天天看点

Word Break II -- leetcode

Given a string s and a dictionary of words dict, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word.

Return all such possible sentences.

For example, given

s = 

"catsanddog"

,

dict = 

["cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"]

.

A solution is 

["cats and dog", "cat sand dog"]

.

基本思路:

深度递归(暴力偿试法)

再结合剪枝操作。

剪枝操作思路为:

使用一个数组:breakable[i],  表示从第 i个字符向后直至结束,是否可分解为句子。初始皆为true.

当发现从一个位置不可分隔成数组,则置上标志,以避免后续的重复偿试。

判断不可分隔也很简单,即从一个位置起开始递归后,如果结果集没有增加,则该位置不可分隔。

此代码在leetcode上实际执行时间为4ms。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> wordBreak(string s, unordered_set<string>& wordDict) {
        vector<string> ans;
        vector<int> breakable(s.size()+1, true);
        dfs(ans, s, wordDict, "", 0, breakable);
        return ans;
    }
    
    void dfs(vector<string> &ans, const string &s, const unordered_set<string> &wordDict, 
        string sentence, int start, vector<int> &breakable) {
        if (start == s.size()) {
            ans.push_back(sentence);
            return;
        }
        
        if (!sentence.empty())
            sentence.push_back(' ');
        
        const int old_size = ans.size();
        for (int i=start+1; i<=s.size(); i++) {
            if (!breakable[i])
                continue;
            const string word(s.substr(start, i-start));
            if (wordDict.find(word) != wordDict.end()) {
                dfs(ans, s, wordDict, sentence + word, i, breakable);
            }
        }
        if (old_size == ans.size())
            breakable[start] = false;
    }
};