [*] Waiting for messages.To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming() 消费者
2丶acknowledgment消息不丢失
no-ack ＝ False，如果消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。
# ！/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') # 创建队列
def callback(ch, method, properties, body): # 就是个回调函数
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print('ok')
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 调为有应答要加上的（下面的要改no_ack=False）
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(callback, # 函数名；取出数据就执行这个函数
queue='hello', # 队列名
no_ack=False) # 无应答是（Ture）;有应答（False）
print(' [*] Waiting for messages.To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming() 3丶durable消息不丢失
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True) # durable=True这个参数是把数据保存到硬盘
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='hello',
body='Hello World!',
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
delivery_mode=2, # 传递模式从默认的1，改为2
))
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close() #!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print 'ok'
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) # 把无应答调整为有应答
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=False) # 改为False,表示有应答
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming() 4丶消息获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print 'ok'
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) # prefetch_count=1这个参数就让取的方式改变，不在顺序取数据
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=False)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming() 四,exchange
1、fanout模式
发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。
所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
exchange type = fanout
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
# 创建交换机
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', # 名字
type='fanout') # 类型
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', # 往名字为logs的交换机里
routing_key='', # 把数据直接放到交换机里，不用放到队列中，所以默认为空
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close() # 关闭 发布者
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
#创建交换机
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
type='fanout')
# 随机创建一个队列
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', # 随机生成的队列绑定交换机
queue=queue_name)
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r" % body)
channel.basic_consume(callback, # 在下面阻塞后，如果得到数据后才执行这个函数
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming() # 阻塞住，等待生产者把数据放到消费者，并监听 订阅者
图形解释：
2、dirct模式
关键字发送
RabbitMQ 还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，
exchange 根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
exchange type = direct
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
type='direct')
severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
routing_key=severity,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close() #!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
type='direct')
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(1)
for severity in severities: # 用循环是可以绑定多个队列
channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key='severity') # 定义的参数（关键字）
channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key='alex')
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming() 图形解释:
在交换机中用一关键字，只有队列里有关键字交换机才会发送数据给绑定的队列。
3、topic
模糊匹配
在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，
匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。exchange type = topic
# 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
* 表示只能匹配 一个 单词
发送者路由值 队列中
old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配
old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic')
routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
routing_key=routing_key,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close() #!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic')
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(1)
for binding_key in binding_keys:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=binding_key)
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()