1,内容回顾
# 装饰器的进阶
# functools.wraps
# 带参数的装饰器
# 多个装饰器装饰同一个函数
# 装饰器
# 开发原则 : 开放封闭原则
# 装饰器的作用 :在不改变原函数的调用方式的情况下,在函数的前后添加功能
# 装饰器的本质 : 闭包函数
# def wrapper(func):
# def inner(*args,**kwargs):
# print('在被装饰的函数执行之前做的事')
# ret = func(*args,**kwargs)
# print('在被装饰的函数执行之后做的事')
# return ret
# return inner
#
# @wrapper #holiday = wrapper(holiday)
# def holiday(day):
# print('全体放假%s天'%day)
# return '好开心'
#
# ret = holiday(3)
# print(ret)
# def outer(*args):
# print(args)
# print(*args)
# def inner(*args):
# print('inner : ',args)
# inner(*args)
#
#
# outer(1,2,3,4) #==outer(*[1,2,3,4]) #==outer(*(1,2,3,4))
2,作业
1)编写装饰器,为多个函数加上认证的功能(用户的账号密码来源于文件), 要求登录成功一次,后续的函数都无需再输入用户名和密码
# FLAG = False
# def login(func):
# def inner(*args,**kwargs):
# global FLAG
# '''登录程序'''
# if FLAG:
# ret = func(*args, **kwargs) # func是被装饰的函数
# return ret
# else:
# username = input('username : ')
# password = input('password : ')
# if username == 'boss_gold' and password == '22222':
# FLAG = True
# ret = func(*args,**kwargs) #func是被装饰的函数
# return ret
# else:
# print('登录失败')
# return inner
#
# @login
# def shoplist_add():
# print('增加一件物品')
#
# @login
# def shoplist_del():
# print('删除一件物品')
#
# shoplist_add()
# shoplist_del()
2)编写装饰器,为多个函数加上记录调用功能,要求每次调用函数都将被调用的函数名称写入文件
# def log(func):
# def inner(*args,**kwargs):
# with open('log','a',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# f.write(func.__name__+'\n')
# ret = func(*args,**kwargs)
# return ret
# return inner
#
# @log
# def shoplist_add():
# print('增加一件物品')
#
# @log
# def shoplist_del():
# print('删除一件物品')
# shoplist_add()
# shoplist_del()
# shoplist_del()
# shoplist_del()
# shoplist_del()
# shoplist_del()
3)进阶作业:
1.编写下载网页内容的函数,要求功能是:用户传入一个url,函数返回下载页面的结果
2.为题目1编写装饰器,实现缓存网页内容的功能:
具体:实现下载的页面存放于文件中,如果文件内有值(文件大小不为0),就优先从文件中读取网页内容,否则,就去下载,然后存到文件中
import os
from urllib.request import urlopen
def cache(func):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
if os.path.getsize('web_cache'):
with open('web_cache','rb') as f:
return f.read()
ret = func(*args,**kwargs) #get()
with open('web_cache','wb') as f:
f.write(b'*********'+ret)
return ret
return inner
@cache
def get(url):
code = urlopen(url).read()
return code
# {'网址':"文件名"}
ret = get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(ret)
ret = get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(ret)
ret = get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(ret)
3,wraps
from functools import wraps
def wrapper(func): #func = holiday
____@wraps(func)
____def inner(*args,**kwargs):
________print(‘在被装饰的函数执行之前做的事’)
________ret = func(*args,**kwargs)
________print(‘在被装饰的函数执行之后做的事’)
________return ret
____return inner
from functools import wraps
def wrapper(func): #func = holiday
@wraps(func)
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
print('在被装饰的函数执行之前做的事')
ret = func(*args,**kwargs)
print('在被装饰的函数执行之后做的事')
return ret
return inner
@wrapper #holiday = wrapper(holiday)
def holiday(day):
'''这是一个放假通知'''
print('全体放假%s天'%day)
return '好开心'
print(holiday.__name__)
print(holiday.__doc__)
ret = holiday() #inner
print(ret)
# def wahaha():
# '''
# 一个打印娃哈哈的函数
# :return:
# '''
# print('娃哈哈')
# print(wahaha.__name__) #查看字符串格式的函数名
# print(wahaha.__doc__) #document
4,装饰器进阶
1)带参数的装饰器
#500个函数
# import time
# FLAGE = False
# def timmer_out(flag):
# def timmer(func):
# def inner(*args,**kwargs):
# if flag:
# start = time.time()
# ret = func(*args,**kwargs)
# end = time.time()
# print(end-start)
# return ret
# else:
# ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
# return ret
# return inner
# return timmer
# # timmer = timmer_out(FLAGE)
# @timmer_out(FLAGE) #wahaha = timmer(wahaha)
# def wahaha():
# time.sleep(0.1)
# print('wahahahahahaha')
#
# @timmer_out(FLAGE)
# def erguotou():
# time.sleep(0.1)
# print('erguotoutoutou')
# wahaha()
# erguotou()
2)多个装饰器装饰一个函数(俄罗斯套娃)
def wrapper1(func):
def inner1():
print('wrapper1 ,before func')
ret = func()
print('wrapper1 ,after func')
return ret
return inner1
def wrapper2(func):
def inner2():
print('wrapper2 ,before func')
ret = func()
print('wrapper2 ,after func')
return ret
return inner2
def wrapper3(func):
def inner3():
print('wrapper3 ,before func')
ret = func()
print('wrapper3 ,after func')
return ret
return inner3
@wrapper3
@wrapper2
@wrapper1
def f():
print('in f')
return '哈哈哈'
print(f())
#记录用户的登录情况
#计算这个函数的执行时间