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Qt开发技术:QCharts(三)QCharts样条曲线图介绍、Demo以及代码详解

​​Qt开发专栏:开发技术(点击传送门)​​

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前言

  红胖子,来也!

  按照顺序,本章为样条曲线图。

补充

  QCharts所有的图表都依赖《​​Qt开发技术:QCharts(一)QCharts基本介绍以及图表框架详解​​》中的QChart、QChartView、QLegend、QValueAxis。

Demo

  

Qt开发技术:QCharts(三)QCharts样条曲线图介绍、Demo以及代码详解

  

Qt开发技术:QCharts(三)QCharts样条曲线图介绍、Demo以及代码详解

Demo下载地址

  CSDN:​​javascript:void(0)​​

  QQ群:1047134658

样条曲线图

概述

  折线图和样条曲线图将数据表示为一系列由直线连接的数据点。在折线图中,数据点由直线连接,而在样条曲线图中,数据点由样条曲线连接。样条曲线是使用QPainterPath绘制的。

  样条曲线图是通过使用继承QLineSeries的QSplineSeries类或继承LineSeries的SplineSeries类型实现的。

  

Qt开发技术:QCharts(三)QCharts样条曲线图介绍、Demo以及代码详解

QSplineSeries(样条曲线图)

概述

  QSplineSeries类将数据显示为样条曲线图。

  样条曲线系列存储QPainterPath绘制样条曲线所需的数据点和段控制点。当数据发生变化时,自动计算控制点。该算法计算点以便绘制法向样条曲线。

  创建样条曲线图:

// 方式一:逐一添加,大批量数据较慢
QSplineSeries* pSeries = new QSplineSeries();
pSeries->append(0, 6);
pSeries->append(2, 4);
...
chart->addSeries(pSeries);      

  效率更高的方式为:

// 方式二:逐一添加,大批量数据插入
_pSplineSeries = new QSplineSeries;
_pSplineSeries2 = new QSplineSeries;
_pSplineSeries3 = new QSplineSeries;
_pSplineSeries4 = new QSplineSeries;

QList<QSplineSeries *> listLine;
listLine.append(_pSplineSeries);
listLine.append(_pSplineSeries2);
listLine.append(_pSplineSeries3);
listLine.append(_pSplineSeries4);
for(int index = 1; index < 4; index++)
{
    QList<QPointF> listPointF;
    for(int index = 0; index < 11; index++)
    {
        listPointF << QPointF(index, qrand()%11);
    }
    listLine.at(index)->append(listPointF);
    listLine.at(index)->setName(QString("通道%1").arg(index+1));
    listLine.at(index)->setPen(QPen(QColor(qrand()%256, qrand()%256, qrand()%256), 2));
    // 通用:将数据插入到图表中
    _pChart->addSeries(listLine.at(index));
}      

  注意:样条曲线图的QSplineSeries类的使用请参考QXYSeries的使用。

  QSplineSeries类以样条曲线图的形式显示数据。

QXYSeries(折线图、样条曲线图、散点图的基类)

概述

  QXYSeries类是折线图、样条曲线图、散点图的基类,QSplineSeries、QLineSeries、QScatterSeries都参照该类使用。

属性

  

Qt开发技术:QCharts(三)QCharts样条曲线图介绍、Demo以及代码详解

Demo核心代码解析

建立QChart的显示框架

SplineChartWidget::SplineChartWidget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    _pChartView(0),
    _pChart(0),
    _pXValueAxis(0),
    _pYValueAxis(0),
    _pLegend(0),
    _pLineSeries(0),
    _pLineSeries2(0),
    _pLineSeries3(0),
    _pLineSeries4(0)
{
    _pChartView = new QChartView(this);
    _pChart = new QChart();
    initData();
}
void SplineChartWidget::resizeEvent(QResizeEvent *event)
{
    if(_pChartView)
    {
        _pChartView->setGeometry(rect());
    }
}      

(本文章博客地址:​​javascript:void(0)​​)

初始化数据

void SplineChartWidget::initData()
{
    _pSplineSeries = new QSplineSeries;
    _pSplineSeries2 = new QSplineSeries;
    _pSplineSeries3 = new QSplineSeries;
    _pSplineSeries4 = new QSplineSeries;
    // 方式一:逐一添加,大批量数据较慢
    _pSplineSeries->append(0, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(1, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(2, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(3, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(4, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(5, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(6, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(7, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(8, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(9, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->append(10, qrand()%11);
    _pSplineSeries->setName("通道1");
    _pSplineSeries->setPen(QPen(QColor(qrand()%256, qrand()%256, qrand()%256), 2));
    // 通用:将数据插入到图表中
    _pChart->addSeries(_pSplineSeries);

    // 方式二:逐一添加,大批量数据较慢
    QList<QSplineSeries *> listLine;
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries2);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries3);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries4);
    for(int index = 1; index < 4; index++)
    {
        QList<QPointF> listPointF;
        for(int index = 0; index < 11; index++)
        {
            listPointF << QPointF(index, qrand()%11);
        }
        listLine.at(index)->append(listPointF);
        listLine.at(index)->setName(QString("通道%1").arg(index+1));
        listLine.at(index)->setPen(QPen(QColor(qrand()%256, qrand()%256, qrand()%256), 2));
        // 通用:将数据插入到图表中
        _pChart->addSeries(listLine.at(index));
    }

    // 通用:X轴和Y轴的处理(先插入数据再处理轴,否则不会有轴)
    _pChart->createDefaultAxes();
    _pYValueAxis = dynamic_cast<QValueAxis *>(_pChart->axisY());
//    _pYValueAxis = new QValueAxis(_pChart);
    _pYValueAxis->setRange(0, 10);
    _pYValueAxis->setLinePen(QPen(Qt::black, 1));
    // tick
    _pYValueAxis->setTickCount(5);
    _pYValueAxis->setGridLinePen(QPen(Qt::gray, 1));
    _pYValueAxis->setGridLineVisible(true);
    // subTick
    _pYValueAxis->setMinorTickCount(4);
    _pYValueAxis->setMinorGridLineVisible(true);
    _pYValueAxis->setLabelFormat("%d");
//    _pChart->addAxis(_pYValueAxis, Qt::AlignLeft);

    _pXValueAxis = dynamic_cast<QValueAxis *>(_pChart->axisX());
//    _pXValueAxis = new QValueAxis(_pChart);
    _pXValueAxis->setRange(0, 10);
    _pXValueAxis->setLinePen(QPen(Qt::black, 1));
    // tick
    _pXValueAxis->setTickCount(5);
    _pXValueAxis->setGridLinePen(QPen(Qt::gray, 1));
    _pXValueAxis->setGridLineVisible(true);
    // subTick
    _pXValueAxis->setMinorTickCount(4); // 相反
    _pXValueAxis->setMinorGridLineVisible(true);
    _pXValueAxis->setLabelFormat("%d s");
//    _pChart->addAxis(_pXValueAxis, Qt::AlignBottom);

    // 通用:视图显示设置为图表
    _pChartView->setRubberBand(QChartView::NoRubberBand);   // 不缩放
    _pChartView->setDragMode(QChartView::NoDrag);   // 拽拖:需要自己重写QCharView
    _pChartView->setChart(_pChart);


    // 标识
    _pLegend = _pChart->legend();
    _pLegend->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);

    // 平滑
    _pChartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);
    // 阴影
    _pChart->setDropShadowEnabled(true);

}      

设置数据线是否显示(标签显示会同步)

void SplineChartWidget::setDataVisible(int index, bool visible)
{
    if(index < 0 || index > 3)
    {
        return;
    }
    QList<QSplineSeries *> listLine;
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries2);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries3);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries4);
    listLine.at(index)->setVisible(visible);
}      

设置主题样式

void SplineChartWidget::setTheme(QChart::ChartTheme theme)
{
    _pChart->setTheme(theme);
}      

设置动画模式

void SplineChartWidget::setAnimationOptions(QChart::AnimationOption option)
{
    _pChart->setAnimationOptions(option);
}      

设置标签显示位置

void SplineChartWidget::setAlignment(Qt::Alignment align)
{
    _pLegend->setAlignment(align);
}      

设置标签是否可见

void SplineChartWidget::setLegendVisible(bool visible)
{
    _pLegend->setVisible(visible);
    _pChartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
}      

设置是否绘制平滑

void SplineChartWidget::setAntialiasing(bool antialiasing)
{
    _pChartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, antialiasing);
}      

设置是否有阴影

void SplineChartWidget::setShadow(bool shadow)
{
    _pChart->setDropShadowEnabled(shadow);
}      

重置随机数据

void SplineChartWidget::resetData()
{
    _pChart->removeAllSeries();
    _pSplineSeries = new QSplineSeries;
    _pSplineSeries2 = new QSplineSeries;
    _pSplineSeries3 = new QSplineSeries;
    _pSplineSeries4 = new QSplineSeries;
    QList<QSplineSeries *> listLine;
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries2);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries3);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries4);
    for(int index = 0; index < 4; index++)
    {
        QList<QPointF> listPointF;
        for(int index = 0; index < 11; index++)
        {
            listPointF << QPointF(index, qrand()%11);
        }
        listLine.at(index)->append(listPointF);
        listLine.at(index)->setName(QString("通道%1").arg(index+1));
        listLine.at(index)->setPen(QPen(QColor(qrand()%256, qrand()%256, qrand()%256), 2));
        _pChart->addSeries(listLine.at(index));
    }
    resetColor();
}      

重置随机颜色

void SplineChartWidget::resetColor()
{
    QList<QLineSeries *> listLine;
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries2);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries3);
    listLine.append(_pSplineSeries4);
    for(int index = 0; index < listLine.size(); index++)
    {
        listLine.at(index)->setColor(QColor(qrand()%256, qrand()%256, qrand()%256));
    }
}      

工程模板:对应版本号v1.0.0

  对应版本号v1.0.0