天天看点

linux如何查看python的版本_修改linux下python的默认版本

linux下python版本默认为python2.7,下面将通过操作在linux系统下修改python的默认版本。

本文linux系统使用的是ubuntu19。

操作:

1.在shell下输入python --version查看当前python版本;

[email protected]:/usr/bin# python --version

Python 2.7.17

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

2.运行命令 ll /usr/bin/pyth* 查看当前linux系统已经安装了哪几个版本的python。

[email protected]:/usr/bin# ll /usr/bin/pyth*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 2 01:52 /usr/bin/python -> python2*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Oct 10 04:32 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3702800 Nov 7 02:07 /usr/bin/python2.7*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 24 03:39 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.7*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5082224 Oct 8 09:47 /usr/bin/python3.7*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5082224 Oct 8 09:47 /usr/bin/python3.7m*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 384 Jan 30 2019 /usr/bin/python3-futurize*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Feb 24 03:39 /usr/bin/python3m -> python3.7m*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 388 Jan 30 2019 /usr/bin/python3-pasteurize*

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

3.如果没有安装python3版本的需要先进行安装;

[email protected]:/usr/bin# apt install python3.7

正在读取软件包列表... 完成

正在分析软件包的依赖关系树

正在读取状态信息... 完成

将会同时安装下列软件:

libpython3.7 libpython3.7-minimal libpython3.7-stdlib python3.7-minimal

建议安装:

python3.7-venv python3.7-doc binfmt-support

下列软件包将被升级:

libpython3.7 libpython3.7-minimal libpython3.7-stdlib python3.7

python3.7-minimal

升级了 5 个软件包,新安装了 0 个软件包,要卸载 0 个软件包,有 103 个软件包未被升级。

4.而在shell中输入命令:python,实际上是读取/usr/bin/python文件,/usr/bin/python文件是一个软链接文件,并指出python2,而python2又是一个指向python2.7的软链接文件。

[email protected]:/usr/bin# ll /usr/bin/python*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 2 01:52 /usr/bin/python -> python2*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Oct 10 04:32 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3702800 Nov 7 02:07 /usr/bin/python2.7*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 24 03:39 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.7*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5082224 Oct 8 09:47 /usr/bin/python3.7*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5082224 Oct 8 09:47 /usr/bin/python3.7m*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 384 Jan 30 2019 /usr/bin/python3-futurize*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Feb 24 03:39 /usr/bin/python3m -> python3.7m*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 388 Jan 30 2019 /usr/bin/python3-pasteurize*

[email protected]:/usr/bin# ll /usr/bin/python

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 2 01:52 /usr/bin/python -> python2*

[email protected]:/usr/bin# ll /usr/bin/python2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Oct 10 04:32 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7*

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

5.通过更改/usr/bin/python的指向就能实现更改python默认版本,由于软链接文件不支持修改,所以先删除,再重新指向。

删除python软链接文件: rm -rf python

重新创建新指向 python:ln -s /usr/bin/python3 python

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

[email protected]:/usr/bin# rm -rf python

[email protected]:/usr/bin# python --version

bash: /usr/bin/python: 没有那个文件或目录

[email protected]:/usr/bin# ln -s /usr/bin/python3 python

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

6.检查当前python版本;

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

[email protected]:/usr/bin# python

Python 3.7.5rc1 (default, Oct 8 2019, 16:47:45)

[GCC 9.2.1 20191008] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> exit()

[email protected]:/usr/bin# python --version

Python 3.7.5rc1

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

7.如果改回python2,同理先删除,再重新创建。

删除python软链接文件: rm -rf python

重新创建新指向 python:ln -s python2 python

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

[email protected]:/usr/bin# rm -rf python

[email protected]:/usr/bin# ln -s python2 python

[email protected]:/usr/bin#

[email protected]:/usr/bin# python --version

Python 2.7.17

[email protected]:/usr/bin#