// 实验存档
运行截图:
代码中的总体转化流程:中缀表达式字符串→tokens→逆波兰tokens(即后缀表达式)→四元式。
由后缀表达式写出四元式非常容易,比较繁琐的地方在于中缀转逆波兰,这里采用的方法如下↓
- 该元素是数字,则直接输出该数字
- 该元素是算数运算符:
- 直接压入符号栈的情况:符号栈为空,或者该运算符优先级大于栈顶运算符
- 不断弹出(同时输出该运算符)再压入的情况:符号栈不为空,或者该运算符优先级小于等于栈顶运算符
- 该元素是左括号,则直接将左括号压入符号栈,并赋予最小的优先级,避免被弹出。
- 该元素是右括号,则不断弹出(同时输出该运算符)符号栈中的元素,直到找到左括号,将左括号弹出但不输出(后缀表达式中是没有括号的)。
- 该元素是输入终止符号,则弹出(同时输出该运算符)符号栈中所有元素。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
let str = '4*(28+81*6-75)/8';
let tokens = tokenizer(str);
let inversePolishNotation = getInversePolishNotation(tokens);
let threeAddressCode = getThreeAddressCode(inversePolishNotation);
console.log("输入:" + str);
console.log("逆波兰式:" + inversePolishNotation.map(x => x.value));
console.log("四元式:" + threeAddressCode.map(x => x + '\n'));
// 获取逆波兰式相应的四元式
function getThreeAddressCode(inversePolishNotation) {
let result = [];
let stack = [];
let index = 0; // 临时变量序号
for (let i = 0; i != inversePolishNotation.length; ++i) {
if (inversePolishNotation[i].tag == '数字') {
stack.push(inversePolishNotation[i]);
} else if (inversePolishNotation[i].tag == '算数运算符') {
let right = stack.pop(); // 右操作数应该是后入栈的那个
let left = stack.pop();
let temp = {
tag: '临时变量',
value: 't' + index++,
};
stack.push(temp);
if (left && right) { // 如果左右操作数都不为空
result.push(`(${inversePolishNotation[i].value}, ${left.value}, ${right.value}, ${temp.value})`);
} else {
throw new Error("缺少操作数,非法运算!");
}
} else {
throw new Error("无法处理的token类型:" + tokens[i].tag);
}
}
return result;
}
// 输入中缀形式的tokens,输出逆波兰形式的tokens
function getInversePolishNotation(tokens) {
let result = [];
let symbols = []; // 维护一个符号栈,以便处理运算符间的优先级关系
for (let i = 0; i != tokens.length; ++i) {
if (tokens[i].tag == '数字') {
result.push(tokens[i]);
} else if (tokens[i].tag == '算数运算符') {
if (symbols.length == 0 || symbols[symbols.length - 1].priority < tokens[i].priority) {
symbols.push(tokens[i]);
} else {
while (symbols.length != 0 && symbols[symbols.length - 1].priority >= tokens[i].priority) {
result.push(symbols.pop());
}
symbols.push(tokens[i]);
}
} else if (tokens[i].value == '(') {
symbols.push(tokens[i]);
} else if (tokens[i].value == ')') {
let find = false;
while (symbols.length != 0) {
let temp = symbols.pop();
if (temp.value == '(') {
find = true;
break;
} else {
result.push(temp);
}
}
if (!find) throw new Error("左括号缺失");
} else {
throw new Error("无法处理的token类型:" + tokens[i].tag);
}
}
while (symbols.length != 0) {
let temp = symbols.pop();
if (temp.value == '(') {
throw new Error("右括号缺失");
} else {
result.push(temp);
}
}
return result;
}
// 重用之前的词法分析程序
function tokenizer(input) {
let s = input;
let cur = 0;
let peek = ' ';
let line = 1;
let readChar = () => s[cur++];
let undo = () => cur--;
let scan = () => { // 每次scan返回一个Token
// 略过空格,上次设置的peek值并不会被清空
for (;; peek = readChar()) {
if (peek == undefined) {
return null; // 读完了
} else if (peek == ' ' || peek == '\t') {
continue; // 略过空格和Tab
} else if (peek == '\n') {
line++; // 记录当前行
} else {
break;
}
}
if (/[0-9.]/.test(peek)) {
let temp = peek;
let hasPoint = false;
if (peek == '.') hasPoint = true;
while (/[0-9.]/.test(peek = readChar())) {
if (peek == '.' && hasPoint) {
console.log("第" + line + "行存在语法错误,数字中包含多个小数点");
return null;
} else if (peek == '.') {
hasPoint = true;
temp += peek;
} else {
temp += peek;
}
}
return {
tag: '数字',
value: Number(temp),
};
}
if (/[+*/-]/.test(peek)) {
let result = {
tag: '算数运算符',
value: peek,
};
if (peek == '+' || peek == '-') {
result.priority = 1; // 加减号的优先级较低
} else if (peek == '*' || peek == '/') {
result.priority = 2; // 乘除号的优先级较高
}
peek = ' ';
return result;
}
if (peek == '(') {
peek = ' ';
return {
tag: '括号',
value: '(',
priority: -99, // 左括号的优先级设置为最小,
// 不会因为除读到右括号外的情况而出栈
};
}
if (peek == ')') {
peek = ' ';
return {
tag: '括号',
value: ')',
};
}
throw new Error("读入非法字符: " + peek);
};
let tokens = [];
let token;
while (token = scan()) {
tokens.push(token);
}
return tokens;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>