没有空格的GUI显得"拥挤"。 如何提供空白而不诉诸显式设置组件的位置或大小？ -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --------
例如CardLayout(int，int)，FlowLayout(int，int，int)和GridLayout(int，int，int，int)，另一个示例GridLayout(int，int，int，int)和GridBagLayout()使用GridBagConstraints.insets
使用支持语义术语上的空白的LayoutManager。 您会看到它的到来，：:) MigLayout可以帮助您：定义一个网格以及它们之间的间隙，例如相关的，不相关的段落-仅添加组件
使用各种LayoutManagers可以在各种组件之间提供间隔。
1.)BorderLayout：
重载的构造方法：BorderLayout(int horizo??ntalGap，int verticalGap)
获取和设置方法
对于水平间距：BorderLayout.getHgap()和BorderLayout.setHgap(int hgap)
对于垂直间距：BorderLayout.getVgap()和BorderLayout.setVgap()
2.)FlowLayout：
重载的构造方法：FlowLayout(int align，int hgap，int vgap)
获取和设置方法
对于水平间距：FlowLayout.getHgap()和FlowLayout.setHgap(int hgap)
对于垂直间距：FlowLayout.getVgap()和FlowLayout.setVgap()
3.)GridLayout：
重载的构造方法：GridLayout(int行，int列，int hgap，int vgap)
获取和设置方法
对于水平间距：GridLayout.getHgap()和GridLayout.setHgap(int hgap)
对于垂直间距：GridLayout.getVgap()和GridLayout.setVgap()
4.)GridBagLayout：
GridBagConstraints.insets
5.)CardLayout(示例)：
CardLayout(int hGap，int vGap)
显示操作中所有构造函数的示例：
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class LayoutExample {
private final int hGap = 5;
private final int vGap = 5;
private String[] borderConstraints = {
BorderLayout.PAGE_START,
BorderLayout.LINE_START,
BorderLayout.CENTER,
BorderLayout.LINE_END,
BorderLayout.PAGE_END
};
private JButton[] buttons;
private GridBagConstraints gbc;
private JPanel borderPanel;
private JPanel flowPanel;
private JPanel gridPanel;
private JPanel gridBagPanel;
private JPanel cardPanel;
public LayoutExample() {
buttons = new JButton[16];
gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_START;
gbc.insets = new Insets(hGap, vGap, hGap, vGap);
}
private void displayGUI() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Layout Example");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
JPanel contentPane = new JPanel(
new GridLayout(0, 1, hGap, vGap));
contentPane.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(hGap, vGap, hGap, vGap));
borderPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(hGap, vGap));
borderPanel.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("BorderLayout"));
borderPanel.setOpaque(true);
borderPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
buttons[i] = new JButton(borderConstraints[i]);
borderPanel.add(buttons[i], borderConstraints[i]);
}
contentPane.add(borderPanel);
flowPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(
FlowLayout.CENTER, hGap, vGap));
flowPanel.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("FlowLayout"));
flowPanel.setOpaque(true);
flowPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
for (int i = 5; i < 8; i++) {
buttons[i] = new JButton(Integer.toString(i));
flowPanel.add(buttons[i]);
}
contentPane.add(flowPanel);
gridPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2, hGap, vGap));
gridPanel.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("GridLayout"));
gridPanel.setOpaque(true);
gridPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
for (int i = 8; i < 12; i++) {
buttons[i] = new JButton(Integer.toString(i));
gridPanel.add(buttons[i]);
}
contentPane.add(gridPanel);
gridBagPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
gridBagPanel.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("GridBagLayout"));
gridBagPanel.setOpaque(true);
gridBagPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
buttons[12] = new JButton(Integer.toString(12));
addComp(gridBagPanel, buttons[12], 0, 0, 1, 1
, GridBagConstraints.BOTH, 0.33, 0.5);
buttons[13] = new JButton(Integer.toString(13));
addComp(gridBagPanel, buttons[13], 1, 0, 1, 1
, GridBagConstraints.BOTH, 0.33, 0.5);
buttons[14] = new JButton(Integer.toString(14));
addComp(gridBagPanel, buttons[14], 0, 1, 2, 1
, GridBagConstraints.BOTH, 0.66, 0.5);
buttons[15] = new JButton(Integer.toString(15));
addComp(gridBagPanel, buttons[15], 2, 0, 1, 2
, GridBagConstraints.BOTH, 0.33, 1.0);
contentPane.add(gridBagPanel);
cardPanel = new JPanel(new CardLayout(hGap, vGap));
cardPanel.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("CardLayout"));
cardPanel.setOpaque(true);
cardPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
cardPanel.add(getPanel(Color.BLUE));
cardPanel.add(getPanel(Color.GREEN));
contentPane.add(cardPanel);
frame.setContentPane(contentPane);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
private JPanel getPanel(Color bColor) {
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(
FlowLayout.CENTER, hGap, vGap));
panel.setOpaque(true);
panel.setBackground(bColor.darker().darker());
JButton swapperButton = new JButton("Next");
swapperButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
CardLayout cardLayout = (CardLayout) cardPanel.getLayout();
cardLayout.next(cardPanel);
}
});
panel.add(swapperButton);
return panel;
}
private void addComp(JPanel panel, JComponent comp
, int x, int y, int gWidth
, int gHeight, int fill
, double weightx, double weighty) {
gbc.gridx = x;
gbc.gridy = y;
gbc.gridwidth = gWidth;
gbc.gridheight = gHeight;
gbc.fill = fill;
gbc.weightx = weightx;
gbc.weighty = weighty;
panel.add(comp, gbc);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
new LayoutExample().displayGUI();
}
};
EventQueue.invokeLater(runnable);
}
}
输出：
我+1了一些GridBagConstraints插图。 我们经常使用GBL，因此我编写了一些帮助程序类来帮助我完成肮脏的工作，因此GBL代码非常简洁易读。 就像这里的示例一样，我使用默认的Insets，这样我就不必每次都键入它，因此外观看起来更加"轻松"。
Swing GUI中有多种方法可以在组件之间以及组件周围的空白之间提供分隔：
JToolBar具有方法addSeparator()和addSeparator(Dimension)。
JMenu使用更适合菜单的间距组件，可通过addSeparator()获得。
但更一般地说，请注意：
可以在布局构造函数中定义的间距。
边界。
这是一个使用布局分隔符hGap和vGap值和边框(特别是EmptyBorder)提供"白色"(实际上显示为红色以使其非常明显)空间的示例。调整微调器以查看结果。
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.event.*;
public class WhiteSpace {
private JPanel gui = null;
private BorderLayout mainLayout =
new BorderLayout(0, 0);
private final FlowLayout buttonLayout =
new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER, 0, 0);
private final JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(buttonLayout);
private final SpinnerNumberModel hModel =
new SpinnerNumberModel(0, 0, 15, 1);
private final SpinnerNumberModel vModel =
new SpinnerNumberModel(0, 0, 15, 1);
private final SpinnerNumberModel hBorderModel =
new SpinnerNumberModel(0, 0, 15, 1);
private final SpinnerNumberModel vBorderModel =
new SpinnerNumberModel(0, 0, 15, 1);
private ChangeListener changeListener;
public Container getGui() {
if (gui == null) {
gui = new JPanel(mainLayout);
gui.setBackground(Color.RED);
JTree tree = new JTree();
tree.setVisibleRowCount(10);
for (int ii = tree.getRowCount(); ii > -1; ii--) {
tree.expandRow(ii);
}
gui.add(new JScrollPane(
tree,
JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS,
JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER),
BorderLayout.LINE_START);
gui.add(new JScrollPane(new JTextArea(10, 30)));
gui.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
changeListener = (ChangeEvent e) -> {
int hGap = hModel.getNumber().intValue();
int vGap = vModel.getNumber().intValue();
int hBorder = hBorderModel.getNumber().intValue();
int vBorder = vBorderModel.getNumber().intValue();
adjustWhiteSpace(hGap, vGap, hBorder, vBorder);
};
addModel("H Gap", hModel);
addModel("V Gap", vModel);
addModel("H Border", hBorderModel);
addModel("V Border", vBorderModel);
}
return gui;
}
private void addModel(String label, SpinnerNumberModel model) {
buttonPanel.add(new JLabel(label));
final JSpinner spinner = new JSpinner(model);
spinner.addChangeListener(changeListener);
buttonPanel.add(spinner);
}
private void adjustWhiteSpace(
int hGap, int vGap, int hBorder, int vBorder) {
mainLayout.setHgap(hGap);
mainLayout.setVgap(vGap);
buttonLayout.setHgap(hGap);
gui.setBorder(new EmptyBorder
(vBorder, hBorder, vBorder, hBorder));
Container c = gui.getTopLevelAncestor();
if (c instanceof Window) {
Window w = (Window) c;
w.pack();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Runnable r = () -> {
WhiteSpace ws = new WhiteSpace();
Container gui1 = ws.getGui();
JFrame f = new JFrame("White (OK Red) Space");
f.add(gui1);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
f.setLocationByPlatform(true);
f.setResizable(false);
f.pack();
f.setVisible(true);
};
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);
}
}
使用BoxLayout时，Box.createVerticalGlue()方法可以帮助您留出一些空白。
另一种方法是BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(int top, int left, int bottom, int right)。它可以帮助您在组件周围留一些空白。
感谢安德鲁·汤普森(Andrew Thompson)的提醒。最近几天，我对BoxLayout进行了修改，我发现Box.createVerticalGlue()可以根据面板的大小添加一些空白，并且您不能设置空白长度的显式像素值。但是可以做到。这是一个MCTaRE，显示了这两种方法的效果。
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
public class WhiteSpace extends JFrame{
static WhiteSpace whiteSpace;
DemoPanel demoPanel;
boolean withGlue;
JSpinner spinner;
public WhiteSpace(){
initialWindow();
demoPanel = new DemoPanel();
ActionPanel actionPanel = new ActionPanel();
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
getContentPane().add(actionPanel,BorderLayout.NORTH);
getContentPane().add(demoPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
setVisible(true);
}
public void initialWindow(){
setSize(220, 300);
setTitle("White Space");
setResizable(false);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
//Show the window in the middle of the screen
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
whiteSpace = new WhiteSpace();
}
};
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(runnable);
}
class DemoPanel extends JPanel{
//Show the vertical white space between label1 and label2
JLabel label1;
JLabel label2;
public void initialDemoPanel(){
setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(getBorder(),"DemoPanel", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, new Font("Default",Font.PLAIN,10), Color.gray));
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
label1 = new JLabel("This is first line");
label2 = new JLabel("This is second line");
}
public DemoPanel(){
initialDemoPanel();
add(label1);
if(withGlue){
add(Box.createVerticalGlue());
}
add(label2);
}
public DemoPanel(int strutValue){
initialDemoPanel();
add(label1);
add(Box.createVerticalStrut(strutValue));
add(label2);
}
}
class ActionPanel extends JPanel{
public ActionPanel(){
setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(getBorder(),"ActionPanel", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, new Font("Default",Font.PLAIN,10), Color.gray));
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this,BoxLayout.X_AXIS));
JRadioButton glueButton = new JRadioButton("With Glue");
glueButton.addActionListener(new glueButtonListener());
add(glueButton);
add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10));
//To create horizontal white space
JLabel strutLabel = new JLabel("Strut Value");
add(strutLabel);
spinner = new JSpinner(new SpinnerNumberModel(0,0,50,1));
spinner.addChangeListener(new spinnerListener());
add(spinner);
//public SpinnerNumberModel(Number value,Comparable minimum,Comparable maximum,Number stepSize)
}
}
class glueButtonListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
spinner.setValue(new Integer(0));
withGlue = (withGlue == true ? false:true);
whiteSpace.getContentPane().remove(demoPanel);
demoPanel = new DemoPanel();
whiteSpace.getContentPane().add(demoPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
whiteSpace.getContentPane().validate();
}
}
class spinnerListener implements ChangeListener{
@Override
public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
int strutValue = (Integer) spinner.getValue();
whiteSpace.getContentPane().remove(demoPanel);
demoPanel = new DemoPanel(strutValue);
whiteSpace.getContentPane().add(demoPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
whiteSpace.getContentPane().validate();
}
}
}
Box.createHorizontalGlue()和Box.createHorizontalStrut(int height)也可以使用。此外，Box.createRigidArea(Dimension d)也具有创建空白的能力。
MigLayout具有多种创建空间的方式。 (在此布局中，空格称为间隙。)
可以在具有布局约束的最高级别上创建间隙，可以
在行和列之间创建间隙，也可以在各个之间设置间隙
具有组件约束的组件。边界周围也有特定的空白
一个名为insets的容器，它具有要设置的特定关键字。
以下示例创建了所有这些类型的差距：
package com.zetcode;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import net.miginfocom.swing.MigLayout;
public class MigLayoutGaps2 extends JFrame {
public MigLayoutGaps2() {
initUI();
setTitle("Gaps");
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
}
private void initUI() {
JPanel base = new JPanel(new MigLayout("flowy, ins 30, gap 15"));
setContentPane(base);
JPanel pnl1 = new JPanel();
pnl1.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Grid gaps")
);
pnl1.setLayout(new MigLayout("gap 5 5, ins 10, wrap 3"));
pnl1.add(new JButton("1"));
pnl1.add(new JButton("2"));
pnl1.add(new JButton("3"));
pnl1.add(new JButton("4"));
pnl1.add(new JButton("5"));
pnl1.add(new JButton("6"));
JPanel pnl2 = new JPanel();
pnl2.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Column gaps")
);
pnl2.setLayout(new MigLayout("wrap 3","[]10[]"));
JLabel lbl1 = new JLabel();
lbl1.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()
);
JLabel lbl2 = new JLabel();
lbl2.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()
);
JLabel lbl3 = new JLabel();
lbl3.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()
);
pnl2.add(lbl1,"w 40, h 110");
pnl2.add(lbl2,"w 40, h 110");
pnl2.add(lbl3,"w 40, h 110");
JPanel pnl3 = new JPanel();
pnl3.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Row gaps")
);
pnl3.setLayout(new MigLayout("wrap","","[]15[]"));
JLabel lbl4 = new JLabel();
lbl4.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()
);
JLabel lbl5 = new JLabel();
lbl5.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()
);
JLabel lbl6 = new JLabel();
lbl6.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()
);
pnl3.add(lbl4,"w 150, h 20");
pnl3.add(lbl5,"w 150, h 20");
pnl3.add(lbl6,"w 150, h 20");
JPanel pnl4 = new JPanel();
pnl4.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Component gaps")
);
pnl4.setLayout(new MigLayout());
pnl4.add(new JLabel("Name:"),"gapright 5");
pnl4.add(new JTextField(10),"gapbottom 20, gaptop 20");
base.add(pnl1);
base.add(pnl2);
base.add(pnl3);
base.add(pnl4);
pack();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
MigLayoutGaps2 ex = new MigLayoutGaps2();
ex.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}
布局中有四个面板。每个面板都有一个MigLayout管理器。
JPanel base = new JPanel(new MigLayout("flowy, ins 30, gap 15"));
这条线会产生容器插图和面板之间的垂直间隙。
pnl1.setLayout(new MigLayout("gap 5 5, ins 10, wrap 3"));
在这里，我们为整个网格结构应用间隙，并设置容器间隙。
pnl2.setLayout(new MigLayout("wrap 3","[]10[]"));
这条线在列之间产生间隙。
pnl3.setLayout(new MigLayout("wrap","","[]15[]"));
行间隙是用此代码定义的。
pnl4.add(new JLabel("Name:"),"gapright 5");
pnl4.add(new JTextField(10),"gapbottom 20, gaptop 20");
最后，有可能在各个组件之间产生间隙。
JGoodies FormLayout。
作者Karsten Lentzsch收集了有关UI设计的演示文稿。特别是，此PDF谈到了美学空白的需求。增加有意义的空间，同时还要注意杂乱，使小麦与谷壳分离。
每当遇到此问题时，我都只使用JPanels。例如在GridLayout中：
JFrame frame = new JFrame;
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 0));
//We want the bottom left to be blank
frame.add(new JLabel("Top Left"));
frame.add(new JLabel("Top Right"));
//This is the position we want empty
frame.add(new JPanel());
//Now we can continue with the rest of the script
希望这有帮助:)