「A-level经济——通货膨胀」#alevel##alevel经济#
定义 Definition – Inflation is a sustained rise in the cost of living and average price level. 通货膨胀是生活成本和平均价格水平的持续上升。
Causes Inflation 通货膨胀的原因 – Inflation is caused by excess demand in the economy, a rise in costs of production, rapid growth in the money supply. 通货膨胀是由经济中的过剩需求，生产成本的上升，货币供应量的快速增长引起的。
Costs of Inflation 通货膨胀的成本 – Inflation causes decline in value of savings, uncertainty, confusion and can lead to lower investment. 通货膨胀导致储蓄价值下降，不确定性，混乱，并可能导致投资减少。
Measuring Inflation 衡量通货膨胀 – Inflation is measured by CPI and RPI. It is calculated by finding a typical basket of goods. Giving a weighting to goods and measuring price changes every year. 通货膨胀是由CPI和RPI来衡量的。它是通过寻找一篮子典型商品来计算的。给予商品一个权重并测量每年的价格变化。
Problems measuring inflation 衡量通货膨胀的问题 – why it can be hard to measure inflation with changing goods. 为什么随着商品的变化，很难衡量通货膨胀。
Different types of inflation 不同类型的通货膨胀 – cost-push inflation, demand-pull inflation, wage-price spiral, 成本推动型通货膨胀，需求拉动型通货膨胀，工资-价格螺旋。
How to solve inflation. Policies to reduce inflation, including monetary policy, fiscal policy and supply-side policies. 如何解决通货膨胀。降低通货膨胀的政策，包括货币政策、财政政策和供应方政策。
Trade off between inflation and unemployment. Is there a trade-off between the two, as Phillips Curve suggests? 通货膨胀和失业之间的权衡。这两者之间是否存在菲利普斯曲线所暗示的权衡？
The relationship between inflation and the exchange rate – Why high inflation can lead to a depreciation in the exchange rate. 通货膨胀与汇率之间的关系--为什么高通货膨胀会导致汇率贬值。
What should the inflation target be? – Why do government typically target inflation of 2% 通货膨胀的目标应该是什么？- 为什么政府通常以2%的通胀率为目标
Deflation 通货紧缩 – why falling prices can lead to negative economic growth. 为什么价格下跌会导致经济负增长。
Monetarist Theory 货币主义理论 – Monetarist theory of inflation emphasises the role of the money supply. 货币主义的通货膨胀理论强调了货币供应量的作用。
Criticisms of Monetarism 对货币主义的批评 – A look at whether the monetarist theory holds up to real-world scenarios. 看看货币主义理论在现实世界的情况下是否站得住脚。
Money Supply 货币供应量 – What the money supply is. 货币供应量是什么。
