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samba1. samba简介2. samba访问3. 配置用户认证共享4. 配置匿名共享

文章目录

  • 1. samba简介
    • 1.1 Samba监听端口有
    • 1.2 samba进程
    • 1.3 samba用户
    • 1.4 samba配置文件
    • 1.5 Samba安全级别
    • 1.6 常用配置文件参数
  • 2. samba访问
  • 3. 配置用户认证共享
  • 4. 配置匿名共享

1. samba简介

1.1 Samba监听端口有

TCP UDP

139

445

137

138

安装samba服务
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install samba*                     服务端安装所有的
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install samba-client                             客户端只需安装一个
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable smb nmb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nmb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nmb.service.
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start smb nmb
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port  Peer Address:Port                                                  
LISTEN 0      50           0.0.0.0:139        0.0.0.0:*                                                     
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22         0.0.0.0:*                                                     
LISTEN 0      50           0.0.0.0:445        0.0.0.0:*                                                     
LISTEN 0      50              [::]:139           [::]:*                                                     
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22            [::]:*                                                     
LISTEN 0      50              [::]:445           [::]:*                                                     
[[email protected] ~]# ss -anul|grep -E '137|138'
UNCONN    0         0            192.168.50.255:137             0.0.0.0:*       
UNCONN    0         0            192.168.50.131:137             0.0.0.0:*       
UNCONN    0         0                   0.0.0.0:137             0.0.0.0:*       
UNCONN    0         0            192.168.50.255:138             0.0.0.0:*       
UNCONN    0         0            192.168.50.131:138             0.0.0.0:*       
UNCONN    0         0                   0.0.0.0:138             0.0.0.0:*       
           

tcp端口相对应的服务是smbd服务,其作用是提供对服务器中文件、打印资源的共享访问。

udp端口相对应的服务是nmbd服务,其作用是提供基于NetBIOS主机名称的解析。

1.2 samba进程

进程 对应
nmbd 对应netbios
smbd 对应cifs协议
winbindd + ldap 对应Windows AD活动目录

1.3 samba用户

帐号 密码

都是系统用户

/etc/passwd

Samba服务自有密码文件

通过smbpasswd -a USERNAME命令设置

smbpasswd命令:

  • -a Sys_User : 添加系统用户为samba用户并为其设置密码
  • -d : 禁用用户帐号
  • -e : 启用用户帐号
  • -x : 删除用户帐号
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin tom                    创建一个系统不能登陆的用户tom
[[email protected] ~]# su - tom                                            切换不了用户说明登陆不了
su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/tom: No such file or directory
This account is currently not available.
[[email protected] ~]# smbpasswd -a tom                                  添加系统用户为samba用户并为其设置密码
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user tom.
           

tom登陆,密码123456

samba1. samba简介2. samba访问3. 配置用户认证共享4. 配置匿名共享
samba1. samba简介2. samba访问3. 配置用户认证共享4. 配置匿名共享

访问不了是因为在创建tom用户时没有家目录

samba1. samba简介2. samba访问3. 配置用户认证共享4. 配置匿名共享

1.4 samba配置文件

  • /etc/samba/smb.conf(主配置文件)
samba三大组成 作用
[global] 全局配置,此处的设置项对整个samba服务器都有效
[homes] 宿主目录共享设置,此处用来设置Linux用户的默认共享,对应用户的宿主目录。当用户访问服务器中与自己用户名同名的共享目录时,通过验证后将会自动映射到该用户的宿主目录中
[printers] 打印机共享设置
//测试配置文件是否有语法错误,以及显示最终生效的配置:使用testparm命令
[[email protected] samba]# testparm                      
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
Loaded services file OK.                                 有ok就说明没有语法错误
Weak crypto is allowed
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions

# Global parameters
[global]                          表示全局,写在其下面表示对全服务器生效
	printcap name = cups
	security = USER
	workgroup = SAMBA
	idmap config * : backend = tdb
	cups options = raw


[homes]                          写在其下面只对用户的家目录生效
	browseable = No
	comment = Home Directories
	inherit acls = Yes
	read only = No
	valid users = %S %D%w%S

[share]                               只对该目录生效或只对该共享生效
        path = /opt/smb
           

1.5 Samba安全级别

  • Samba服务器的安全级别有三个,分别是user,server,domain
安全级别 作用
user 基于本地的验证
server 由另一台指定的服务器对用户身份进行认证
domain 由域控进行身份验证

以前的samba版本支持的安全级别有四个,分别是share,user,server,domain

share是用来设置匿名访问的,但现在的版本已经不支持share了,但是还是可以实现匿名访问的

只是配置方式变了

1.6 常用配置文件参数

参数 作用
workgroup 表示设置工作组名称
server string 表示描述samba服务器
security 表示设置安全级别,其值可为share、user、server、domain
passdb backend 表示设置共享帐户文件的类型,其值可为tdbsam(tdb数据库文件)、ldapsam(LDAP目录认证)、smbpasswd(兼容旧版本samba密码文件)
comment 表示设置对应共享目录的注释,说明信息,即文件共享名
browseable 表示设置共享是否可见
writable 表示设置目录是否可写
path 表示共享目录的路径
guest ok 表示设置是否所有人均可访问共享目录
public 表示设置是否允许匿名用户访问
write list 表示设置允许写的用户和组,组要用@表示,例如 write list = root,@root
valid users 设置可以访问的用户和组,例如 valid users = root,@root
hosts deny 设置拒绝哪台主机访问,例如 hosts deny = 192.168.72.1
hosts allow 设置允许哪台主机访问,例如 hosts allow = 192.168.72.2
printable 表示设置是否为打印机
  • server string
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf.example 
server string = Samba Server Version %v                       描述服务器版本号
           
  • passdb backend
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
passdb backend = tdbsam
[[email protected] samba]# find / -name tdbsam*
/usr/lib64/samba/pdb/tdbsam.so
           
  • comment
服务端的smb.conf文件里添加comment,表示说明
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
[share]
        path = /opt/anon
        comment = jjyy                     添加此内容
        browseable = yes
        guest ok = yes
        writable = yes
        public = yes
[[email protected] samba]# systemctl restart smb nmb

客户端查看
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U jerry
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	mq              Disk      
	share           Disk      jjyy                                   此时就能看到jjyy的注释
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
	jerry           Disk      Home Directories
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
           
  • valid users;write list
服务机添加valid users和write list
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
[share]
        path = /opt/anon                    可共享目录
        browseable = yes
        writable = no                  都不能写;此步骤需要写到write list前面,不然效果出不来
        valid users = tom,jerry                可以登陆的账户
        write list = jerry                        可以写的账户
客户机查看效果
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U jerry                 可查看jerry账户
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	mq              Disk      
	share           Disk      jjyy
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
	jerry           Disk      Home Directories
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U tom                        可查看tom账户
Enter SAMBA\tom's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	share           Disk      
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U mq                       可以查看mq用户
Enter SAMBA\mq's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	share           Disk      
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient //192.168.50.131/share -U tom                        可登陆tom账户
Enter SAMBA\tom's password: 
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls                                                          可以查看
  .                                   D        0  Tue Oct 13 20:58:35 2020
  ..                                  D        0  Tue Oct 13 20:36:34 2020
  abc                                 A        0  Tue Oct 13 20:58:35 2020

		17811456 blocks of size 1024. 16172024 blocks available
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient //192.168.50.131/share -U mq                         mq用户不能登陆
Enter SAMBA\mq's password: 
tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient //192.168.50.131/share -U jerry                            jerry用户可以登陆
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Tue Oct 13 20:58:35 2020
  ..                                  D        0  Tue Oct 13 20:36:34 2020
  abc                                 A        0  Tue Oct 13 20:58:35 2020

		17811456 blocks of size 1024. 16171400 blocks available
smb: \> mkdir 456                                            可以创建说明可写
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Wed Oct 14 15:04:25 2020
  ..                                  D        0  Tue Oct 13 20:36:34 2020
  abc                                 A        0  Tue Oct 13 20:58:35 2020
  456                                 D        0  Wed Oct 14 15:04:25 2020

		17811456 blocks of size 1024. 16171400 blocks available
服务端查看jerry创建的456效果
[[email protected] samba]# ll /opt/anon/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 jerry  jerry  6 Oct 14 15:04 456
-rwxr--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Oct 13 20:58 abc
           
  • hosts deny(hosts allow与之相反)
服务机配置文件里添加不让访问的主机ip
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
[share]
        path = /opt/anon
        browseable = yes
        writable = no
        valid users = tom,jerry
        write list = jerry
        hosts deny = 192.168.50.135             添加此行内容说明该台主机不能访问,其他主机可以访问
[[email protected] samba]# systemctl restart smb nmb
客户端查看
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient //192.168.50.131/share -U jerry
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 
tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED               权限被拒绝
           

此时用真机可以访问,登陆。

samba1. samba简介2. samba访问3. 配置用户认证共享4. 配置匿名共享
samba1. samba简介2. samba访问3. 配置用户认证共享4. 配置匿名共享
samba1. samba简介2. samba访问3. 配置用户认证共享4. 配置匿名共享

2. samba访问

环境说明:

服务器IP 客户机IP
192.168.50.131 192.168.50.135
  • 交互式数据访问
服务机创建一个用户
[[email protected] samba]# smbpasswd -a jerry
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user jerry.


客户机上查看
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U jerry
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
	jerry           Disk      Home Directories
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available



在服务机的smb.conf文件里添加一个共享
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
......
[share]
        path = /opt
[[email protected] samba]# systemctl restart smb nmb         重启服务
查看客户机
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U jerry
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	share           Disk                                                      此时可以查看到共享
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
	jerry           Disk      Home Directories
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available



在上一步的基础上添加以下内容
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
[share]
        path = /opt
        browseable = No                                     为No时客户机上查看不到共享内容,但是能用,相当于一个隐藏共享
[[email protected] samba]# systemctl restart smb nmb
查看客户机
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U jerry
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
	jerry           Disk      Home Directories
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available



客户机
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U jerry          跟服务机ip
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
	jerry           Disk      Home Directories
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
[[email protected] ~]# 
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient //192.168.50.131/jerry -U jerry
Enter SAMBA\jerry's password: 
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Tue Oct 13 17:51:28 2020
  ..                                  D        0  Tue Oct 13 17:51:28 2020
  .bash_logout                        H       18  Fri Aug 30 13:30:21 2019
  .bash_profile                       H      141  Fri Aug 30 13:30:21 2019
  .bashrc                             H      312  Fri Aug 30 13:30:21 2019

		17811456 blocks of size 1024. 16140572 blocks available
smb: \> mkdir abc                                                                  创建一个abc
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Tue Oct 13 19:09:22 2020
  ..                                  D        0  Tue Oct 13 17:51:28 2020
  .bash_logout                        H       18  Fri Aug 30 13:30:21 2019
  .bash_profile                       H      141  Fri Aug 30 13:30:21 2019
  .bashrc                             H      312  Fri Aug 30 13:30:21 2019
  abc                                 D        0  Tue Oct 13 19:09:22 2020

		17811456 blocks of size 1024. 16140572 blocks available
smb: \> 
服务机上查看是否有abc
[email protected] samba]# ls /home/jerry/
abc
[[email protected] samba]# ll /home/jerry/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 jerry jerry 6 Oct 13 19:09 abc

退出
smb: \> exit
[[email protected] ~]# 
           
  • 基于挂载的方式访问(推荐使用)
1. 临时挂载
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               963M     0  963M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  980M     0  980M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  980M  8.7M  972M   1% /run
tmpfs                  980M     0  980M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   17G  1.8G   16G  11% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1        1014M  160M  855M  16% /boot
tmpfs                  196M     0  196M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0               7.9G  7.9G     0 100% /mnt
[[email protected] ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.50.131/jerry /media/ -o username=jerry,password=123456                  将服务机上的jerry挂载到media上去
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                963M     0  963M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   980M     0  980M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   980M  8.7M  972M   1% /run
tmpfs                   980M     0  980M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root    17G  1.8G   16G  11% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1         1014M  160M  855M  16% /boot
tmpfs                   196M     0  196M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                7.9G  7.9G     0 100% /mnt
//192.168.50.131/jerry   17G  1.6G   16G  10% /media
[[email protected] ~]# cd /media/
[[email protected] media]# ls
[[email protected] media]# touch abc                     直接创建文件
[[email protected] media]# ll
total 0
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Oct 13 19:21 abc


服务机上查看
[[email protected] samba]# ll /home/jerry
total 0
-rwxr--r--. 1 jerry jerry 0 Oct 13 19:21 abc



2.永久挂载

客户机上添加以下内容
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
......
//192.168.50.131/jerry /media cifs defaults,username=jerry,password=123456 0 0

[[email protected] ~]# mount -a
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                963M     0  963M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   980M     0  980M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   980M  8.7M  972M   1% /run
tmpfs                   980M     0  980M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root    17G  1.8G   16G  11% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1         1014M  160M  855M  16% /boot
tmpfs                   196M     0  196M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                7.9G  7.9G     0 100% /mnt
//192.168.50.131/jerry   17G  1.6G   16G  10% /media
           

3. 配置用户认证共享

安装samba服务器:
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install samba-*

创建一个系统用户(不允许登陆)
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mq
[[email protected] ~]# smbpasswd -a mq
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user mq.

在/etc/samba/smbusers文件中添加如下内容
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/samba/
[[email protected] samba]# ls
lmhosts  smb.conf  smb.conf.example

[[email protected] samba]# vim smbusers

mq = share                                   share用户是个假账户,查看不到
[[email protected] samba]# id share
id: ‘share’: no such user
[[email protected] samba]# id mq
uid=993(mq) gid=989(mq) groups=989(mq)

在配置文件里添加映射
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
[global]
        workgroup = SAMBA
        security = user
        username map = /etc/samba/smbusers                         添加此行内容

创建目录,修改所有者
[[email protected] samba]# mkdir /opt/smb
[[email protected] samba]# chown -R mq.mq /opt/smb


配置共享
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
[mq]    
        path = /opt/smb                        路径,表示共享哪个目录
        browseable = yes                       匿名访问
        guest ok = yes
        writable = yes                         可读可写
        write list = share
        public = yes                           公开的,所有人都可以看到


重启服务
[[email protected] samba]# systemctl restart smb nmb

在客户机查看samba服务器有哪些共享资源
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U share
Enter SAMBA\share's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	mq              Disk      
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
将samba服务器的共享资源mq挂载到客户机本地
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
//192.168.50.131/mq /media cifs defaults,username=share,password=123456 0 0                   添加此内容
[[email protected] ~]# mount -a
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               963M     0  963M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  980M     0  980M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  980M  8.7M  972M   1% /run
tmpfs                  980M     0  980M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   17G  1.8G   16G  11% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1        1014M  160M  855M  16% /boot
tmpfs                  196M     0  196M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0               7.9G  7.9G     0 100% /mnt
//192.168.50.131/mq     17G  1.7G   16G  10% /media

在客户机上进入共享目录创建新文件
[[email protected] ~]# cd /media/
[[email protected] media]# ls
[[email protected] media]# touch abc
[[email protected] media]# ll
total 0
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Oct 13 20:30 abc
到服务机上验证
[[email protected] samba]# ll /opt/smb/
total 0
-rwxr--r--. 1 mq mq 0 Oct 13 20:30 abc
           

4. 配置匿名共享

安装samba服务器:
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install samba-*

创建一个共享目录anon
[[email protected] samba]# mkdir /opt/anon
[[email protected] samba]# chmod 777 /opt/anon/
[[email protected] samba]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root  6 Oct 13 20:35 anon
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mq   mq   17 Oct 13 20:30 smb


在配置文件中添加映射
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
[global]
        workgroup = SAMBA
        security = user
        map to guest = Bad User                  添加此行内容


配置共享
[[email protected] samba]# vim smb.conf
[share]
        path = /opt/anon
        browseable = yes
        guest ok = yes
        writable = yes
        public = yes


重启服务
[[email protected] samba]# systemctl restart smb nmb


在客户机查看samba服务器有哪些共享资源
[[email protected] ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.50.131 -U 'Bad User'
Enter SAMBA\Bad User's password:                       此处不需要输密码

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	mq              Disk      
	share           Disk      
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.11.2)
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
将samba服务器的共享资源mq挂载到客户机本地
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
//192.168.50.131/share /media cifs defaults,username=BadUser 0 0                    添加此行,不需要输密码
[[email protected] ~]# mount -a
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                963M     0  963M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   980M     0  980M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   980M  8.7M  972M   1% /run
tmpfs                   980M     0  980M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root    17G  1.8G   16G  11% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1         1014M  160M  855M  16% /boot
tmpfs                   196M     0  196M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                7.9G  7.9G     0 100% /mnt
//192.168.50.131/share   17G  1.7G   16G  10% /media


在客户机上进入共享目录创建新文件
[[email protected] media]# touch abc
[[email protected] media]# ll
total 0
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Oct 13 20:58 abc
到服务机上验证
[[email protected] samba]# ll /opt/anon/
total 0
-rwxr--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Oct 13 20:58 abc                 匿名用户访问,所以是nobody
           

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