- 视图类传递参数给序列化类
- 二次封装Response
- 视图家族简介
- generics APIView视图基类
- mixins视图六大工具类
- generic中的工具视图
- 视图集viewsets
- ModelViewSet拥有六大接口
- 总结
- 路由组件（了解）
-曾老湿, 江湖人称曾老大。
-多年互联网运维工作经验，曾负责过大规模集群架构自动化运维管理工作。
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-devops项目经理兼DBA。
-开发过一套自动化运维平台（功能如下）：
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6)SQL执行及审批流程。
7)慢查询日志分析web界面。
视图类传递参数给序列化类
| 介绍 |
|---|
# 1）在视图类中实例化序列化对象时，可以设置context内容
# 2）在序列化类中的局部钩子、全局钩子、create、update方法中，都可以用self.context访问视图类传递过来的内容
# 需求：
# 1) 在视图类中，可以通过request得到登陆用户request.user
# 2) 在序列化类中，要完成数据库数据的校验与入库操作，可能会需要知道当前的登陆用户，但序列化类无法访问request
# 3) 在视图类中实例化序列化对象时，将request对象传递进去 复制
| 视图层 |
|---|
class Book(APIView):
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(data=request_data,context={'request':request})
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_result = book_ser.save()
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_result).data
}) 复制
| 序列化层 |
|---|
class BookModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = ('name', 'price')
def validate_name(self, value):
print(self.context.get('request').method)
return value 复制
二次封装Response
我们之前在写视图的时候，发现写了大量的Response信息，反复写，反复写，重复代码，如下：
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': '数据有误'
})
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'put OK',
'results': serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data
}) 复制
| 封装 |
|---|
我们在项目目录下新创建一个目录：utils
然后再utils中创建response.py文件

from rest_framework.response import Response
"""
Response({
'status':0,
'msg':'ok',
'results':[],
'token':'', # 有 这样的额外的key-value数据结果
},status=http_status,headers=headers,exceptio=True|False)
## 我们想要的结果，就是在APIResponse上加上括号就出来最简单的结果
APIResponse() => Respone({'status':0, 'msg':'ok',})
"""
class APIResponse(Response):
def __init__(self, data_status=0, data_msg='ok', results=None, http_status=None, headers=None, exception=False,
**kwargs):
data = {
'status': data_status,
'msg': data_msg
}
## results可能是False、0等数据，这些数据某些情况下，也会作为合法数据返回
if results is not None:
data['results'] = results
if kwargs is not None:
for k, v in kwargs.items():
setattr(data, k, v) ## 反射，相当于：data[k] = v
super().__init__(data=data, status=http_status, headers=headers, exception=exception) 复制
| 测试 |
|---|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from . import models, serializers
## 导入
from utils.response import APIResponse
class V2Book(APIView):
# 单查：有pk
# 群查：无pk
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk:
try:
book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk, is_delete=False)
book_data = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data
except:
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': '书籍不存在'
})
else:
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
book_data = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_query, many=True).data
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': book_data
})
# 单增：传的数据是与model对应的字典
# 群增：传的数据是 装多个 model对应字典 的列表
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
request_data = request.data
if isinstance(request_data, dict):
many = False
elif isinstance(request_data, list):
many = True
else:
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': '数据有误',
})
book_ser = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(data=request_data, many=many)
# 当校验失败，马上终止当前视图方法，抛异常返回给前台
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_result = book_ser.save()
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_result, many=many).data
})
# 单删：有pk
# 群删：有pks | {"pks": [1, 2, 3]}
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk:
pks = [pk]
else:
pks = request.data.get('pks')
if models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=pks, is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True):
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': '删除成功',
})
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': '删除失败',
})
# 单整体改,传的数据是与model对应的字典{name|price|publish|authors}
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
request_data = request.data
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
old_book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
## 将众多 数据的校验交给序列化类来 处理，让序列化累扮演反序列化的角色，校验成功后，序列化帮你入库
book_ser = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(instance=old_book_obj, data=request_data)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# 校验通过，完成数据的更新：要知道更新的目标，用来更新的新数据
book_obj = book_ser.save()
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'put OK',
'results': serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data
})
# 单局部改
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
request_data = request.data
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
## 将单改群改的数据都格式化成pks=[需要修改的对象主键标识] | request_data = [每个要修改对象对应的的修改数据]
if pk and isinstance(request_data, dict): # 单改
pks = [pk, ]
request_data = [request_data, ]
elif not pk and isinstance(request_data, list): # 群改
pks = []
for dic in request_data:
pk = dic.pop('pk', None)
if pk:
pks.append(pk)
else:
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': '数据有误'
})
else:
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': '数据有误'
})
# 将不能操作的数据 剔除 pks与request_data数据筛选
objs = []
new_request_data = []
for index, pk in enumerate(pks):
try:
## pk对应的数据合理，将合理的对象存储
obj = models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk, is_delete=False)
objs.append(obj)
new_request_data.append(request_data[index])
except:
# pk对应的数据有误，将对应索引的data中request_data中移除
# index = pks.index(pk)
# request_data.pop(index)
continue
book_ser = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(instance=objs, data=new_request_data, partial=True, many=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# 校验通过，完成数据的更新：要知道更新的目标，用来更新的新数据
book_objs = book_ser.save()
book_objs_data = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_objs, many=True).data
return APIResponse(results=book_objs_data) 复制

视图家族简介
| 介绍 |
|---|
"""
views：视图
generics：工具视图
mixins：视图工具集
viewsets：视图集
"""
"""
学习曲线
APIView => GenericAPIView => mixins的五大工具类 => generics中的工具视图 => viewsets中的视图集
""" 复制
generics APIView视图基类
先把之前序列化的东西保存下来，然后清空views文件，我们要开始学习视图了。

| 路由 |
|---|
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/books/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v1/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
] 复制
| 序列化 |
|---|
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer, SerializerMethodField
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
from . import models
from rest_framework.serializers import ListSerializer
class BookListSerializer(ListSerializer):
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
for index, obj in enumerate(instance):
self.child.update(obj, validated_data[index])
return instance
class BookModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = ('name', 'price', 'img', 'author_list', 'publish_name', 'publish', 'authors')
extra_kwargs = {
'name': {
'required': True,
'min_length': 1,
'error_messages': {
'required': '必填项',
'min_length': '太短',
}
},
'publish': {
'write_only': True
},
'authors': {
'write_only': True
},
'img': {
'read_only': True,
},
'author_list': {
'read_only': True,
},
'publish_name': {
'read_only': True,
}
}
list_serializer_class = BookListSerializer
def validate_name(self, value):
if 'g' in value.lower():
raise ValidationError('该g书不能出版')
return value
def validate(self, attrs):
publish = attrs.get('publish')
name = attrs.get('name')
if models.Book.objects.filter(name=name, publish=publish):
raise ValidationError({'book': '该书已存在'})
return attrs 复制
| APIView视图 |
|---|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
class BookAPIView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_query, many=True)
book_data = book_ser.data
return APIResponse(results=book_data) 复制

| GenericAPIView视图 |
|---|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
## GenericAPIView 是继承APIView的 ，完全兼容APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_query, many=True)
book_data = book_ser.data
return APIResponse(results=book_data) 复制

代码没有改变，结果完全一样。
| GenericAPIView视图对比APIView |
|---|
重点：GenericAPIView在APIView的基础上完成了哪些事？
1.get_queryset()
2.get_object()
3.get_serializer()
修改代码如下：
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
## GenericAPIView 是继承APIView的 ，完全兼容APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
### 群取
class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_query = self.get_queryset()
book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query, many=True)
book_data = book_ser.data
return APIResponse(results=book_data) 复制
我擦，本来的4步，变成了6步。
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
## GenericAPIView 是继承APIView的 ，完全兼容APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
## 单取
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_query = self.get_object()
book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query)
book_data = book_ser.data
return APIResponse(results=book_data) 复制

单取的路由，有名分组，必须叫pk，否则就会报错
<api.views.BookGenericAPIView object at 0x112135470> - GET - Expected view BookGenericAPIView to be called with a URL keyword argument named "pk". Fix your URL conf, or set the `.lookup_field` attribute on the view correctly. 复制
总结：
1.get_queryset()：从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据
2.get_object()：从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据，再通过有名分组pk确定唯一操作对象
当然也可以自定义主键的有名分组名称
lookup_field = 'id'
3.get_serializer()：从类属性serializer_class中获得serializer的序列化类
| 单取，群取合并 |
|---|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
class BookAPIView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_query, many=True)
book_data = book_ser.data
return APIResponse(results=book_data)
## GenericAPIView 是继承APIView的 ，完全兼容APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
return self.list(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_query = self.get_queryset()
book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query,many=True)
book_data = book_ser.data
return APIResponse(results=book_data)
def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_query = self.get_object()
book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query)
book_data = book_ser.data
return APIResponse(results=book_data) 复制
上面的代码能看懂，就看，看不懂也不要紧...不要'紧'的，为啥呢？因为别人帮我们干了...
mixins视图六大工具类
| 路由 |
|---|
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/books/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v1/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookListGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookListGenericAPIView.as_view()),
] 复制
| 视图 |
|---|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin
class BookListGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
## 群查
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) 复制

| 使用自定义的APIresponse |
|---|
class BookListGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
## 群查
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data) 复制

| 实现增加方法 |
|---|
修改一下路由名称
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/books/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v1/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
] 复制
修改方法名，添加增加方法
class BookMixinGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
## 群查
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data) 复制

| 单查群查放一起 |
|---|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin
class BookMixinGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
## 群查
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
if 'pk' in kwargs:
response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
else:
response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data) 复制


| 单改，群改 |
|---|
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin
class BookMixinGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
## 查询
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
if 'pk' in kwargs:
## 单查
response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
else:
## 群查
response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
## 增加
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
## 单增
response = self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
## 修改
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
## 单改
response = self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
## 群改
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data) 复制
generic中的工具视图
我们学了 Generic 视图
然后学了 Mixins 工具
接下来学习内容是drf中Generic结合了Mixins，工具视图
| 群查单增，路由 |
|---|
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/books/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v1/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/$', views.BookListCreateAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookListCreateAPIView.as_view()),
] 复制
| 群查单增，视图 |
|---|
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView
class BookListCreateAPIView(ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer 复制
四句话，完成群查和单增...


如果想要加上修改方法，不需要单独写，同样继承一下即可,还是4句话
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView
class BookListCreateAPIView(ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer 复制


视图集viewsets
重写了 as_view
| 视图 |
|---|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView
class BookListCreateAPIView(ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
class BookGenericViewSet(GenericViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
## 假装是群查
def my_get_list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(0,'假装这是群查，走到这肯定是成功了')
## 假装是单查
def my_get_obj(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(0, '假装这是单查，走到这肯定是成功了') 复制
| 路由 |
|---|
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/books/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v1/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/$', views.BookListCreateAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookListCreateAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v5/books/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})),
url(r'^v5/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_obj'})),
] 复制


| 完善单查和群查 |
|---|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework import mixins
class BookGenericViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
## 真·群查
def my_get_list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
## 真·单查
def my_get_obj(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) 复制
ModelViewSet拥有六大接口
| 路由 |
|---|
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/books/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v1/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/$', views.BookListCreateAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookListCreateAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v5/books/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})),
url(r'^v5/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_obj'})),
url(r'^v6/books/$', views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
url(r'^v6/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$',views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update'})),
] 复制
| 视图 |
|---|
就下面几句话，六大接口搞定了...但是删除，一定要重写，否则会删除数据库
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class BookModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer 复制
1.群查

2.单查

3.单增

4.单改

| 重写删除 |
|---|
视图
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class BookModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
instance = self.get_object()
if not instance:
return APIResponse(1, '删除失败')
instance.is_delete = True
instance.save()
return APIResponse(0, '删除成功') 复制
路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/books/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v1/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/$', views.BookListCreateAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookListCreateAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v5/books/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})),
url(r'^v5/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_obj'})),
url(r'^v6/books/$', views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
url(r'^v6/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$',
views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update','delete':'destroy'})),
] 复制

总结
GenericAPIView视图集
# GenericAPIView是继承APIView的，使用完全兼容APIView
# 重点：GenericAPIView在APIView基础上完成了哪些事
# 1）get_queryset()：从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据
# 2）get_object()：从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据，再通过有名分组pk确定唯一操作对象
# 3）get_serializer()：从类属性serializer_class中获得serializer的序列化类 复制
mixins工具集
# 1）mixins有五个工具类文件，一共提供了五个工具类，六个工具方法：单查、群查、单增、单删、单整体改、单局部改
# 2）继承工具类可以简化请求函数的实现体，但是必须继承GenericAPIView，需要GenericAPIView类提供的几个类属性和方法(见上方GenericAPIView基类知识点)
# 3）工具类的工具方法返回值都是Response类型对象，如果要格式化数据格式再返回给前台，可以通过 response.data 拿到工具方法返回的Response类型对象的响应数据 复制
工具视图
# 1）工具视图都是GenericAPIView的子类，且不同的子类继承了不听的工具类，重写了请求方法
# 2）工具视图的功能如果直接可以满足需求，只需要继承工具视图，提供queryset与serializer_class即可 复制
视图集
# 1）视图集都是优先继承ViewSetMixin类，再继承一个视图类（GenericAPIView或APIView）
# GenericViewSet、ViewSet
# 2）ViewSetMixin提供了重写的as_view()方法，继承视图集的视图类，配置路由时调用as_view()必须传入 请求名-函数名 映射关系字典
# eg: url(r'^v5/books/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})),
# 表示get请求会交给my_get_list视图函数处理 复制
GenericAPIView 与 APIView 作为两大继承视图的区别
# 1）GenericViewSet和ViewSet都继承了ViewSetMixin，as_view都可以配置 请求-函数 映射
# 2）GenericViewSet继承的是GenericAPIView视图类，用来完成标准的 model 类操作接口
# 3）ViewSet继承的是APIView视图类，用来完成不需要 model 类参与，或是非标准的 model 类操作接口
# post请求在标准的 model 类操作下就是新增接口，登陆的post不满足
# post请求验证码的接口，不需要 model 类的参与
# 案例：登陆的post请求，并不是完成数据的新增，只是用post提交数据，得到的结果也不是登陆的用户信息，而是登陆的认证信息 复制
路由组件（了解）
from django.conf.urls import include
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
# 所有路由与ViewSet视图类的都可以注册，会产生 '^v6/books/$' 和 '^v6/books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$'
router.register('v6/books', views.BookModelViewSet)
urlpatterns = [
# 第一种添加子列表方式
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
]
# 第二种添加子列表方式
# urlpatterns.extend(router.urls) 复制