centos oracle11.2 命令行创建数据库

安装完数据库oracle11.2默认是没有安装数据库，需要手动安装：

oracle常用命令：

sqlplus / as sysdba      进入dba模式

shutdown immediate   立即停止

startup open credit     打开实例

lsnrctl            start     启动监听：

lsnrctl            status   查看状态

lsnrctl           stop       停止监听

我们可以使用DBCA创建数据库，但是手工建库也是DBA必须掌握的，学会了手工建库有利于我们更好的了解oracle的体系结构。我们一起看一下手工建库的步骤吧！

数据库系统版本：11.2g

1)设置数据库的环境变量

[[email protected] ~]$ vi .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=ENMOEDU

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

2）创建口令文件

[[email protected] ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[[email protected] dbs]$ ls

init.ora

[[email protected] dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwENMOEDU password=oracle entries=30;

[[email protected] dbs]$ ls

init.ora  orapwENMOEDU

3）修改已有的init.ora创建参数文件 此数据库的db_name=ENMOEDU

[[email protected] dbs]$ cat init.ora|grep -v ^$|grep -v ^# > initENMOEDU.ora

[[email protected] dbs]$ vi initENMOEDU.ora

db_name='ENMOEDU'

memory_target=1G

processes = 150

audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ENMOEDU/adump'

audit_trail ='db'

db_block_size=8192

db_domain=''

db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G

diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'

open_cursors=300

remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

control_files = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/control01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/control.ctl')

compatible ='11.2.0'

4）创建数据库需要的文件夹

[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ENMOEDU/adump

[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU

5）启动数据库到nomount

[[email protected] dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Feb 5 20:48:58 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1071333376 bytes

Fixed Size                  1349732 bytes

Variable Size             620758940 bytes

Database Buffers          444596224 bytes

Redo Buffers                4628480 bytes

6）创建数据库的一个脚本（根据官方文档）

[[email protected] oracle]$ vi create_db.sql

CREATE DATABASE ENMOEDU

   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDUredo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDUredo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDUredo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDUredo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDUredo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDUredo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512

   MAXLOGFILES 5

   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

   MAXLOGHISTORY 1

   MAXDATAFILES 100

   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/users01.dbf'

      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/temp01.dbf'

      SIZE 20M REUSE

   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1

      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/undotbs01.dbf'

      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

7）运行脚本创建数据库

SQL> @/home/oracle/create_db.sql

Database created.

8）运行脚本创建数据字典视图

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

9）查看数据库的状态

SQL> select status from v$instance;  

STATUS

------------

OPEN

1 row selected.

10）创建spfile文件

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

手工创建数据库就完成了。

总结：手工建库的步骤为：设置环境变量；创建口令文件；创建pfile文件，创建必要的文件目录；创建数据库，运行必要的脚本；创建spfile文件。