SocketServer其实是对socket更高级的封装正如官网上说的:
The socketserver module simplifies the task of writing network servers.
我们可以先打开以下SocketServer的源码,看一下源码中整体的框架
从上图我们可以看出SocketServer主要被抽象为两个主要的类:
BaseServer类,用于处理连接相关的网络操作
BaseRequestHandler类,用于实际处理数据相关的操作
SocketServer还提供了两个MixIn类:ThreadingMinxIn和ForkingMixinl
用于扩展server,实现多进程和多线程
下面从会从这几个主要的类开始做一个整体的分析,了解SocketServer的处理流程
BaseServer
先列一下这里所包含的方法:
server_activate
serve_forever
shutdown
service_actions
handle_request
handlerequest_noblock
handle_timeout
verify_request
process_request
server_close
finish_request
shutdown_request
close_request
handle_error
先看一下BaseServer的初始化函数,其实并没有过多的参数,主要就是实现了创建server对象,并初始化server地址和处理请求的类:RequestHandlerClass
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
"""Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
self.server_address = server_address
self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
self.__shutdown_request = False
先看一下源码内容如下:
def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
"""Handle one request at a time until shutdown.
Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
another thread.
"""
self.__is_shut_down.clear()
try:
# XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or connecting to the
# socket to wake this up instead of polling. Polling reduces our
# responsiveness to a shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other
# times.
with _ServerSelector() as selector:
selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)
while not self.__shutdown_request:
ready = selector.select(poll_interval)
if ready:
self._handle_request_noblock()
self.service_actions()
finally:
self.__shutdown_request = False
self.__is_shut_down.set()
当创建server对象之后,我们会使用server对象开启一个无限循环,即调用serve_forever,
下面是它的源码,接受一个参数poll_interval,用于表示select轮询的时间,然后进入一个死循环,用select方法进行网络IO的监听,这里通过调用selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)进行了注册,当ready有返回是,表示有IO连接或者数据,这个时候会调用_handle_request_noblock
接着看一下_handle_request_noblock源码
源码内容如下:
def _handle_request_noblock(self):
"""Handle one request, without blocking.
I assume that selector.select() has returned that the socket is
readable before this function was called, so there should be no risk of
blocking in get_request().
"""
try:
request, client_address = self.get_request()
except OSError:
return
if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
try:
self.process_request(request, client_address)
except:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
else:
self.shutdown_request(request)
handlerequest_noblock方法即开始处理一个请求,并且是非阻塞。该方法通过get_request方法获取连接,具体的实现在其子类。一旦得到了连接,调用verify_request方法验证请求。验证通过,即调用process_request处理请求。如果中途出现错误,则调用handle_error处理错误,以及shutdown_request结束连接。
而verify_request中默认直接返回True,所以当验证通过后讲调用process_request
def process_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Call finish_request.
Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.
"""
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
就像源码中描述的那样:Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.
process_request方法是mixin的入口,MixIn子类通过重写该方法,进行多线程或多进程的配置。调用finish_request完成请求的处理,同时调用shutdown_request结束请求。继续查看finish_request
def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
关于请求的部分到这里就已经处理完毕,接下来是要对数据的处理,finish_request方法将会处理完毕请求。创建requestHandler对象,并通过requestHandler做具体的处理。
BaseRequestHandler
就像我们前面说的:
还是从初始化函数里看源码:
def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
self.request = request
self.client_address = client_address
self.server = server
self.setup()
try:
self.handle()
finally:
self.finish()
该类会处理每一个请求。初始化对象的时候,设置请求request对象。然后调用setup方法,子类会重写该方法,用于处理socket连接。接下来的将是handler和finish方法。所有对请求的处理,都可以重写handler方法。
SocketServer的一个服务端的简单例子
直接上代码了:
import socketserver
class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
def handle(self):
while True:
try:
self.data = self.request.recv(1024).strip()
print("{} wrote:".format(self.client_address))
print(self.data)
self.request.sendall(self.data.upper())
except ConnectionResetError as e:
print(e)
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
host,port = "127.0.0.1",9999
server = socketserver.TCPServer((host,port),MyTCPHandler)
server.serve_forever()
通过对源码的分析我们已经知道了对数据的处理部分都是在BaseRequestHandler这个类中,而我们的主要处理逻辑也就是在这部分,所以我继承了这个类,重写了handle方法
所有的努力都值得期许,每一份梦想都应该灌溉!