一、Ubunt环境
1. 测试环境机器规划
角色 | 主机名 | IP地址 |
master | test-b-k8s-master | 192.168.11.13 |
node | test-b-k8s-node01 | 192.168.11.14 |
node | test-b-k8s-node02 | 192.168.11.15 |
2. 软件环境版本
软件 | 版本 |
OS | Ubuntu 20.04.5 focal |
Docker | Docker version 20.10.21 |
Kubernetes | v1.25.4 |
3. 初始化配置(所有节点)
修改阿里apt源
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
sudo apt-get update -y
关闭防火墙
sudo ufw disable
关闭selinux
略...
我安装的ubuntu20默认没有selinux这东西,因此不涉及关闭
关闭swap
sudo swapoff -a # 临时
sudo sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
添加hosts
sudo vi /etc/hosts
192.168.11.13 test-b-k8s-master
192.168.11.14 test-b-k8s-node01
192.168.11.15 test-b-k8s-node02
将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
sudo vi /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
sudo sysctl --system
时间同步
sudo apt install ntpdate
sudo ntpdate time.windows.com
4. 安装Docker/cri-dockerd/kubeadm/kubelet/kubectl(所有节点)
安装Docker-ce
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates software-properties-common
sudo curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt-get -y update && sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce
# 配置镜像下载加速器
sudo vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker && sudo docker info
安装cri-dockerd
wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.2.6/cri-dockerd_0.2.6.3-0.ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i cri-dockerd_0.2.6.3-0.ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb
# 指定依赖镜像地址
sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --container-runtime-endpoint fd:// --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:latest
sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl enable cri-docker && sudo systemctl restart cri-docker
安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
# 添加k8s的阿里云apt源
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
sudo curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# 开始安装
sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl && sudo systemctl enable kubelet.service
5. 部署Kubernetes Master
在192.168.11.13(Master)执行
sudo kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.11.13 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.25.4 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \
--ignore-preflight-errors=all
配置kubectl使用的连接k8s认证文件
# 普通用户
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 管理员(可加到环境变量)
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
6. 加入节点
在2台node节点上执行
sudo kubeadm join 192.168.11.13:6443 --token o37091.z858bts6jmth9irz \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:628a5b50227c93e465adc1ca380cf335e8f639c15c8a92892f9d22b71ac6c2ac \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
上面用到的token,默认token有效期为24小时,当过期之后,该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token,可以直接使用命令快捷生成:
sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command
加入后在master查看工作节点
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
test-b-k8s-master NotReady control-plane 7m57s v1.25.4
test-b-k8s-node01 NotReady <none> 14s v1.25.4
test-b-k8s-node02 NotReady <none> 8s v1.25.4
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$
目前工作节点的状态为NotReady,是因为还没有部署网络插件,等部署完就会处于Ready。
7. 部署容器网络接口(CNI)Calico
Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案,是目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案。下面开始部署Calico,在master上进行部署操作。
下载calico的YAML:
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
下载完后还需要修改里面定义Pod网络(CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR),与前面kubeadm init的 --pod-network-cidr指定的一样。
calico.yaml中CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR默认的配置如下:
# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
# value: "192.168.0.0/16"
取消注释,并修改成与前面kubeadm init的 --pod-network-cidr(10.244.0.0/16)指定的一样。
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
value: "10.244.0.0/16"
修改完后文件后,开始部署:
# 部署calico
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
接下来就是比较漫长的等待,等待多久取决于你的网速,如果网络的好的话,就会更快一点,因为它还要拉镜像,而且是3台节点都要拉取相关镜像,下面可以在master上查看位于kube-system命名空间下的pod
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-798cc86c47-sg65n 0/1 Pending 0 111s
calico-node-9d2gz 0/1 Init:0/3 0 111s
calico-node-csnwt 0/1 Init:0/3 0 111s
calico-node-g7rk2 0/1 Init:0/3 0 111s
coredns-c676cc86f-p2sgs 0/1 Pending 0 19m
coredns-c676cc86f-pn5zk 0/1 Pending 0 19m
etcd-test-b-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-apiserver-test-b-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-controller-manager-test-b-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-proxy-6bdwl 1/1 Running 0 12m
kube-proxy-d8xgk 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-proxy-lcw2n 1/1 Running 0 11m
kube-scheduler-test-b-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 19m
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$
等calico的全部pod状态都为Running的时候,就成功了。到时候你再去查看node的状态,应该也会为Ready了。
刚才提到,在部署calico的过程中3台节点都需要拉取相关镜像,可以到其中1台Node上查看有没有镜像了:
tantianran@test-b-k8s-node02:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.25.4 2c2bc1864279 2 weeks ago 61.7MB
calico/cni v3.24.5 628dd7088041 2 weeks ago 198MB
calico/node v3.24.5 54637cb36d4a 2 weeks ago 226MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause latest 350b164e7ae1 8 years ago 240kB
tantianran@test-b-k8s-node02:~$
经过一小段时间等待后,calico相关的pod已经都为Running了
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-798cc86c47-sg65n 1/1 Running 0 7m45s
calico-node-9d2gz 1/1 Running 0 7m45s
calico-node-csnwt 1/1 Running 0 7m45s
calico-node-g7rk2 1/1 Running 0 7m45s
coredns-c676cc86f-p2sgs 1/1 Running 0 25m
coredns-c676cc86f-pn5zk 1/1 Running 0 25m
etcd-test-b-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-apiserver-test-b-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-controller-manager-test-b-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-proxy-6bdwl 1/1 Running 0 17m
kube-proxy-d8xgk 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-proxy-lcw2n 1/1 Running 0 17m
kube-scheduler-test-b-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 25m
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$
继续查看工作节点的状态,也是Ready状态了
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
test-b-k8s-master Ready control-plane 26m v1.25.4
test-b-k8s-node01 Ready <none> 19m v1.25.4
test-b-k8s-node02 Ready <none> 19m v1.25.4
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$
到此为止!CNI网络插件calico就已经完成部署啦!
8. 部署Dashboard
Dashboard是官方提供的一个UI,可用于基本管理K8s资源,也是在master上进行部署操作。github项目地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
YAML下载地址:
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,下载yaml文件后,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部:
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001 # 增加这个(等会我们访问UI的端口)
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort # 增加这个(让每个节点都可访问)
开始部署
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
这时候,也是需要等待到dashboard相关的pod为Running的状态,它也是要拉镜像,可查看命名空间kubernetes-dashboard下的pod:
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-64bcc67c9c-nnzqv 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 17s
kubernetes-dashboard-5c8bd6b59-blpgm 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 17s
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$
等待后,再次查看,dashboard相关的pod已经为Running的状态,说明已经部署好
tantianran@test-b-k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-64bcc67c9c-nnzqv 1/1 Running 0 2m
kubernetes-dashboard-5c8bd6b59-blpgm 1/1 Running 0 2m
接下来就可以访问任意节点的30001端口访问UI,记得是用https哦
- https://192.168.11.13:30001/#/login
- https://192.168.11.14:30001/#/login
- https://192.168.11.15:30001/#/login
创建登录UI的token
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
kubectl create token dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
将创建好的token复制进去即可完成登录
最后说明一下,以后所有yaml文件都只在Master节点执行(部署操作),切记!
二、CentOS7环境
1. 测试环境机器规划
角色 | 主机名 | IP地址 |
master | test-a-k8s-master | 192.168.11.10 |
node | test-a-k8s-node01 | 192.168.11.11 |
node | test-a-k8s-node02 | 192.168.11.12 |
2. 软件环境版本
软件 | 版本 |
OS | CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 |
Docker | Docker version 20.10.21 |
Kubernetes | v1.25.4 |
3. 操作系统初始化配置(所有节点)
3.1 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
3.2 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
3.3 关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
3.4 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
3.5 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.11.10 test-a-k8s-master
192.168.11.11 test-a-k8s-node01
192.168.11.12 test-a-k8s-node02
EOF
3.6 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
3.7 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com # 阿里云时钟服务
4. 安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet/cri-dockerd(所有节点)
4.1 安装Docker-ce
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
4.2 配置镜像下载加速器
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
systemctl restart docker
docker info
4.3 安装cri-dockerd
wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.2.6/cri-dockerd-0.2.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cri-dockerd-0.2.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
4.4 指定依赖镜像地址
在cri-docker.service配置中的 fd:// 后面增加 --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7 说明:pause:3.7 也可以指向最新的版本 pause:latest
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
# 内容:
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --container-runtime-endpoint fd:// --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable cri-docker && systemctl start cri-docker
4.5 添加阿里云YUM软件源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
4.6 安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
yum install -y kubelet-1.25.4 kubeadm-1.25.4 kubectl-1.25.4
systemctl enable kubelet.service # 这里仅设置enable,后续部署的时候会自动交由kubeadm拉起
5. 部署Kubernetes Master
在192.168.11.10(Master)执行
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.11.10 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.25.4 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \
--ignore-preflight-errors=all
在进行更改之前,运行一些列检查,验证系统状态,有些检查只会触发警告,有些检查会被视为错误并退出kubeadm,因此使用 --ignore-preflight-errors=all 忽略检查中的错误。
初始化完成之后,最后会出现下面这样的提示:
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
要开始使用集群,您需要以普通用户身份运行以下命令:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
或者,如果您是root用户,则可以运行:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
# 记住这个join命令,后面用,作用是在node节点运行这条命令,加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.11.10:6443 --token pk474p.uvc65opv1zs625lq \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:c14439c309345c6a02340bb7df74108c4cde6e0f8393f45a123f347f11b98b57
6. 配置kubectl使用的连接k8s认证文件
# 普通用户要开始使用集群,您需要以普通用户身份运行以下命令:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 或者,如果您是root用户,则可以运行(可以加入到环境变量):
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
查看工作节点
[root@test-a-k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
test-a-k8s-master NotReady control-plane 12m v1.25.4
[root@test-a-k8s-master ~]#
由于网络插件还没有部署,还没有准备就绪 NotReady,先继续
7. 加入Kubernetes Node
向集群添加新节点,执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令并手动加上--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
# 在2台node上运行(192.168.11.11、192.168.11.12)
kubeadm join 192.168.11.10:6443 --token pk474p.uvc65opv1zs625lq \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:c14439c309345c6a02340bb7df74108c4cde6e0f8393f45a123f347f11b98b57 \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
上面用到的token,默认token有效期为24小时,当过期之后,该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token,可以直接使用命令快捷生成:
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
8. 部署容器网络接口(CNI)Calico
Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案,是目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案。下面开始部署Calico,在master上进行部署操作。
下载calico的YAML:
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
下载完后还需要修改里面定义Pod网络(CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR),与前面kubeadm init的 --pod-network-cidr指定的一样。
calico.yaml中CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR默认的配置如下:
# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
# value: "192.168.0.0/16"
取消注释,并修改成与前面kubeadm init的 --pod-network-cidr指定的一样。
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
value: "10.244.0.0/16"
修改完后文件后,开始部署:
# 部署calico
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
# 查看kube-system命名空间下的pod
[root@test-a-k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-798cc86c47-pd8zc 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 82s
calico-node-d54c9 0/1 Init:0/3 0 82s
calico-node-prpdl 0/1 Init:0/3 0 82s
calico-node-rkwzv 1/1 Running 0 82s
coredns-c676cc86f-kw9v8 1/1 Running 0 26m
coredns-c676cc86f-vfwz7 1/1 Running 0 26m
etcd-test-a-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-apiserver-test-a-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-controller-manager-test-a-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-proxy-kv9rx 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-proxy-qphqt 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 11m
kube-proxy-z5fjm 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 11m
kube-scheduler-test-a-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 26m
[root@test-a-k8s-master ~]#
说明:以后所有yaml文件都只在Master节点执行。
等Calico Pod都Running,节点也会准备就绪。
再次查看工作节点,已经为Ready状态
[root@test-a-k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
test-a-k8s-master Ready control-plane 13m v1.25.4
test-a-k8s-node01 Ready <none> 8m43s v1.25.4
test-a-k8s-node02 Ready <none> 7m57s v1.25.4
[root@test-a-k8s-master ~]#
9. 部署Dashboard
Dashboard是官方提供的一个UI,可用于基本管理K8s资源,github项目地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
YAML下载地址:
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部:
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001 # 增加这个(等会我们访问UI的端口)
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort # 增加这个(让每个节点都可访问)
开始部署
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
查看命名空间kubernetes-dashboard下的pod
[root@test-a-k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-64bcc67c9c-4jvvw 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 40s
kubernetes-dashboard-5c8bd6b59-v7nvm 1/1 Running 0 40s
[root@test-a-k8s-master ~]#
等dashboard的pod状态都为running时,就完成了
创建登录UI的token
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
kubectl create token dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
访问任意节点的30001的端口都可以登录UI:
- https://192.168.11.10:30001/#/login
- https://192.168.11.11:30001/#/login
- https://192.168.11.12:30001/#/login
将创建好的token复制进去即可完成登录。
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