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【Android -- 动画】补间动画

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前言

Android中动画分为3种:

  1. Tween Animation(补间动画):通过对场景的对象不断做图像变换(平移、缩放、旋转)产生动画效果,即是一种渐变动画。
  2. Frame Animation(逐帧动画):顺序播放事先做好的图像,是一种画面转换动画。
  3. Property Animation(属性动画):通过动态地改变对象的属性从而达到动画效果,属性动画为 API 11 新特性。

原理

  • 平移动画(Translate)
  • 缩放动画(scale)
  • 旋转动画(rotate)
  • 透明度动画(alpha)

使用

1. 平移动画(Translate)

  1. 动画效果 xml 文件,/res/anim/translate_anim.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<translate xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:duration="3000"
    android:startOffset ="1000"
    android:fillBefore = "true"
    android:fillAfter = "false"
    android:fillEnabled= "true"
    android:repeatMode= "restart"
    android:repeatCount = "0"
    android:fromXDelta="0"
    android:toXDelta="500"
    android:fromYDelta="0"
    android:toYDelta="500" />      
  1. 代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView mAnim;
    private Button mPlay;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);

        initView();
        initEvent();

        // 方式二:通过 TranslateAnimation 实现
        Animation animation = new TranslateAnimation(0,500,0,500);
        animation.setDuration(3000);
        mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
    }

    private void initView() {
        mAnim = findViewById(R.id.tv_anim);
        mPlay = findViewById(R.id.btn_play);
    }

    private void initEvent() {
        mPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 方式一:通过加载 xml 文件实现
                Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(MainActivity.this, R.anim.translate_anim);
                mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
            }
        });
    }
}      

2. 缩放动画(Scale)

  1. 动画效果 xml 文件,/res/anim/scale_anim.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<scale xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:duration="3000"
    android:startOffset ="1000"
    android:fillBefore = "true"
    android:fillAfter = "false"
    android:fillEnabled= "true"
    android:repeatMode= "restart"
    android:repeatCount = "0"

    android:fromXScale="0.0"
    android:toXScale="2.0"
    android:fromYScale="0.0"
    android:toYScale="2.0"
    android:pivotX="50%"
    android:pivotY="50%"/>      
  1. 代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView mAnim;
    private Button mPlay;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);

        initView();
        initEvent();

        // 方式二:通过 ScaleAnimation 实现
        Animation animation = new ScaleAnimation(0,2,0,2,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,
                0.5f,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0.5f);
        animation.setDuration(3000);
        mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
    }

    private void initView() {
        mAnim = findViewById(R.id.tv_anim);
        mPlay = findViewById(R.id.btn_play);
    }

    private void initEvent() {
        mPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 方式一:通过加载 xml 文件实现
                Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(MainActivity.this, R.anim.scale_anim);
                mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
            }
        });
    }
}      

3.旋转动画(Rotate)

  1. 动画效果 xml 文件,/res/anim/rotate_anim.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rotate xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:duration="1000"
    android:fromDegrees="0"
    android:toDegrees="+360"
    android:repeatCount="10"
    android:repeatMode="restart"
    android:pivotX="50%"
    android:pivotY="50%"
    android:interpolator="@android:anim/overshoot_interpolator" />      
  1. 代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView mAnim;
    private Button mPlay;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);

        initView();
        initEvent();

        // 方式二:通过 RotateAnimation 实现
        Animation animation = new RotateAnimation(0,270,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,
                0.5f,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0.5f);
        animation.setDuration(3000);
        mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
    }

    private void initView() {
        mAnim = findViewById(R.id.tv_anim);
        mPlay = findViewById(R.id.btn_play);
    }

    private void initEvent() {
        mPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 方式一:通过加载 xml 文件实现
                Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(MainActivity.this, R.anim.rotate_anim);
                mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
            }
        });
    }
}      

4.透明度动画(Alpha)

  1. 动画效果 xml 文件,/res/anim/alpha_anim.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<alpha xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:duration="3000"
    android:startOffset ="1000"
    android:fillBefore = "true"
    android:fillAfter = "false"
    android:fillEnabled= "true"
    android:repeatMode= "restart"
    android:repeatCount = "0"
    android:interpolator="@android:anim/overshoot_interpolator"
    android:fromAlpha="1.0"
    android:toAlpha="0.0"/>      
  1. 代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView mAnim;
    private Button mPlay;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);

        initView();
        initEvent();

        // 方式二:通过 AlphaAnimation 实现
        Animation animation = new AlphaAnimation(1,0);
        animation.setDuration(3000);
        mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
    }

    private void initView() {
        mAnim = findViewById(R.id.tv_anim);
        mPlay = findViewById(R.id.btn_play);
    }

    private void initEvent() {
        mPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 方式一:通过加载 xml 文件实现
                Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(MainActivity.this, R.anim.alpha_anim);
                mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
            }
        });
    }
}      

5. 组合动画

  1. 动画效果 xml 文件,/res/anim/combination_anim.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:duration="3000"
    android:startOffset ="1000"
    android:fillBefore = "true"
    android:fillAfter = "false"
    android:fillEnabled= "true"
    android:repeatMode= "restart"
    android:repeatCount = "0"
    android:interpolator="@android:anim/overshoot_interpolator"
    >
    <!--设置旋转动画,语法同单个动画-->
    <rotate
        android:duration="1000"
        android:fromDegrees="0"
        android:toDegrees="360"
        android:pivotX="50%"
        android:pivotY="50%"
        android:repeatMode="restart"
        android:repeatCount="infinite"
        />

    <!--设置平移动画,语法同单个动画-->
    <translate
        android:duration="10000"
        android:startOffset = "1000"
        android:fromXDelta="-50%p"
        android:fromYDelta="0"
        android:toXDelta="50%p"
        android:toYDelta="0" />

    <!--设置透明度动画,语法同单个动画-->
    <alpha
        android:startOffset="7000"
        android:duration="3000"
        android:fromAlpha="1.0"
        android:toAlpha="0.0" />

    <!--设置缩放动画,语法同单个动画-->
    <scale
        android:startOffset="4000"
        android:duration="1000"
        android:fromXScale="1.0"
        android:fromYScale="1.0"
        android:pivotX="50%"
        android:pivotY="50%"
        android:toXScale="0.5"
        android:toYScale="0.5" />

</set>      
  1. 代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView mAnim;
    private Button mPlay;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);

        initView();
        initEvent();

        // 方式二:通过 AnimationSet 实现
        AnimationSet animation = new AnimationSet(true);
        animation.setRepeatMode(Animation.RESTART);
        animation.setRepeatCount(1);

        //子动画1: 旋转动画
        Animation rotate = new RotateAnimation(0,360,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,
                0.5f,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0.5f);
        rotate.setDuration(1000);
        rotate.setRepeatMode(Animation.RESTART);
        rotate.setRepeatCount(Animation.INFINITE);

        // 子动画2:平移动画
        Animation translate = new TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f,TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT,
                0.5f,TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0,TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0);
        translate.setDuration(10000);

        // 子动画3:透明度动画
        Animation alpha = new AlphaAnimation(1,0);
        alpha.setDuration(3000);
        alpha.setStartOffset(7000);

        // 子动画4:缩放动画
        Animation scale = new ScaleAnimation(1,0.5f,1,0.5f,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,
                0.5f,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0.5f);
        scale.setDuration(1000);
        scale.setStartOffset(4000);

        animation.addAnimation(rotate);
        animation.addAnimation(translate);
        animation.addAnimation(alpha);
        animation.addAnimation(scale);
        mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
    }

    private void initView() {
        mAnim = findViewById(R.id.tv_anim);
        mPlay = findViewById(R.id.btn_play);
    }

    private void initEvent() {
        mPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 方式一:通过加载 xml 文件实现
                Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(MainActivity.this, R.anim.combination_anim);
                mAnim.startAnimation(animation);
            }
        });
    }
}