linux安装图形界面包.doc
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linux安装图形界面包1、RHEL5配置光盘为本地yum源在安装软件的时候时常会遇到依赖性问题。我们可以通过配置yum来帮我们解决繁琐的软件依赖关系。1.1 挂载光盘[[email protected] mnt]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/mount: block device /dev/cdrom iswrite-protected, mounting read-only[[email protected] mnt]# ll /mnt/cdrom/total 3770dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 8192 Mar 22 2010 Clusterdr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 8192 Mar 22 2010 ClusterStorage-r--r--r-- 8 root root 8445 Sep 3 2008 EULA-r--r--r-- 3 root root 8445 Mar 10 2010 eula.en_US-r--r--r-- 8 root root 18416 Dec 1 2006 GPLdr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 2048 Mar 22 2010 imagesdr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Mar 22 2010 isolinux1.2 修改yum源先copy原yum源文件备份，然后用vim编辑yum文件并保存：[[email protected] cdrom]# cp/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak[[email protected] cdrom]# vi/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo[[email protected] cdrom]# more /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo[Cluster]name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - Clusterbaseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Clusterenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release [ClusterStorage]name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - ClusterStoragebaseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ClusterStorageenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release [Server]name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - Serverbaseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Serverenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release [VT]name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - VTbaseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/VTenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release 配置文件社会自说明：1) [ ]内的是仓库的名称 2) name是仓库的描述或者说资源名称3) baseurl 仓库的位置，Yum源的目录获取路径4) enabled 是否启用这个仓库，1为起用，0为禁用，本地设为15) gpgcheck 是否检查GPG签名(用来验证要安装的包是不是REDHAT官方的) 1.3 测试Yum源使用出现如下信息，说明配置成功：[[email protected] etc]# yum grouplistSetting up Group ProcessInstalled Groups: Administration Tools Legacy Software Development Legacy Software Support Mail Server Network Servers Server Configuration Tools System Tools Text-based Internet XWindow SystemAvailable Groups: Authoring and Publishing Cluster Storage Clustering DNS Name Server Development Libraries Development Tools Editors Engineering and Scientific FTP Server GNOME Desktop Environment GNOME Software Development Games and Entertainment Graphical Internet Graphics Java Development KDE (K Desktop Environment) KDE Software Development KVM Legacy Network Server MySQL Database News Server Office/Productivity OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution PostgreSQL Database Printing Support Sound and Video Web Server Windows File Server XSoftware Development XenDone2、安装XWindow包[[email protected] etc]#yum groupinstall "X Window System"Transaction Summary=============================================。省略部分。fonts-2.10-1.noarchalready installed and latest versionPackage linuxwacom-0.7.8.3-8.el5.x86_64already installed and latest versionPackagesystem-config-services-0.9.4-5.el5.noarch already installed and latest versionPackage vnc-server-4.1.2-14.el5_3.1.x86_64already installed and latest versionPackagesystem-config-date-1.8.12-4.el5.noarch already installed and latest versionPackage glx-utils-6.5.1-7.8.el5.x86_64already installed and latest versionPackage wdaemon-0.14-5.x86_64 alreadyinstalled and latest versionPackage authconfig-gtk-5.3.21-6.el5.x86_64already installed and latest versionPackagesystem-config-printer-0.7.32.10-1.el5.x86_64 already installed and latestversionPackagesystem-config-network-1.3.99.18-1.el5.noarch already installed and latestversionPackage bitstream-vera-fonts-1.10-7.noarchalready installed and latest versionPackagesystem-config-users-1.2.51-4.el5.noarch already installed and latest versionNo packages in any requested groupavailable to install or update 3、启动XWindow此时如果启动图形界面的话，看到的图形界面是linux原始的图形界面，如下： 如果想出现桌面的话，还需要安装Desktop组件，用yum grouplist查看下组件列表：GNOME Desktop Environment和KDE (KDesktop Environment)并未安装。4、安装GNOME图形桌面[[email protected] etc]# yum groupinstall "GNOMEDesktop Environment"zenity x86_64 2.16.0-2.el5 Server 1.2 MTransaction Summary===============================================================================Install 145 Package(s)Upgrade 0 Package(s)Total download size: 124 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 1.4GB/s | 124 MB 00:00 …… Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction Test xorg-x11-server-Xnest.x86_64 0:1.1.1-48.76.el5 zenity.x86_64 0:2.16.0-2.el5 Complete!5、启动GNOME图形桌面[[email protected] etc]# startx出现正常安装的linux图形界面则说明安装成功。6、图形桌面常用命令6.1、已安装组件和未安装组件查看[[email protected] etc]#yum grouplist6.2 安装xwindow包如果系统安装之初采用最小化安装，没有安装xwindow，那么先安装[[email protected] etc]# yum groupinstall "X WindowSystem"6.3 安装卸载GNOME桌面环境安装GNOME桌面环境[[email protected] etc]#yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop Environment" 卸载GNOME桌面环境[[email protected] etc]#yum groupremove "GNOME DesktopEnvironment"6.4 安装卸载GNOME桌面环境安装KDE桌面环境[[email protected] etc]#yum groupinstall "KDE (K DesktopEnvironment)" 卸载KDE桌面环境[[email protected] etc]#yum groupremove "KDE (K DesktopEnvironment)"6.5 默认桌面设置和切换默认启动桌面选择设置：方法1： 修改/etc/sysconfig/desktop，根据需要将“DESKTOP”后面的内容改为KDE或GNOME。方法2：在当前用户目录下建立“.xinitrc”这个文件(注意文件名前有一个点号，代表建立的是一个隐藏文件)，文件的内容就一行startkde或gnome-session，根据自己的需要选择KDE或GNOME。 GNOME和KDE的切换(“#”后面为输入命令)1、如果需要切换到GNOME：[[email protected] etc]#switchdesk gnome2、如果需要切换到KDE：[[email protected] etc]#switchdesk kde6.6 退出图形界面可以直接按 ctrl + alt + F1或者 ctal + alt + F2 等切换到文本控制台。或者图形界面菜单里面有选项的，选择退出或者关机的时候有选择退出到文本界面。 关 键 词： linux 安装 图形界面
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