Given a string s and a dictionary of words dict, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word.
Return all such possible sentences.
For example, given
s =
"catsanddog"
,
dict =
["cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"]
.
A solution is
["cats and dog", "cat sand dog"]
.
基本思路:
深度递归(暴力偿试法)
再结合剪枝操作。
剪枝操作思路为:
使用一个数组:breakable[i], 表示从第 i个字符向后直至结束,是否可分解为句子。初始皆为true.
当发现从一个位置不可分隔成数组,则置上标志,以避免后续的重复偿试。
判断不可分隔也很简单,即从一个位置起开始递归后,如果结果集没有增加,则该位置不可分隔。
此代码在leetcode上实际执行时间为4ms。
class Solution {
public:
vector<string> wordBreak(string s, unordered_set<string>& wordDict) {
vector<string> ans;
vector<int> breakable(s.size()+1, true);
dfs(ans, s, wordDict, "", 0, breakable);
return ans;
}
void dfs(vector<string> &ans, const string &s, const unordered_set<string> &wordDict,
string sentence, int start, vector<int> &breakable) {
if (start == s.size()) {
ans.push_back(sentence);
return;
}
if (!sentence.empty())
sentence.push_back(' ');
const int old_size = ans.size();
for (int i=start+1; i<=s.size(); i++) {
if (!breakable[i])
continue;
const string word(s.substr(start, i-start));
if (wordDict.find(word) != wordDict.end()) {
dfs(ans, s, wordDict, sentence + word, i, breakable);
}
}
if (old_size == ans.size())
breakable[start] = false;
}
};