1.ServletConfig 详解
1.1、概念与用法
共有四个 API:
- getInitParameter(String name): 获取指定参数名的初始化参数
- getInitParameterNames(): 获取参数名组成的 Enumeration 对象.
- getServletName
- getServletContext
ServletConfig 封装了 Serlvet 的配置信息, 并且可以获取 ServletContext 对象
在Servlet的配置文件web.xml中,可以使用一个或多个标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。
例如:
<!-- 配置和映射 Servlet -->
<servlet>
<!-- Servlet 注册的名字 -->
<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
<!-- Servlet 的全类名 -->
<servlet-class>com.atguigu.javaweb.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置 Serlvet 的初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<!-- 参数名 -->
<param-name>user</param-name>
<!-- 参数值 -->
<param-value>root</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>1230</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 可以指定 Servlet 被创建的时机 -->
<load-on-startup>-1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
获取初始化参数:
> getInitParameter(String name): 获取指定参数名的初始化参数
> getInitParameterNames(): 获取参数名组成的 Enumeration 对象.
String user = servletConfig.getInitParameter("user");
System.out.println("user: " + user);
Enumeration<String> names = servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
while(names.hasMoreElements()){
String name = names.nextElement();
String value = servletConfig.getInitParameter(name);
System.out.println("^^" + name + ": " + value);
}
1.2、通过ServletConfig获取Servlet的初始化参数
当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而,我们通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息
package com.atguigu.javaweb;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class HelloServlet
*/
public class HelloServlet implements Servlet
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy");
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
System.out.println("getServletConfig");
return null;
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
System.out.println("getServletInfo");
return null;
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
String user = servletConfig.getInitParameter("user");
System.out.println("user: " + user);
Enumeration<String> names = servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
String name = names.nextElement();
String value = servletConfig.getInitParameter(name);
System.out.println("^^" + name + ": " + value);
}
System.out.println("init");
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("service");
}
public HelloServlet() {
System.out.println("HelloServlet's constructor");
}
}
2. ServletContext对象
当前 WEB 应用的一个大管家,从中获取当前 WEB 应用的各方面信息
Servlet 引擎 为 每个 Web 应用都创建了一个对应的 ServletContext对象,ServletContext 包含在 ServletConfig对象中
一个web 应用的 所有 Servlet 公用一个 ServletContext对象,所以ServletContext 被称为 application 对象(Web 应用程序对象)
功能
- 获取 web 应用程序的初始化参数
- 获取日志
- application 域范围的属性
- 访问资源文件
- 获取虚拟路径所映射的本地路径
- WEB 应用之间的访问
2.1、多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "xdp_gacl";
/**
* ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用,开发人员在编写servlet时,
* 可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
*/
ServletContext context = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();//获得ServletContext对象
context.setAttribute("data", data); //将data存储到ServletContext对象中
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String data = (String) context.getAttribute("data");//从ServletContext对象中取出数据
response.getWriter().print("data="+data);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws
先运行ServletContextDemo1,将数据data存储到ServletContext对象中,然后运行ServletContextDemo2就可以从ServletContext对象中取出数据了,这样就实现了数据共享。
2.2、获取WEB应用的初始化参数
在web.xml文件中使用
<context-param>
标签配置WEB应用的初始化参数,如下所示:
<!-- 配置当前 WEB 应用的初始化参数 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>driver</param-name>
<param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>jdbcUrl</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
</context-param>
获取Web应用的初始化参数,代码如下:
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//获取整个web站点的初始化参数
String contextInitParam = context.getInitParameter("url");
response.getWriter().print(contextInitParam);
}
}
2.3、用servletContext实现请求转发
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "<h1><font color='red'>abcdefghjkl</font></h1>";
response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//获取ServletContext对象
RequestDispatcher rd = context.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/ServletContextDemo5");//获取请求转发对象(RequestDispatcher)
rd.forward(request, response);//调用forward方法实现请求转发
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getOutputStream().write("servletDemo5".getBytes());
}
.......
}
访问的是ServletContextDemo4,浏览器显示的却是ServletContextDemo5的内容,这就是使用ServletContext实现了请求转发
2.4、利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件
代码范例:使用servletContext读取资源文件,读取jdbc.properties
<!-- 配置当前 WEB 应用的初始化参数 -->
<!-- 配置当前 WEB 应用的初始化参数 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>driver</param-name>
<param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>jdbcUrl</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
</context-param>
.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
Properties pros = new Properties();
try {
ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
InputStream is = classLoader.getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
System.out.println("1. " + is);
pros.load(is);
System.out.println(pros.getProperty("name"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
pros = new Properties();
try {
InputStream is2 = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/jdbc.properties");
System.out.println("2. " + is2);
pros.load(is2);
System.out.println(pros.getProperty("name"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String picPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/lib");
System.out.println(picPath);
输出结果:
3.四、在客户端缓存Servlet的输出
public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "abcddfwerwesfasfsadf";
/**
* 设置数据合理的缓存时间值,以避免浏览器频繁向服务器发送请求,提升服务器的性能
* 这里是将数据的缓存时间设置为1天
*/
response.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis() + 24 * 3600 * 1000);
response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}